Depression

Lesson 1. Introduction

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 Introduction

• Global:
Depression: 4.4%
Anxiety: 3.6%

• Western Pacific Region

Mental Disorder Total Cases (million) % of global cases Prevalence

Depression 66.21 21% 3.6%

Anxiety 55.08 20% 2.9%

Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders:

Global Health Estimates, WHO 2017
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 Introduction

• Philippines
Mental Total Cases Prevalence Total years lived % of total
Disorder with disability YLD
(YLD)

Depression 3,298,652 3.3% 554,100 6.2%

Anxiety 3,075,517 3.1% 284,591 3.2%

Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders:

Global Health Estimates, WHO 2017
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Core symptoms of depression

• Persistently depressed mood.

• Markedly diminished interest in or

pleasure from activities that used
to be interesting and pleasurable.

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 Common presentations of depression

• Multiple persistent • Significant change in

physical symptoms with appetite or weight
no clear cause (gain or loss)
• Low energy • Beliefs of worthlessness
• Fatigue • Excessive guilt
• Sleep problems (sleeping
• Indecisiveness
too much or too little)
• Anxiety • Restlessness/agitation
• Hopelessness
• Suicidal thoughts and acts
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 Identifying depression

The length of time that a person

experiences the symptoms is one of the
distinctions between depression and
general low mood.
Symptoms should be present for not less
than two (2) weeks.

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 Identifying depression
• Depression means that there is a
considerable impairment in a person’s ability
to function in daily life.
• Some people may experience persistent
depressed mood but they are able to
continue functioning in daily life. Therefore,
their symptoms do not amount to
depression and can be managed as Other
significant mental health complaints in
mhGAP-IG Version 2.0. 7
Contributing factors

Biological

Social Psychological

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 Socioeconomic impact:
• high unemployment
• worsening living
conditions

High prevalence rates:

• 322 million people Disability and
worldwide Depression: mortality:
• 4.4% in the community A public
• 10-20% in primary care
• major cause of
attenders
health disability
• 10% women who have priority • high suicide rates
given birth

Correlations with other

physical health
Impact on families:
conditions
• infant growth
• noncommunicable
• family relationships
diseases
• child rearing • communicable
diseases

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Average prevalence of depression in people
with physical diseases (70 countries)

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 Prevalence of depression in people
with physical diseases (Philippines)
• Depression among the medically ill is 31%;
anxiety, 36% (Batar MI. Prevalence of depression and anxiety
among the medically ill in selected out-patient clinics in the
Philippines. 2013)

• With COPD : 31.37% (Sue Kimberly M. Tan et al., 2015)

• With cancer : 22% (Que JC et al., 2013)

• With lung TB : 16.8% (Masumoto S, 2014)

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 Activities

GLossary: What are the local

terms/names for depression?
• Discussion Board: How are people with
depression treated and perceived by
the local community?

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