ECUACIONES GENERALES

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓

Ecuación de los gases ideales: 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 Ecuación de estado: =
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓

Primer Ley de la termodinámica: ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑄𝑄 − 𝑊𝑊 ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇

Procesos politrópicos: Variación en la entropía del gas ideal

𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖
𝑛𝑛 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� 𝑓𝑓�𝑃𝑃 � 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓
𝑖𝑖
=� � 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 ∆𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � � + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � �
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� �𝑉𝑉 � 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖
𝑓𝑓

𝑇𝑇
𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖
𝑛𝑛−1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� 𝑓𝑓�𝑇𝑇 � 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓
𝑖𝑖
=� � 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑉𝑉 +1 ∆𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � � − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � �
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� 𝑖𝑖�𝑉𝑉 � 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖
𝑓𝑓

𝑛𝑛−1
𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 1 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓
=� � 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 +1 ∆𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � � + 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � �
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� �𝑇𝑇 � 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖
1− 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙� �𝑃𝑃 �
𝑖𝑖

𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎 −𝑄𝑄𝑐𝑐 𝑄𝑄𝑐𝑐

Segunda Ley de la termodinámica: ∆𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓 = Rendimiento de un ciclo: 𝑟𝑟 = = =1−
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎

𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Rendimiento rc del ciclo de Carnot: 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 1 − = 1 − 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐
𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

ECUACIONES PARTICULARES

Proceso n Q (kJ) W(kJ) ∆𝑼𝑼 (𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌) Variables

𝑷𝑷𝒊𝒊 = 𝑷𝑷𝒇𝒇 0 𝑊𝑊 = 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 ∆𝑉𝑉 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆𝑇𝑇 ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇
𝑻𝑻𝒊𝒊 = 𝑻𝑻𝒇𝒇 1 Q=W 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 ∆𝑈𝑈 = 0 P= Presión (Pa)
𝑊𝑊 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 T= Temperatura (K)
𝑊𝑊 = 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 ∆𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖−𝑓𝑓
𝑽𝑽𝒊𝒊 = 𝑽𝑽𝒇𝒇 +∞ 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇 W=0 ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇 V= Volumen
𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝
Q=0 𝑘𝑘 = Q=0 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 − 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 ; 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 = Calor específico a presión o
𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 𝑊𝑊 = volumen constante (𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑺𝑺𝒊𝒊 = 𝑺𝑺𝒇𝒇
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
k=1.4 gases 1 − 𝑛𝑛 )

diatomicos 𝑊𝑊 = −𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 ∆𝑇𝑇

n>1 Pa=N/m3=J/m3

c=Cv/m
P=constante T=constante

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 > 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓

𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 < 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 < 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 > 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 < 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 < 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 > 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 > 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓

V=constante Q=constante

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 < 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 > 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓

𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 > 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 < 𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 < 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 > 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 < 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖 > 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 > 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 < 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