Map Reproduction in Digital Environment

• Maps are created digitally using Geographic Information System (GIS)

software.
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• GIS allows for the integration of various spatial data layers, such as satellite
imagery, topography, and thematic information.
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• A Digital Landscape Model (DLM) as a digital representation of the physical

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features and characteristics of a landscape is prepared as a detailed and

accurate digital model of the Earth's surface with the following key
information:
• Administrative Boundary
• Elevation Data: DEM/contours
• Land Cover and Land Use
• Hydrography
• Transportation Networks
• Settlements
• Geographic Names
• Cultural Features
• Utilities and Infrastructure
• Facilities and Services
 Digital Cartographic Model
• A Digital Cartographic Model refers to a digital representation of cartographic
information, emphasizing the design and presentation aspects of maps.
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• This model is focused on the organization, visualization, and communication of

spatial data in a cartographic context.
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• Components of a Digital Cartographic Model include:

• Map Design Elements: such as symbols, colors, and labels to effectively communicate
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information on a map.
• Data Representation: vector or raster data depending on the context.
• Projection and Coordinate Systems
• Scale and Generalization
• Interactive Features to explore maps dynamically
• Web Mapping and GIS Integration for creating dynamic, interactive maps that can be shared
online.
• Thematic Mapping to create thematic maps that visually represent specific themes
• Print and/or Digital Output: Consideration is given to the output medium, whether it be print
or digital.
• Digital Cartographic Models should be adaptable to different devices and screen sizes.
• Layout of the maps to be reproduced or shared via www.
 Print and nonprint Reproduction
• Print Reproduction • Nonprint Reproduction
• Digital Maps:
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• Through Plotters/printers • formats:

• Inkjet, • Raster
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• GeoTIFF
• Laser • JPEG
• Through Printing press. • PNG
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• GIF etc.
• Plate making • PDF / E-books
• Vector
• Color separation and plate making • Shapefile (.shp)
• Six separate plates for six color map • Keyhole Markup Language (.kml, .kmz) etc.
• Software specific formats
• CTP
• Media:
• Four CMYK plates for any color map • CD-ROM
•
• Printing •
DVD-ROM
USB Flash Drives
• Offset press • External Hard Drives
• Web Maps
• Static /Dynamic
• Interactive/Non Interactive
• Maps in mobile applications
 Color in Reproduction
• Pigment colors and light colors are two different ways of representing
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and perceiving colors,

• They are based on subtractive and additive color models.
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• Understanding the differences between pigment colors and light colors

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is crucial in graphic design, printing, and visual arts.

• The choice between additive and subtractive color models depends on
the medium and technology being used.
• Pigment colors are used in physical materials like paints, inks, and dyes.
• The colors are created by subtracting (absorbing) certain wavelengths of light,
leaving only the reflected or transmitted colors.
• Light colors are associated with the colors of emitted light.
• This model is additive, meaning that colors are created by combining different
colors of light.
 Color in Reproduction
• Additive Color Model:
• Primary Light Colors:
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• Red (R): Reflects red light, absorbs blue and green.

• Green (G): Reflects green light, absorbs blue and red.
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• Blue (B) Reflects blue light, absorbs red and green.

• Secondary Light Colors:
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• Yellow: Red + Green

• Magenta: Red + Blue
• Cyan: Green + Blue
• White: Red + Green + Blue
• Applications:
• Additive colors are used in electronic displays such as computer monitors, television
screens, and LED displays.
• RGB (Red, Green, Blue) is a common additive color model used in digital imaging and
electronic displays.
• Color Mixing:
• When light colors are combined, the colors add up, and the result tends to be brighter. In
additive color mixing, combining all primary colors of light (red, green, and blue)
produces white light.
 Color in Reproduction
• Subtractive Color Model:
• Primary Pigment Colors:
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• Cyan(C): Absorbs red light, reflects blue and green.

• Magenta(M): Absorbs green light, reflects red and blue.
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• Yellow(Y): Absorbs blue light, reflects red and green.

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• Secondary Pigment Colors:

• Red: Magenta + Yellow
• Green: Cyan + Yellow
• Blue: Cyan + Magenta
• Black(K): Cyan + Magenta + Yellow (but not perfect that is why CMYK is used)
• Applications:
• Pigment colors are used in color printing (such as CMYK inks in offset printing).
• They are used in painting, coloring materials, and other physical applications where
colors are applied to surfaces.
• Color Mixing:
• When pigment colors are mixed, each color absorbs certain wavelengths, and the resulting
color is determined by the combination of reflected or transmitted light.
 Map Reproduction
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