Nama: Dzaky Fauzan Hilmy A

Kelas: 2C-TPTL
NIM:201724007

2-3. A group of enterprising engineering students has developed a process for extracting combustible met the exhaust
is odorless). With a specially adapted internal combustion engine, the students claim that an a day from the “cow
gas” produced by a single cow. Their experimental car can travel 60 miles per day for a allocated cost of the methane
process equipment—the cow manure is essentially free). (2.1)
a. How many cows would it take to fuel 1,000,000 miles of annual driving by a fleet of cars? What is the an
b. How does your answer to Part (a) compare to a gasoline-fueled car averaging 30 miles per gallon when

JAWAB

Dik : jarak perjalanan 1000000 mil/tahun

jarak perjalanan oleh gas dari 1 ekor sapi 15 mil/hari
jumlah hari dalam satu tahun 365 hari
biaya estimasi perhari 5$
perjalanan dengan asumsi biaya 60 mil/hari
perjalanan dengan bahan bakar bensin 30 mil/hari
harga bensin 3$

Dit : a. jumlah sapi yang dibutuhkan

182.648401826484 sapi

biaya tahunan pengisian bahan bakar

83333.3333333333 $ per tahun

b. biaya tahunan bahan bakar bensin

100000 $ per tahun

bisa jadi membayar 16666.6666667 $ per tahun untuk bahan bakar mob

2-12. A lash adjuster keeps pressure constant on engine valves, thereby increasing fuel efficiency in autom price (p)
and monthly demand (D) for lash adjusters made by the Wicks Company is given by this equation demand ( ˆD) when
total revenue is maximized? What important data are needed if maximum profit is desi

JAWAB
D= (2000-P)/0.10
0.1 D = 2000-P
= 2000-0.1D (Persamaan

harga) pendapatan = harga/kualitas

= (2000 – 0,1 D) D
= 2000 D- 0,1 D2

Ketika persamaaan pendapatan dimaksimalkan pada turunannya,

jumlah pendapatan marjinal tersebut adalah 0 sehingga D dapat ditentukan
2000 D- 0,2 D = 0
D = 2000 / 0,2
D = 10000 unit per bulan

Hal yang diperlukan jika ingin memperoleh keuntungan bulanan maksimum adalah
biaya tetap (fixed cost) per bulan dan biaya variabel (Variable cost) per adjuster bulu mata mesin.

2-15. A company produces and sells a consumer product and is able to control the
demand for the product by varying the selling price. The approximate relationship between price and dem dollars and
D is the demand per month. The company is seeking to maximize its profit. The fixed cost is $1 (cv) is $40 per unit.
(2.2)

JAWAB
a. p = $ 38 + (2700 / D) - (5000 / D^2), untuk D> 1. VC = $40
TR = p x D FC = $1,000
TR = ($ 38 + (2700 / D) - (5000 / D^2)) D
TR = 38 D + 2700 - (5000/D) TC = FC + VC =

MR = [d(TR) / d(D) ] MC = [ d(TC) / d(D) ]

= 38 + (5000/D^2) = 40

MR = MC (total revenue = total cost)

38 + (5000/D^2) = 40
5000 / D^2 = 2
5000 = 2D^2
D^2 = 2500
maka 50 unit
D = 50 mendapatk

Dapat dilakukan penurunan kedua untuk fungsi profit tersebut dan akan terbukti apabila
b. nilai dari turunan kedua < 0 tujuannya yaitu untuk membuktikan bahwa 50 (kali)
adalah yang dibutuhkan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan

Profit" = -(10000/x^3)
Profit" = -0.08 terbukti
 Provit = TR-TC (Pendapatan-Pengeluaran)
Provit' = MR-MC
= (38-(5000/D^2)-40
= -2 - (5000/D^2)

2-16. An electric power plant uses solid waste for fuel in the production of electricity. The cost Y in dollars
per hour to produce electricity is Y = 12 + 0.3X + 0.27X^2, where X is in megawatts.
Revenue in dollars per hour from the sale of electricity is 15X − 0.2X^2. Find the value of X that gives
maximum profit. (2.2)

