 Emphasis: Interconnectedness of the various competences; rejects strict separation.

Competence is holistic.

 Key Points:

o The five components interact dynamically:

 Sociocultural competence: Social rules of use and cultural knowledge.

 Linguistic competence: Formal aspects of language.

 Actional competence: Performing language functions and 'getting things

done'.

 Discourse competence: Cohesion and coherence beyond the sentence level.

 Strategic competence: Compensatory strategies to maintain communication.

Important Notes:

 These views complement and interrelate with each other rather than strictly opposing one
another.

 Communicative competence is a complex and dynamic concept; no single model is definitive.

 Real-world communication uses all these aspects simultaneously