Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

City of Ilagan, Isabela

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY

JANUARY 06, 2023

SUBJECT: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4

RESEARCH WORK NO.1

TITLE: PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF HERITAGE LANDMARKS IN THE PHILIPPINES

DEADLINE OF SUBMISSION: JANUARY 13, 2023

Instructions: For this assignment, you are asked to write a research based on the questions below. Write
(handwritten in black ink) your answers in A4 size bond paper. Practice letter guidelines and line weights.

• First page: Front page

• Next page: Content

1. What is Republic Act 10086? BY

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10086 also known as "Strengthening Peoples' Nationalism Through
Philippine History Act" (Section 1), is AN ACT STRENGTHENING PEOPLES' NATIONALISM
THROUGH PHILIPPINE HISTORY BY CHANGING THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE NATIONAL
HISTORICAL INSTITUTE INTO THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE
PHILIPPINES, STRENGTHENING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES. Whereas it is stated (Section 2. Declaration of Policy) it is the policy of the State to
conserve, promote and popularize the nation's historical and cultural heritage and resources.
Pursuant to the Constitution, all the country's artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural
treasure of the nation and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its
disposition.)

2. What are the main functions or tasks of the National Historical Commission of the
Philippines?

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines, as an arm in the culture and development
agenda of the government, envisions a Filipino society with citizens informed of their history, who
love their country and are proud of their cultural heritage.
 Its mission is the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research,
dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works. It aims to inculcate awareness
and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill
pride in the Filipino race and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history.

The NHCP is mandated to undertake research and publication of Philippine historical works;
educational activities on historical events and personages; restoration, preservation and
conservation of movable and immovable objects of historical value and implementation of the
National Historic Act of the Philippines (PD 260 and PD 1505); administration of historic sites,
structures and memorabilia of national heroes; and blazoning of government symbols and
implementation of Republic Act 8491 or “The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”

3. Give at least 10 examples of the Historic Sites and Landmarks Recognized by The NHCP
and cite intelligently their historical significances? Include sources.

1. The Mansion
It served as the Summer residence of American Governors-General, 1908–1935 and later of
Philippine Presidents from Manuel L. Quezon to the present. It was built at the request of William
Cameron Forbes, based on the design of William E. Parsons, as part of the Burnham plan for
Baguio, influenced by the City Beautiful Movement, in 1908. It also served as venue of a number of
various historical events such as the Special Session of the second Philippine legislature, 1910.
Destroyed during the war, 1945. Rehabilitated, 1947. Venue of the UN. Economic commission of
Asia and the far East (ecafe), 1947; the UN. Food and agriculture organization (fao), 1948; and the
first meeting of the southeast asian union (seau) known as the baguio conference of 1950.

2. Barasoain Church
The Barasoain Church was built for the Roman Catholic masses at Malolos, Bulacan, by
Augustinian Missionaries between the mid-1500s and early-1600s. It was famous for its ornate
architecture and adornments. However, it was destroyed during the Philippine Revolution in the
1800s. It was refurbished and rebuilt, yet its haunting beauty remained. It has acted as a venue for
a variety of events over the years. The following three major national events are noteworthy: (1) the
First Philippine Congress; (2) the drafting of the Malolos Constitution in 1899; and (3) the
inauguration of two Philippine Presidents: General Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the First
Republic, and President Joseph Estrada, the 13th President of the Republic of the Philippines.

3. Zapote Bridge
The Zapote Bridge was a historical witness to the two fiercest battles that took place in Bacoor.
The "Battle(s) of Zapote Bridge" in 1897 and 1899 pitted revolutionary Filipinos against the Spanish
and Americans. On February 17, 1897, the Filipino Revolutionary Army halted the advance of the
Spanish invaders. General Edilberto Evangelista fought and died valiantly in this conflict, earning
him the title of "Hero of the Battle of Zapote Bridge" in 1899.
4. .Luneta Park
Rizal Park, also known as Luneta Park, is an iconic park with a rich history, as it is where the
country's National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, was executed. During the Spanish occupation of the
Philippines, the park was also known as Bagumbayan.
Rizal Park is one of Asia's largest leisure parks spanning about 58-hectare. The park is located on
Roxas Boulevard's northern end. Taft Avenue, Padre Burgos Avenue, and Kalaw Avenue surround
it. Aside from Rizal Park, adjacent attractions include the National Museum, the National Museum
of Anthropology, Manila Ocean Park, Intramuros, and many more.