Keuntungan = Pendapatan – pengeluaran

= (15x - 0.2x^2 ) – (12 + 0.3x + 0.27x^2)
= 15x - 0.2x2 – 12 - 0.3x – 0.27x2
= 14.7x - 0.47 x2 – 12

Untuk mendapatkan profit yang paling banyak, kita harus menurunkan sekali persamaan sehingga
persamaannya nol untuk mendapatkan (x) watt maksimal (diturunkan)
dp/ dx = 14.7 - 0.94x = 0
x= 14.7 / 0.94
x = 15.6382978723404
Jadi, nilai x yang menghasilkan keuntungan maksimal sebesar 15,64 MW

2-21. A regional airline company estimated four years ago that each pound of aircraft weight adds
$30 per year to its fuel expense. Now the cost of jet fuel has doubled from what it was four years ago.
A recent engineering graduate employed by the company has made a recommendation to reduce fuel
consumption of an aircraft by installing leather seats as part of a “cabin refurbishment program.” The total
reduction in weight would be approximately 600 pounds per aircraft. If seats are replaced annually (a worst-
case situation), how much can this airline afford to spend on the cabin refurbishments? What nonmonetary
advantages might be associated with the refurbishments?
Would you support the engineer’s recommendation? (2.1)

JAWAB

Biaya bahan bakar setelah dilipatgandakan $ 60

pengurangan berat 600 pon

maskapai mampu membelanjakan $ 36000 per pesawat

Keuntungan non moneter yang diperoleh seperti terciptanya kenyamanan penumpang dengan lapisan jok baru ,
kebersihan jok, estetika dan peningkatan aerodinamika pesawat

Ya, saya setuju dengan rekomendasi teknisi karena secara trade-off akan memberikan keuntungan lebih
banyak
 2-22. Jerry Smith’s residential air conditioning (AC) system has not been able to keep his house cool enough in
90◦F weather. He called his local AC maintenance person, who discovered a leak in the evaporator. The cost to
recharge the AC unit is $40 for gas and $45 for labor, but the leak will continue and perhaps grow worse. The AC
person cautioned that this service would have to be repeated each year unless the evaporator is replaced. A new
evaporator would run about $800–$850. Jerry reasons that fixing the leak in the evaporator on an annual basis is
the way to go. “After all, it will take 10 years of leak repairs to equal the evaporator’s replacement cost.”
Comment on Jerry’s logic.
What would you do? (2.1)

JAWAB

Melihat kasus Ac rumah jerry yang tidak berfungsi normal serta butuh biaya pengisian ulang gas d
teknisi setiap tahun. Maka akan dianalisis pilihan mana yang harus dilakukan

Pilihan 1
Biaya perawatan termasuk biaya pengisian ulang AC sebesar $40 dan biaya tenaga kerja untuk
pemasangan AC sebesar $45.
Oleh karena itu dapat ditentukan total biaya pemeliharaan adalah ($ 40+$ 45)= $85 per tahun.
Perbaikan ini akan berlangsung selama 10 tahun karena Evaporator Ac akan tetap bocor.
Maka total biaya perbaikan selama 10 tahun = 10 tahun x ( $85/tahun)
= $850
Pilihan 2
Sedangkan membeli evaporator baru harganya $800-$850

Bila kita bandingkan kedua pengeluaran dari kedua pilihan tersebut maka akan sama biaya yang a

Namun, menurut saya bila Jerry membeli evaporator dengan batas bawah range harganya ($800) maka J menghemat
sebesar $50. Dengan membeli kompressor baru Jerry tidak perlu meminta teknisi ke rumahny serta tidak perlu
mengkhawatirkan kebocoran gas freon dan dampaknya. Maka menurut saya lebih baik jik evaporator baru.

