AB Structure

Engineering
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheet
- Are steel sheets which are basically coated with zinc
and include a range of hot sip galvanized and electro-
galvanized steel sheets
- Most common and widely used roofing material
Other roofing materials:
- Solar tiles - Asphalt shingles
- Metal roofing - Stone-Coated steel
- Slate - rubber slate
- Clay and concrete tiles - green roofs
- Built-up roofs
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Types
1. Plain – standard
commercial size is 0.90
m wide by 2.4 m long
- Used for gutter, flashing,
ridges
2. Corrugated – standard
width is 0.80 m with
varying length from
1.5 m to 3.6 m at an
interval length of 30
cm
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Qualities
- Reasonable cost
- Availability
- Durability
- Ease of installation and repair
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Thickness
- Measured in terms of
gauge number ranging
from no. 14 to no. 30
(higher gauge no., the
thinner the GI sheets)
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Lapping of roof sheet
a. Side lapping
- 1 ½ corrugations – has an effective width covering of 70 cm
- 2 ½ corrugations – has an effective width covering of 60 cm
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Lapping of roof sheet
b. End lapping – ranges from 20 cm to 30 cm depending
on the degree of sloe and number of sheet in the
longitudinal row
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Steps in estimating corrugated G.I. sheets
1. Verify specification for side lapping and end lapping
2. Minimize the end lapping joint of sheet and always
choose longer length for economical reasons
3. Know the length of purlin
4. Compute the no. of sheets per row by dividing the
purlin length with the effective width covering the
sheet
5. Know the length of rafter/top chord and choose the
right combination of sheets to satisfy the length
6. Solve for the total no. of sheets needed for roofing
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Example:
Determine the most economical no. of GI sheets having a
2 ½ corrugation side lapping needed for a 50 m long
building with a clear span of 20 m and a roof pitch of 4.8.
gable type roofing. Use 0.3 m end lapping distance)

50 m

20 m
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
50 m

20 m

1.5 m 1.5 m

1m 1m
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Roof Pitch is the steepness of a
Length (L)
Length (l)
roof quantified as a ratio or as
Roof
height the number of angular degrees
that one ‘exposure’ surface
deviates from horizontal level.
- Is calculated by the number of
10 m
inches it rises vertically for every
1.5 m 12 inches it extends horizontally
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Given 4.8 then:
4.8 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
Length (L) =
Roof Length (l) 12 10
height
For the length:
2
(10)2 +(4)2 = 10.77 𝑚
length (l) = 10.8 m
10 m For the Length:
1.5 m 𝐿 10.8
=
11.5 10
L =12.4 m
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
No. of GI sheets per row:
52 m – purlin length
0.6 m – effective side lapping for 2 ½ corrugation
52 𝑚
= ~87 𝑝𝑐𝑠
0.6 𝑚/𝑝𝑐
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets
Using sing 3.6 m (because choose the longer length) long GI
sheets with 0.3 m end lapping
By trial and error:
3.6 𝑚 𝑥 4 = 14.4 − 3 0.3 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 13.5 𝑚 −long
Then use 3 (3.6 m) and find short:
3.6 𝑥 3 = 10.8 − 3 0.3 = 9.9
3.6 𝑥 3 = 10.8 + 2.7 = 13.5 − 3 0.3 = 12.6 𝑚
 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION:
Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Sheets

87 pcs with width = 0.6 m (note:

side lapping of 2 ½ corrugation

3 pcs of 3.6 m long

1 pc of 2.7 m long

Total # of GI Sheets:
3.6 𝑚 𝐺𝐼 = 87 𝑝𝑐𝑠 𝑥 3 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 522 𝑝𝑐𝑠

2.7 𝑚 𝐺𝐼 = 87 𝑝𝑐𝑠 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 174 𝑝𝑐𝑠

Reading assignment:

PAES 317: 2002

Engineering Materials - Metal Sheets and Plates