Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Japan's Challenge
Japan's Challenge
for the En
Environmental
ironmental Sanitation
H I D E TO Y O S H I D A
D I R E C TO R - G E N E R A L
WA S T E M A N A G E M E N T & R E C Y C L I N G
D E PA RT M E N T
M I N I S T RY O F T H E E N V I R O N M E N T, J A PA N
International Status
off EEnvironmental
i t l Sanitation
S it ti
• 2.6
2 6 billion people cannot access
environmental sanitation facilities.
• Halve the number of people without 1 2 billion people
1.2
Improved
sustainable access to basic sanitation by from 1990 to 2004
2015. ((MDG target10)
g )
• In the “Hashimoto Action Plan”,
2.6 billion people including
¾ Without radical change,g , we will not 1 billion children
Without access
achieve the MDG sanitation target.
¾ National Governments formulate clear‐
cut strategic sanitation policies and plans.
Japan’s
p Challenge
g
• Japan
J iis willing
illi tto workk together
t th withith the
th international
i t ti l
community to improve worldwide sanitary environment,
because Japan has a lot of experience of developing
hygienic night soil treatment systems.
• Night
Ni ht soilil recycling
li system
t which
hi h was developed
d l d in
i the
th past.
t
• Johkasou, which is a JAPAN ORIGINAL on‐site waste water
treatment system
• Night soil treatment facilities
y Areas
A without
ith t fl
flush
h toilets-
t il t
increase of vault toilets
{ Pit Latrine
L ti
{ ECO‐San
{ Container type toilet(Japan)
Container‐type Stool/urine separation Type Toilet (1950)
y IInstallation
t ll ti off sanitary
it toilets
t il t
{ Separation of night soil from inhabitants
{ Prevention
P ti off waterborne
t b disease
di
y Clean toilets
{ Smell‐free
ll f
{ Quick removal of night soil by flush toilet
yS
Safe
f and d sanitary
i life
lif
{ Water pollution control
Crucial point on Septic Tank
y Dissemination
Di i ti off fl
flush
h ttoilet
il t Well
(straw)
(tank)
(transportation of night soil by a person)
Anaerobic digestion
(Big vault toilet) Safety & sanitary
F tili
Fertiliser
【Since 1950s】
y Faced difficulty
y with night
g soil recycling
y g because of rapid
p
urbanization and increasing production of chemical fertilizers
y Japan has developed hygienic night soil treatment technology.
Japan’s
p p
proposal
p -Johkasou-
y Properly
P l di
disinfected
i f t d effluent
ffl t
y Protect water environment and ensure rural water
resources
y Employ such technologies as
¾ Biological contactor ditch process
¾ Trickling filter process
¾ Anaerobic filter‐contact aeration process
¾ Biofilm filtration tank
¾ Moving bed biofilm tank,
tank etc
etc.
y Varieties of Johkasou with different treatment capacity
to conform to the required effluent level and cost in
each country
Japan’ss proposal -Johkasou-(continued)
Japan Johkasou (continued)
y Requires
R i periodical
i di l maintenance
i t
Johkasou manager (inhabitant)
such as maintenance of biofilm Request
and removal of sludge (examination)
Technical Specified
y Requires certified supervisor inspecting
agency
t h i i / i
technicians/engineers ffor (maintenance) (desludging)
Johkasou Johkasou
maintenance desludging
vendor vendor
y Collects
ll night
h soill ffrom each
hhhome and
d transfers
f it to
central night soil treatment plants
y Operated for 14 million Japanese people in rural areas
around Japan
y Treat night
h soill in sanitary manner to meet standards
d d
{ Anaerobic digestion process
Sedimenta
Equalisation water
ater
tion tank disinfection
tank
influent
1st digestion 2nd digestion Aeration
screening tank tank tank
effluent
Sludge
Sludge
Measuring
tank
Dehydration
Sludge
sludge thickening tank
1.Johkasou
・More cost‐effective and short installation time in less populated areas
・Joint treatment with night soil and domestic waste water with effluent
as clean as that of sewage.
sewage (20mg/L of BOD and less)
・Effluent is disinfected properly.
(container type toilet) ・Ensure the rural water resources
ccosts)
c
construction
P
Per Capitta Cost (including
n and ma
Balance point
aintenance
On-site system
(
Collective system
Population density
y Disseminate
Di i t Japan’s
J ’ experience
i off night
i ht soilil treatment
t t t
y Capacity building on night soil treatment
y Suggest night soil treatment system/technology which is
applicable for developing countries
y Provide relevant technical cooperation
y “Water Environment Partnership p in Asia (WEPA)”
( ) aims to
promote good governance in water environment
management
g
y Japan‐China Cooperation including model project for
decentralized wastewater treatment in rural and other
areas in China.
Strategy
gy of “Water Environment Partnership
p in Asia (WEPA)”
( )
【What’s WEPA?】
● WEPA is an initiative that the Ministry of the Environment Information platform
of Japan proposed at the 3rd World Water Forum held in
Japan in 2003. http://www.wepa‐db.net
● WEPA aims to strengthen governance through capacity
b ildi and
building d sharing
h i kknowledgel d and d iinformation
f ti on watert
environmental governance. Collection and analysis
● The 2nd WEPA International Forum that stakeholders of information
p g government,
representing g , academia,, the p
private sector and each countries Promotingg water
NGOs participated in was held last December as an open environment
event of the 1st Asia‐Pacific Water Summit. governance
Promoting dialogues
Lao Korea Indonesia among various
Myanmar stakeholders
China
Malaysia Enhancement of
Cambodia networks among
Philippines Japan counties
Thailand Vietnam