5. Biak na Bato
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 15, 1897,[3][4] created a truce between Spanish
colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio
Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given
amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the revolutionary
government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to
purchase advance firearms and ammunition later on return to the archipelago.

6. Pamitinan Cave
Pamitinan Cave is a limestone cave in the Sierra Madre mountain range's foothills near Wawa
Dam in Rizal, Philippines. It is situated in the Pamitinan Protected Landscape, in the barrio of San
Rafael, Rodriguez municipality. The cave was previously known as the "Cave of Bernardo Carpio."
Its old name was derived from Bernardo Carpio, a figure in Philippine mythology who was
chastised by the gods for his arrogance. According to legend, he was imprisoned eternally in the
Montalban gorge, condemned to keep two mountains from colliding.

Inside this cave, on April 12, 1895, Andres Bonifacio and eight other katipuneros declared the
Philippines' independence from the Spanish dominion. The walls still bear "Viva la Independencia
Filipina" inscriptions from the Philippine Revolution. On June 21, 1996, Pamitinan cave was
recognized a historic site by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
During World War II, Japanese soldiers occupied the cave and used it as a camp

7. Jaro Belfry
Jaro Belfry, also known as Campanario de Jaro, is a historical free-standing bell tower located in
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines, in front of the Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral. It is one of the country's
rare belfries that stood apart from the church to which it belonged. Jaro Belfry was constructed in
1744 out of bricks and limestone pieces. During the Spanish colonial period, it served as both a
religious structure and a military lookout against invaders, particularly the Moros. On July 17, 1787,
the belfry was heavily damaged by a strong earthquake.

8. Corregidor Island
Following the Spanish-American War, the island was converted into a US military base, with a
complex network of tunnels and emplacements built. When Japan invaded the Philippines in
 December 1941, General Douglas MacArthur designated Bataan and Corregidor Island as key
military locations. Corregidor Island became the final outpost of organized resistance in the
archipelago after Bataan fell on April 9, 1942. Lieut. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright and his men
held off the invaders for 27 days, until they were obliged to surrender off Corregidor Island to Lieut
Gen. Masaharu Homma,. In 1945, US forces reclaimed the island.
9. Malacananag Palace
When the Philippines came under the control of the United States in 1898, the Malacanang Palace
became the residence of the U. S. Military Governors (beginning with General Wesley Merritt) and
from 1901 of the U. S. civilian Governors General (the first being William Howard Taft).Over the
years Malacanang Palace was home to 18 Spanish governors general and 14 American civil
governors.When the Philippine Commonwealth was established in 1935, Malacanang served as
the official residence of the President of the Philippines, the first being President Manuel L.
Quezon.

10. Old Town of Dapitan

Dapitan is one of the oldest settlements in Northern Mindanao inhabited by Subanens" and that
"according to Horacio de la Costa, S.J., the Dapitan mission was founded by Pedro Gutierrez, S.J.
(in) 1629.
"Jose Rizal lived in exile in Casa Real, the official residence and administration building of the
politico-military governor of the District, from July 1892 to March 1893; and transferred to Talisay,
now the Rizal Shrine Dapitan, where he spent a productive life."

4. How Important Is the Preservation and Restoration of Historic Landmarks in The

Philippines?

The Preservation and Restoration of Historic Landmarks in The Philippines is important as it serves
as our Cultural legacy. It is critical to preserving our sense of self- our national identity as Filipinos;
our nationality. It helps us reminisce or commemorate history by providing us with an unbreakable
link to the past - to specific societal ideals, beliefs, practices, and traditions that help us to identify
with others and strengthen our sense of solidarity, belonging, and national pride.
Cultural legacy is critical to preserving our sense of self. It provides us with an unbreakable link to the past - to
specific societal ideals, beliefs, practices, and traditions that help us to identify with others and strengthen our
sense of solidarity, belonging, and national pride., belonging, and national pride.