CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter focused on the research methods and procedures adopted in the study.
These include: research design, population, sample and sampling techniques,
instrument for data collection, validity of the instrument, reliability of the
instrument, method of data collection and methods of data analysis.

Research Design
This study employed descriptive survey research design. A descriptive survey
research design according to Akuezuilo and Agu (2002) is a research design in which
a group of people or items is studied and data is analyzed from a few people or items
considered to be representative of the entire group. The descriptive survey design
was used to examine the influence of classroom environment on the academic
performance of primary schools’ students in Placer Surigao del Norte.

Population of the Study

The population of the study comprised 7,000 primary school students in Placer,
Surigao del Norte which was randomly selected.

Sample and Sampling Technique

The sample of the study consisted of 300 primary students which was randomly
drawn from 5 public public schools. On a-5% basis,70 students each will be randomly
selected from the 5 schools using a simple random technique. A simple random
technique provides the chance to all population elements of being selected for the
study.

Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled
“Influence of Classroom Environment on the Academic Performance of Students’
Questionnaire” (IOCEOTAPOSQ). The (IOCEOTAPOSQ) which was a structured, self-
reporting questionnaire consisted of three sections ‘A’ , ‘B’ and ’C’, while the section
‘A’ will comprise of the bio-data such as, sex, religion, age etc. Section ‘B’ will contain
15 items that bothered influence of classroom environment on the academic
performance of students. Furthermore, the instrument was constructed in Likert
four point scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree and lastly
section ‘ C’ will comprise multiple choice achievement test in English Language which
consists of fifteen (15) questions was administered and answered in thirty minutes.

Method of Data Collection

The researcher administered the 300 copies personally with the help of three
trained research assistants. The research assistants were trained on the objectives of
the study and how to locate the subjects. They were also trained on how to collect
the data using the questionnaire. With the interaction held with the research
assistants, they were well acquainted with the modality of administering the
instrument in appropriate and effective manner. The use of the research assistants
helped to ensure that the targeted sample for the research was used for the
completion of the questionnaire. This also helped to ensure a high return rate.

Methods of Data Analysis

The hypotheses formulated in this study were tested with the use of the
independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. The independent
statistical tool is an instrument, which is used to determine whether a positive or
negative difference exists between two variables in a hypothesis. The application of
t-test in determining the difference between two variables in this study is to
ascertain the authenticity of the hypotheses formulated in this study.