2-23. Ethanol blended with gasoline can be used to power a “flex-fueled” car. One particular blend that is g which is
85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. E85 is 80% cleaner burning than gasoline alone, and it reduces o But a flex-fueled car
costs $1,000 more than a conventional gasoline-fueled car. Additionally, E85 fuel gets than a conventional
automobile. Consider a 100% gasoline-fueled car that averages 30 miles per gallon. T about 27 miles per gallon. If
either car will be driven 81,000 miles before being traded in, how much will th (per gallon) to make the flex-fueled
car as economically attractive as a conventional gasoline-fueled car? per gallon. Work this problem without
considering the time value of money. (2.1)

JAWAB

Pilihan 1
Jumlah bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan bensin untuk pergi sejauh 81.000 mil :
= 81.000/30
 = 2.700 galon
Pilihan 2
Jumlah bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan E85 untuk pergi sejauh 81.000 mil :
= 81.000/27
= 3.000 galon

Maka penyelesaiannya :
[ Harga mobil bahan bakar fleksibel + Jumlah bahan bakar E85 [ Jumlah ba
yang digunakan × Harga bahan bakar E85 per gallon] = × Harga bah

Asumsikan Harga bahan bakar E85 per gallon = x

1.000 + (3.000x) = (2700 x $3,89)
1.000 + 3.000x = 10.503
3.000x = 10.503 - 1.000
x = 9.503/3.000
x = 3,16

Jadi, harga bahan bakar E85 per galon adalah = $3,16 per galon dan lebih murah dibandingkan dengan h maka yang
lebih murah lebih memiliki daya tarik

2-24. The fixed cost for a steam line per meter of pipe is $450X + $50 per year. The cost for loss of heat fr is
$4.8/X1/2 per year. Here, X represents the thickness of insulation in meters, and X is a continuous desig
a. What is the optimum thickness of the insulation?
b. How do you know that your answer in Part (a) minimizes total cost per year?
c. What is the basic trade-off being made in this problem?

JAWAB

Diketahui persamaan biaya tetap jalur uap per meter pipa adalah 450x + $50 per tahun dimana
x adalah tebal isolasi (dalam meter)
Persamaan biaya panas yang hilang dari pipa per meter diberikan 4,8/x^1/4 per tahunnya
Total biaya tahunan = Biaya Tetap + Biaya kehilangan panas , disimbolkan C
Maka persamaan C = 450x + 50 + 4,8/x^1/2

a) Untuk mencari ketebalan isolasi yang optimal :

 b) Persamaan C diturunkan dua kali untuk memperoleh biaya minimum, dimana
syarat turunan kedua fungsi C pada harus lebih besar dari nol.

Sekarang cari nilai dari turunan kedua dengan mensubtitusikan x = 0,0305

Karena turunan kedua lebih besar dari nol pada, maka

nilai variabel x pada persamaan (a) akan meminimalkan biaya total per tahun

Menurut analisis, bahwa semakin tebal isolasi pada pipa maka laju perpindahan panasny
kecil dan membuat biaya kehilangan panas pada pipa steam rendah Oleh karena itu, trad
c) yang dibuat yaitu adalah antara ketebalan isolasi dan biaya kehilangan panas

2-29. One component of a system’s life-cycle cost is the cost of system failure. Failure costs can be reduce A simplified expression for system

Here, CI = investment cost ($ per hour per failure), CR = system repair cost,
 λ = system failure rate
(failures/op erating hour), g hours.
t = operatin

a. Assume that CI, CR, and t are con stants. Derive a n expression for λ, say λ∗, th at optimizes C. (2.3)
b. Does th e equation in Part (a) corre spond to a maxi mum or minimum value of C ? Show all work to suppo
c. What tra de-off is being made in thi s problem?
JAWAB

a) Dengan asumsi hal-hal lain tetap konstan, dapatkan ekspresi

untuk itu mengoptimalkan C. Untuk itu, turunkan ekspresi
yang diberikan sehubungan dengan λ :

