S Tay Paraphrasing Writing Task 2 (Full Version)

MỤC LỤC
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU .................................................................................... 7

5 CÁCH PARAPHRASE HIỆU QUẢ ................................................................................... 8
TOPIC 1: ANIMAL ............................................................................................................... 10
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................... 10
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 11
1. Animal Extinction ........................................................................................................... 11
2. Domestication ................................................................................................................. 11
3. Experiments on Animals .................................................................................................. 11
4. The Importance of Zoos ................................................................................................... 11
5. Declining Animals ........................................................................................................... 12
TOPIC 2: ART ....................................................................................................................... 14
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 15
1. Public Art ........................................................................................................................ 15
2. Museums and Art Galleries ............................................................................................. 15
3. Government Support for Artists ...................................................................................... 15
4. The Role of Art in Society ................................................................................................ 15
5. Teaching Art to Children ................................................................................................. 16
TOPIC 3: BUSINESSES ....................................................................................................... 18
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 19
1. Social Responsibility ....................................................................................................... 19
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses ......................................................................... 19
3. Climate Change and Business ......................................................................................... 19
4. Marketing Strategy .......................................................................................................... 19
5. Advertising New Products ............................................................................................... 20
TOPIC 4: EDUCATION ....................................................................................................... 22
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 23
1. Free access to university ................................................................................................. 23
2. Mandatory education ...................................................................................................... 23
3. Horticulture and domestication....................................................................................... 23
4. Purpose of education ....................................................................................................... 23
5. Food science .................................................................................................................... 24
TOPIC 5: ENTERTAINMENT ............................................................................................ 26
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 27
1. Watching Live Events ...................................................................................................... 27
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone ...................................................................................... 27
3. Dangerous Sports ............................................................................................................ 27
4. Impacts Of Video Games ................................................................................................. 27
5. Making Films ................................................................................................................... 28
TOPIC 6: ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................. 30
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 31
1. Plastic Bags ..................................................................................................................... 31
2. Marine Natural Habitats ................................................................................................. 31
3. Car-Free Days ................................................................................................................. 31
4. Overpopulation In Cities ................................................................................................. 31
5. Nuclear Power ................................................................................................................. 32
TOPIC 7: HEALTH .............................................................................................................. 34
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 35
1. Public Health Promotion................................................................................................. 35
2. Private Health Services ................................................................................................... 35
3. Healthy Lifestyle .............................................................................................................. 35
4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink ...................................................................................... 35
5. Physical Activities in School ........................................................................................... 36
TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................ 38
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 39
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills .............................................................................. 39
2. Learning Languages and Customs .................................................................................. 39
3. An International Language ............................................................................................. 39
4. Golden Age of Learning Language ................................................................................. 39
5. The Prevalence of English ............................................................................................... 40
TOPIC 9: LAW AND ORDER ............................................................................................. 42
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 43
1. Law and Order in Society ................................................................................................ 43
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials ........................................................................................... 43
3. Long-term Prison Sentences ............................................................................................ 43
4. Juvenile Delinquency ..................................................................................................... 43
5. Gun License .................................................................................................................... 44
TOPIC 10: PSYCHOLOGY ................................................................................................. 46
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 47
1. Job Satisfaction ............................................................................................................... 47
2. Changes ........................................................................................................................... 47
3. Definition of Success ....................................................................................................... 47
4. Stress in Society ............................................................................................................... 47
5. Colour and Emotion ........................................................................................................ 48
TOPIC 11: PSYCHOLOGY ................................................................................................. 49
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 52
1. The Meaning behind Traditions ...................................................................................... 52
2. Full time working women ................................................................................................ 52
3. Economic Development and Social Values ..................................................................... 52
4. Financial or Practical Aids ............................................................................................. 52
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society .................................................................................... 53
6. Relocation To the Cities .................................................................................................. 53
