BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING WITH HONOURS

MAY / 2023

BBSS1103

STATISTICAL METHODS

NO. MATRIKULASI :
NO. KAD PENGENALAN :
NO. TELEFON :
E-MEL :
PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN :

1
PART I
Question 1
(a) Mean, mode, median, and range:
To calculate the mean, we sum up all the values and divide by the total number of values:
Mean = (4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 7 + 6 + 2 + 5 + 7 + 6 + 4) / 15= 67 / 15 = 4.467

To find the mode, we look for the value that appears most frequently in the dataset:
Mode: The value 5 appears the most frequently (3 times), so the mode is 5.

To determine the median, we arrange the values in ascending order and find the middle
value:
Arranged dataset: 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7
Since we have an odd number of values (15), the median is the middle value, which is the
8th value in the dataset. Therefore, the median is 5.

To calculate the range, we find the difference between the maximum and minimum
values:
Range = Maximum value - Minimum value = 7 - 2 = 5
Therefore:
Mean = 4.467
Mode = 5
Median = 5
Range = 5

2
(b) First quartile and third quartile:
To find the first quartile (Q1), we need to determine the median of the lower half of the
dataset. Since the dataset is already sorted in ascending order, we find the median of the
first 7 values:

First quartile (Q1): The median of 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 is (3 + 3) / 2 = 3.

To calculate the third quartile (Q3), we find the median of the upper half of the dataset.
Again, since the dataset is sorted, we find the median of the last 7 values:

Third quartile (Q3): The median of 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7 is (6 + 6) / 2 = 6.

Therefore:
First quartile (Q1) = 3
Third quartile (Q3) = 6

(c) Interquartile range:

The interquartile range is the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first
quartile (Q1):
Interquartile range = Q3 - Q1 = 6 - 3 = 3
Therefore, the interquartile range is 3.

3
Question 2
(a) Probability distribution for X:
X represents the number of mortgage loans approved per week, and f represents the
frequency of each value.

To find the probability distribution, we need to calculate the probability of each value of
X occurring.

Total frequency (n) = 52

X | f | P(X)
------------------
0 | 3 | 3/52
1 | 18 | 18/52
2 | 16 | 16/52
3 | 9 | 9/52
4 | 4 | 4/52
5 | 2 | 2/52

The probability (P(X)) for each value of X is calculated by dividing the frequency (f) by
the total frequency (n).
Therefore, the probability distribution for X is:

X | f | P(X)
------------------
0 | 3 | 3/52
1 | 18 | 18/52
2 | 16 | 16/52
3 | 9 | 9/52
4 | 4 | 4/52
5 | 2 | 2/52

4
(b) Mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability distribution of X:
To find the mean (μ), variance (σ^2), and standard deviation (σ), we can use the
following formulas:
Mean (μ) = Σ(X * P(X))
Variance (σ^2) = Σ((X - μ)^2 * P(X))
Standard Deviation (σ) = √(Variance)

Using the probability distribution table calculated in part (a), we can calculate the mean,
variance, and standard deviation as follows:

Mean (μ) = (0 * (3/52)) + (1 * (18/52)) + (2 * (16/52)) + (3 * (9/52)) + (4 * (4/52)) + (5 *

(2/52))
= (0 + 18/52 + 32/52 + 27/52 + 16/52 + 10/52)
= 103/52
≈ 1.98

Variance (σ^2) = (0 - 1.98)^2 * (3/52) + (1 - 1.98)^2 * (18/52) + (2 - 1.98)^2 * (16/52) +

(3 - 1.98)^2 * (9/52) + (4 - 1.98)^2 * (4/52) + (5 - 1.98)^2 * (2/52)
= 1.403

Standard Deviation (σ) = √(Variance)

= √(1.403)
≈ 1.184

Therefore:
Mean (μ) ≈ 1.98
Variance (σ^2) ≈ 1.403
Standard Deviation (σ) ≈ 1.184

Question 3

5
(a) Two properties of the normal distribution are:

Symmetry: The normal distribution is symmetric around its mean. This means that the
left and right halves of the distribution are mirror images of each other. The mean,
median, and mode of a normal distribution are all equal and located at the center.

Bell-shaped curve: The normal distribution has a bell-shaped curve, which means that the
majority of the data points are located near the mean, and as we move away from the
mean in either direction, the number of data points decreases gradually. The shape of the
curve is defined by the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.

(b) For the given experiment of tossing a coin and throwing a fair dice simultaneously:

i. List all the possible outcomes:

The possible outcomes of tossing a coin and throwing a dice simultaneously can be listed
as follows:
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6
T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6

ii. Probability of an event with a tail and an odd number occurring:

The event with a tail and an odd number can occur in the following outcomes:
T1, T3, T5
There are three favorable outcomes out of a total of twelve possible outcomes.
Therefore, the probability of this event occurring is:
P(Tail and Odd) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes
= 3 / 12
=1/4
= 0.25

iii. Probability of an outcome with a head and a number less than 6:

The outcome with a head and a number less than 6 can occur in the following outcomes:
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5
There are five favorable outcomes out of a total of twelve possible outcomes.
Therefore, the probability is 5/12.

6
(c) To calculate the probability of getting exactly 10 heads when flipping a fair coin 15
times, we can use the binomial probability formula.

The binomial probability formula is:

P(X = x) = (nCx) * p^x * (1-p)^(n-x)

Where:
- P(X = x) is the probability of getting exactly x successes (heads in this case)
- n is the total number of trials (number of coin flips)
- x is the number of successes (number of heads)
- p is the probability of success on a single trial (probability of getting a head)
- (nCx) represents the binomial coefficient, which is the number of ways to choose x
successes out of n trials. It can be calculated as n! / (x! * (n-x)!)

In this case, n = 15 (number of coin flips), x = 10 (number of heads), and p = 0.5

(probability of getting a head on a fair coin).

Let's calculate the probability:

P(X = 10) = (15C10) * (0.5)^10 * (1-0.5)^(15-10)

Using the formula for the binomial coefficient, (15C10) = 15! / (10! * (15-10)!):

P(X = 10) = (15! / (10! * 5!)) * (0.5)^10 * (0.5)^5

Simplifying further:

P(X = 10) = (3003) * (0.5)^10 * (0.5)^5

P(X = 10) = (3003) * (0.5)^15

Now, we can calculate the final probability:

P(X = 10) ≈ (3003) * (0.000030517578125)

P(X = 10) ≈ 0.091644287109375

Therefore, the probability of getting exactly 10 heads when flipping a fair coin 15 times
is approximately 0.0916, or 9.16%

7
PART II

8
9
10
 ATTACHMENT

REFERENCES

Author’s name (year). Book, Title, Publication

11