Dengan mempertimbangkan akar positifnya saja, maka :

b) Untuk mengetahui apakah persamaan yang diturunkan sesuai dengan maksimum atau
m ambillah turunan orde kedua dari ekspresi tersebut sehubungan dengan λ :

Jika nilai dari λ negatif, maka turunan orde dua menjadi negatif dan persamaan pada
bag sesuai dengan maksimum. Demikian pula, jika nilai dari λ positif, maka turunan
orde du menjadi positif dan persamaan pada bagian (a) sesuai dengan minimum

c) Trade-off berarti mendapatkan lebih dari satu hal, seseorang harus mengurangi konsums
 atas hal lain. Dalam hal ini, untuk menurunkan biaya siklus hidup sistem, maka tingkat
kegagalan yang harus ditingkatkan

2-32. An automobile dealership offers to fill the four tires of your new car with 100% nitrogen for a cost of $ filled
tires run cooler than those filled with compressed air, and they advertise that nitrogen extends tire mil each and are
guaranteed to get 50,000 miles (filled with air) before they require replacement, is the dealer

JAWAB

biaya 4 ban mobil 20 dollar

biaya 1 ban mobil 5 dollar

Nitrogen akan memperpanjang umur ban 25%

biaya ban baru 50 dollar
perjalanan 50000 dollar

perpanjangan perjalanan 50000 dikali 125% =

yang diharapkan

tambahan perpanjangan jarak tempuh saat diisi nitrogen

manfaat pengisian nitrogen= (tambahan perpanjangan jarak / p

= 12.5 $

keuntungan pengisian nitrogen = manfaat pengisian nitrogen - biaya pengisian

= 7.5 $

keuntungan mengisi nitrogen 1 ban 7.5 $

keuntungan mengisi nitrogen 4 ban 30 $

Jadi tawaran dealer ini sangatlah bagus

2-33. In the design of an automobile radiator, an engineer has a choice of using either a brass– copper allo material
provides the same service. However, the brass– copper alloy casting weighs 25 pounds, compare Every pound of
extra weight in the automobile has been assigned a penalty of $6 to account for increased the car. The brass–copper
alloy casting costs $3.35 per pound, whereas the plastic molding costs $7.40 p are $6.00 for the brass–copper alloy.
Which material should the engineer select, and what is the difference

JAWAB

Paduan kuningan tembaga atau cetak plastik

kuningan tembaga cetakan plastik
berat 25 pon 20 pon
biaya/pon $3.35 $7.40
biaya total $83.75 $148.00
penalti $30
 biaya mesin $6
total biaya $119.75 $148.00

2-37. The speed of your automobile has a huge effect on fuel consumption. Traveling at 65 miles per hour almost
20% more fuel. As a general rule, for every mile per hour over 55, you lose 2% in fuel economy. Fo miles per gallon
at 55 mph, the fuel consumption is 21 miles per gallon at 70 If you take a 400-mile trip and than the posted speed
limit of 70 mph, what is the extra cost of fuel if gasoline costs $4.00 per gallon? You 60 mph. (2.4)

JAWAB

a) Jika
melakuka
n
perjalana
n 400 mil b) Jika melakukan
Kecepata perjalanan 30 mil per

n rata- gallon (mpg)

rata : 80 Kecepatan rata-rata :
mph 60 mil per jam
(mph)

* mengendari dengan batas kecepatan yang ditetapkan 70 mil per jam (mph)
*Harga bahan bakar : $ 4 per gallon (mpg)
*Penghematan bahan bakar yang hilang 2%

u ngan yang tidak melebihi batas kecepa

Effesiensi bahan bakar
= Perjalanan (b) x (keceptan ketetapan – kecepa
=30 x10 x2%
= 6 mpg