7. Perfect Society ................................................................................................................. 53
8. The importance of history................................................................................................ 53
9. The demolition of old buildings ....................................................................................... 54
TOPIC 12: SPACE ................................................................................................................ 55
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 56
1. Expenditure on space exploration ................................................................................... 56
2. Spending tax on space exploration .................................................................................. 56
3. Life on other planets ........................................................................................................ 56
4. Space tourism .................................................................................................................. 56
TOPIC 13: SPORTS .............................................................................................................. 58
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 60
1. Sports and marketing....................................................................................................... 60
2. Sportspeople as role models ............................................................................................ 60
3. Obesity in population ...................................................................................................... 60
4. Banning of violent sports ................................................................................................. 60
5. Role of sports in society................................................................................................... 61
6. Cities and exercise........................................................................................................... 61
7. Sports facilities ................................................................................................................ 61
TOPIC 14: TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................ 63
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 64
1. The Internet and school ................................................................................................... 64
2. Self-driving cars .............................................................................................................. 64
3. Artificial intelligence ....................................................................................................... 64
4. Modern electronics .......................................................................................................... 64
5. Technology and communication ...................................................................................... 65
TOPIC 15: TOURISM .......................................................................................................... 67
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 68
1. Travel through media ...................................................................................................... 68
2. Traveling to remote places .............................................................................................. 68
3. Following local customs .................................................................................................. 68
4. Protecting local culture ................................................................................................... 68
5. Tourism expansion .......................................................................................................... 69
TOPIC 16: WORK ................................................................................................................ 71
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 73
1. Choosing a career ........................................................................................................... 73
2. Interviews ........................................................................................................................ 73
3. Societal contributions ...................................................................................................... 73
4. Part-time jobs .................................................................................................................. 73
5. Job mobility ..................................................................................................................... 74
TOPIC 17: EXTREMETLY HARD QUESTIONS ............................................................ 77
PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................... 78
1. One world government .................................................................................................... 78
2. Competitiveness between men and women ...................................................................... 78
3. Crime and human nature ................................................................................................. 78
4. Single-sex or mixed education ......................................................................................... 78
5. Present or future orientation ........................................................................................... 79
6. An egalitarian society ...................................................................................................... 79
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU
Tài liệu này sẽ cung cấp 5 cách hướng dẫn Paraphrase phổ biến và ví dụ cho 95 đề bài
IELTS Writing Task 2 trong kho ý tưởng với các đề được chia thành 17 Topics (16
Topics hay gặp và 1 Topic về các đề khó).
Trong mỗi đề sẽ có 2 phần, với các thông tin cụ thể như sau:
Phần 1: PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Phần này sẽ bao gồm đề bài gốc trong đề thi Ielts. Các bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng việc đọc
danh sách này để chọn đề mình muốn xem và chuyển qua phần 2 nhé.
Phần 2: PARAPHRASING
Phần thứ hai này sẽ bao gồm 2 cách paraphrase cho đề bài cụ thể, đã được chữa bởi cựu
giám khảo Ex-examiner.
Cách học:
Bước 1: Các bạn sử dụng mục lục để lựa chọn topic mà mình muốn xem trong tổng
cộng 17 topic.
Bước 2: Các bạn lựa chọn đề bài mình muốn xem trong topic đó bằng cách đọc danh
sách đề trong phần “Practice Questions”.
Bước 3: Các bạn sang trang tiếp theo để tham khảo cách paraphrase cho mỗi đề. Có 2
cách khác nhau để giúp các bạn dễ dàng paraphrase lại đề bài.
5 CÁCH PARAPHRASE HIỆU QUẢ
1. Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa
Đây là cách các bạn dùng những từ vựng khác nhau với cùng một nghĩa –
‘synonyms’ (từ đồng nghĩa). Đây là phương pháp paraphrase hay được áp dụng
nhất, nhưng cũng là phương pháp tương đối khó vì các bạn phải thực sự hiểu
nghĩa của từ. Không phải lúc nào các từ được coi là “synonym” cũng được dùng
thay thế cho nhau. Mình cần xem xét để áp dụng đúng ngữ cảnh của bài.
Ví dụ: Students need to concentrate more in class
➜ Students need to pay more attention in class
2. Thay đổi trật tự từ trong câu
Đây là 1 cách tương đối đơn giản, ta chỉ cần đổi vế sau ra đằng trước, vế trước
xuống phía sau là xong. Đôi khi mình cần thêm hoặc thay đổi từ liên kết 2 vế
cho phù hợp. Đây là 1 cách paraphrase trình độ thấp, vì vậy các bạn nên kết hợp
thêm đồng nghĩa để câu hay hơn nhé.
Ví dụ: Professional sports people are often idolized by young children;
therefore, they have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for
children.
➜ Professional sports people have a responsibility to be good role models at
all times for children because they are often idolized by young children.
3. Chuyển từ câu chủ động thành bị động và ngược lại
Câu bị động hay được sử dụng trong văn bản mang tính trang trọng và học thuật
và vì vậy ta có thể sử dụng triệt để cấu trúc câu này trong bài thi IELTS Writing.
Ví dụ: The government invested $10 million in the construction of hospitals.
➜ $10 million was invested in the construction of hospitals.
4. Biến đổi dạng từ
Một từ có thể đưa ra thành rất nhiều dạng bao gồm động từ, danh từ, tính từ và
trạng từ. Thay đổi dạng của từ sẽ giúp chúng ta paraphrase một cách hiệu quả.
Ngoài ra chúng ta cũng cần phải cân nhắc các yếu tố khác trong câu bao để câu
được đúng về cả mặt ngữ pháp và nghĩa.
Ví dụ: This adversely affects human life.
➜ This has an adverse impact on human life.
Câu trên chúng ta đổi thể loại từ: adversely (trạng từ) thành adverse (tính từ).
5. Dùng chủ ngữ giả
Đây là dạng câu bắt đầu bằng “it”, nhấn mạnh thông tin trong câu:
Ví dụ: Many people keep dogs and cats as companions.
➜ It is becoming increasingly common for individuals to have cats and dogs as
home companions
TOPIC 1: ANIMAL
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Animal Extinction
It is a natural process for animal species such as dinosaurs and dodos to become
extinct.There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Domestication
Many people keep dogs and cats as companions.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved
andfor the community as a whole.
3. Experiments on Animals
Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test
the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be
banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in
favour of thembecause of their benefits to humanity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4. The Importance of Zoos

Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others however
believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Declining Animals
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.
Why do you think this is happening? How can this issue be solved?
PARAPHRASING
extinct. There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
Paraphrase 1: Some would argue that extinction is a naturally occurring process and
there is no justification to intervene in its existence.
Paraphrase 2: It is often argued that the extinction of animal species like dinosaurs and
various prehistoric mammals is a natural occurrence and therefore humans should not
attempt to impede it from happening
2. Domestication
and for the community as a whole.
Paraphrase 1: The tendency to keep cats and dogs as pet companions is growing in
popularity.
Paraphrase 2: It is becoming increasingly common for individuals to have cats and dogs
as home companions, a trend with both positive and negative implications.
favour of them because of their benefits to humanity.
Paraphrase 1: Animal trials are now frequently employed in the creation and evaluation
of novel pharmaceuticals and other items. Some think that these studies should be
prohibited because it is immoral to inflict pain on another living being, while others
advocate the practice given the practical advantages for humanity.
Paraphrase 2: Nowadays, animal testing is frequently utilized to create new
medications and determine the safety of other items. Some concerned critics contend
that animal suffering should be prohibited in all contexts, while others support these
tests because of the practical research applications they make possible.

Paraphrase 1: It is sometimes argued that zoos should be prohibited as they are
fundamentally inhumane. However, others contend that zoos aid crucial preservation
efforts and are therefore justifiable.
Paraphrase 2: Some believe that all zoos are cruel and ought to be banned. Proponents,
however, resist this contention as zoos often aid in the preservation of endangered
animals.
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.
Why do you think this is happening?
How can this issue be solved?
Paraphrase 1: In many parts of the world, flora and fauna populations are falling.
Paraphrase 2: The number of animals and plants is on the decline in many nations
around the world.
TOPIC 2: ART
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
extinct. There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
2. Domestication
and for the community as a whole.
favour of them because of their benefits to humanity.