ah bahan bakar jika melakukan perjalanan 40

= (Jumlah bahan bakar)/(effesiensi bahan bakar)
= 66.67 galon

Biaya bahan bakar

= jumlah bahan bakar x harga
= 66,67 x $ 4

Biaya waktu
= 400/70
= 5.71 hrs
h itungan yang melebihi batas kecepatan
Effisiensi Bahan Bakar
= Perjalanan (a) x (keceptan ketetapan – kecepa
= 30 x (80 – 60) x 2%
= 30 x 20 x 2%
= 12 mpg

ah bahan bakar jika melakukan perjalanan 40

= jumlah bahan bakar/effisiensi bahan bakar
= 400/12
=33.34 galon

Biaya Bahan Bakar

= jumlah bahan bakar x harga
= 33,34 x $ 4
= $ 133,36

Biaya waktu
= 400/80
=5 Hrs

2-42. One method for developing a mine containing an estimated 100,000 tons of ore will result in the reco and will
cost $23 per ton of material removed. A second method of development will recover only 50% of t per ton of material
removed. Subsequent processing of the removed ore recovers 300 pounds of metal fro
$40 per ton of ore processed. The recovered metal can be sold for $0.80 per pound. Which method for de objective is
to maximize total profit from the mine? (2.4)

JAWAB

Asumsi : dapat menjual semua logam

Metode 1
Pemuliha = 0,62 x 100.000 ton = 62.000 ton
Biaya = 62.000 ton x $ 23/ton = $ 1.426.000
pen
Biaya = 62.000 ton x $ 40/ton = $ 2.480.000 bs
pem
Pemuliha = 300 lbs/ton x 62.000 t = 18.600.000 l

Keuntungan = pendapatan – biaya

= $ 14.880.000 – ($ 1.426.000 + $ 2.480.000 )
Catatan : lbs/lb = pon
 = $ 10.974.000

Metode 2
Pemuliha = 0,5 x 100.000 ton = 50.000 ton
Biaya = 50.000 ton x $ 15/ton = $ 750.000
pen
Biaya = 50.000 ton x $ 40/ton = $ 2.000.000
pem bs
Pemuliha = 300 lbs/ton x 50.000 t = 15.000.000 l

Keuntungan = pendapatan – biaya

= $ 12.000.000 – ($ 750.000 + $ 2.000.000 )
= $ 9.250.000

Jadi untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan total

yang diperoleh dari tambang menggunakan
metode 1
 hane gas from cow manure (don’t worry,
utomobile can be propelled 15 miles per n
estimated cost of $5 (this is the

nual cost?
the cost of gasoline is $3.00 per gallon?

il menggunakan gasoline

obile engines. The relationship between

: D = (2,000 − p)/0.10. What is the
red? (2.2)
and is where p is the price per unit in
,000 per month and the variable cost

perunit
perbulan

$1000 + 40D

diproduksi dan dijual

untuk an keuntungan
maksimum

unit
(Asumsi dua kali lipat)

($60/pon x $36000)
an

kan dikeluarkan.

erry dapat
a setiap tahun, a
Jerry membeli

aining in popularity is E85,

ur dependency on foreign oil.
10% less miles per gallon
he E85-fueled car will average e
E85 fuel have to cost Gasoline
costs $3.89
han bakar bensin yang digunakan
an bakar bensin per gallon ]

arga bensin konvensional,

om the pipe per meter n

variable. (2.3)
a akan
e-off dasar

d by designing a more reliable system. e:

 rt your answer.

inimum,

ian (a)
a

inya
 20. The dealership claims that nitrogen-
eage (life) by 25%. If new tires cost $50
ship’s offer a good deal? (2.4)

62500 mil

12500 mil

erpanjangan jarak) * harga

y casting or a plastic molding. Either

d with 20 pounds for the plastic molding.
fuel consumption during the life cycle of er
pound. Machining costs per casting
in unit costs? (2.4)
(mph) instead of 55 mph can consume r example, if your automobile gets 30 your average speed is 80 mph rather
r car gets 30 miles per gallon (mpg) at
very of 62% of the available ore deposit he ore deposit, but it will cost only $15 m each ton of processed ore and costs veloping the mine s