In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining. Why do you think
this is happening?
How can this issue be solved?
PARAPHRASING
1. Public Art
Some people believe that the government should spend more money putting in more
works of art like paintings and statues in cities to make them better places to live in.
To what extent do you agree?
Paraphrase 1: It is sometimes argued that a state budget should strive for greater
allocations for artwork such as paintings and sculptures in urban areas to make these
locales more desirable.
Paraphrase 2: Some would argue that cities should include more public art installations,
including sculptures and paintings, to improve quality of life for residents.
2. Museums and Art Galleries

Museums and art galleries should concentrate on local works rather than showing
the cultures or artworks from other countries.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: Instead of displaying the culture or artwork of other nations, museums
and art galleries should prioritize local works.
Paraphrase 2: It is better for museums and art galleries to focus on local art rather than
showcasing foreign cultural achievements.
3. Government Support for Artists

Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists
such as painters and musicians. Others believe that artists should be funded by
alternative sources.
Paraphrase 1: Some individuals believe that governments should provide financial
assistance to creatives such as painters and musicians. Others argue that alternative
funding should be utilized to support artists.
Paraphrase 2: Some argue that governments should financially support creative artists
such as painters and musicians. Others believe that artists should be supported by other
means.
4. The Role of Art in Society

Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However,
these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science,
technology, and business.
Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take
interest in the arts?
Paraphrase 1: Art is regarded as an essential component of cultures around the world.
However, fewer and fewer people appreciate art these days, with more focus now on
science, technology, and business.
Paraphrase 2: Art is a crucial element of all cultures. However, fewer people appreciate
art these days, preferring to value science, technology, and economics.
5. Teaching Art to Children

Art is considered an important part of society as well as an expression of its culture.
Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children
should be encouraged to focus on arts rather than other subjects?
Paraphrase 1: Art is typically regarded as a crucial element of both society and culture.
Paraphrase 2: Art plays an instrumental role in both community and the creative
expression of culture.
TOPIC 3: BUSINESSES
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Businesses Social Responsibility
As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational
companies. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Climate Change and Business

Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel
they are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result,
people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are
new in some way.
Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
PARAPHRASING
1. Social Responsibility
As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society.
Paraphrase 1: Businesses possess societal responsibilities in addition to their financial
ones.
Paraphrase 2: In addition to generating profits, companies have social responsibilities.
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational
companies.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: These days, small businesses are being absorbed by or supplanted by large
multinational corporations.
Paraphrase 2: Small companies are increasingly being displaced by large multinational
firms.
3. Climate Change and Business

Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel
they are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
Paraphrase 1: While some interested parties argue that climate change initiatives will
pose a detrimental impact on business, others insist that they present economic
opportunity.
Paraphrase 2: There has been a topic of interest whether businesses can be negatively
affected by projects tackling climate change or they can seize a favorable chance in this
case.
Paraphrase 3: Given the current climate change situation, many today are debating
whether businesses will be negatively or positively impacted by environmental reform
efforts.
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result,
people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
Paraphrase 1: Major corporations spend large sums for marketing and promotion of
various projects in order to guarantee greater public interests.
Paraphrase 2: It is believed that large corporations often allocate a significant proportion
of their operating budgets for marketing and promotional campaigns that can garner
publicity and reach a wide potential customer base.
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasize that their products are
new in some way.
Why is this? What are the problems?
Paraphrase 1: Private companies often put an emphasis on the fact that their products
contain novel elements in their promotional campaigns.
Paraphrase 2: It is true that these days businesses increasingly highlight the novel nature
of their products in advertising campaigns.
TOPIC 4: EDUCATION
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Free access to university
Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education
and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be helping the individual to
become useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve
their ambitions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
5. Food science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
PARAPHRASING
1. Free access to university
Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education
and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
Paraphrase 1: Some would argue that every person is entitled to pursue higher
education, therefore, the authorities pay tuition fees for students of all financial
backgrounds.
Paraphrase 2: Many have made the argument that tertiary education should be a human
right guaranteed by the waiving of tuition fees for all students regardless of
socioeconomic status
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time
education.
Paraphrase 1: Many today contend that children under the age of 18 should be given a
full-time course of study.
Paraphrase 2: Some people argue that children under 18 years old should be obligated
to pursue a full-time education at school.
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Paraphrase 1: Some people today advocate primary students learning how to cultivate
vegetables and raise animals on farms.
Paraphrase 2: It is advisable that agricultural activities such as growing vegetables and
raising animals should be taught to primary children.
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be to help the individual to
become useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve
their ambitions.
Paraphrase 1: While some people believe that education should aspire to make people
productive members of society, others argue that it should assist individuals in attaining
their own personal goals.
Paraphrase 2: While many argue that the purpose of education is to enable people to
make a significant contribution to the community, opponents contend that schooling is
to better prepare individuals to accomplish personal aspirations.
5. Food science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Paraphrase 1: While some believe that students should actively acquire knowledge
related to food science and meal preparation, others argue that they should prioritize the
study of core subjects at school.
Paraphrase 2: There have been recent calls for students to learn about food science and
meal preparation rather than focus on their essential school subjects.
TOPIC 5: ENTERTAINMENT
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Watching Live Events
Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more
enjoyable than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programmes alone rather than with other
people.
Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
4. Impacts Of Video Games

Today many children spend a lot of time playing video games and little time on sports.
What are negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to
minimize the bad effects?
5. Independent Filmmakers
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make
a film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
PARAPHRASING
1. Watching Live Events
Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more
enjoyable than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Paraphrase 1: Participating in live events such as plays, music concerts or sporting
events is more pleasurable than viewing similar performances on television.
Paraphrase 2: Attending a live show such as a play, concert or sporting event can
engender greater pleasures than watching these televised performances.
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programs alone rather than with other
people.
Paraphrase 1: In the modern era, many people prefer watching televised programs alone
to watching them in groups.
Paraphrase 2: These days, many are inclined to watch television programs solely instead
of with the companionship of others.
3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have the freedom to do any sports or activity.
Paraphrase 1: While many believe that the authorities should prohibit extreme sports,
opponents argue that players ought to be entitled to freely participate in any sports
activities they choose.
Paraphrase 2: Given the dangerous nature of extreme sports, many today are debating
whether they should be banned or permitted by the state.
4. Impacts Of Video Games

Today many children spend a lot of time playing video games and little time on sports.
What are the negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to
minimize the bad effects?
Paraphrase 1: These days, a significant number of children spend most of their time
playing computer games and rarely engage in sports activities.
Paraphrase 2: In the modern age, children are so engrossed in playing computer games
that they spend a minority of their time participating in sports activities.
5. Making Films
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make
a film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
Paraphrase 1: In the past, large corporations produced movies, however, now the
average individual has greater opportunity to become a professional filmmaker
Paraphrase 2: The production of movies used to be almost solely the prerogative of
major film studios, however, individuals can today also produce their own movies.
TOPIC 6: ENVIRONMENT
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Plastic Bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Some
people say they should be banned.
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce the
air pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more
effective Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger.
What is your opinion?
PARAPHRASING
1. Plastic Bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems.
Some people say they should be banned.
Paraphrase 1: The widespread utilization of plastic bags in supermarkets and shops
leads to numerous environmental issues, therefore, this policy should be prohibited.
Paraphrase 2: It is often argued that there should be a prohibition against plastic
shopping bags since their widespread use contributes to environmental deterioration.
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: These days, it is a feasible option to relocate marine species from their
native habitats to amusement parks for the enjoyment of visitors.
Paraphrase 2: Corporations and research groups are now able to relocate aquatic animals
from their natural surroundings to recreational parks for entertainment purposes.
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce air
pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more
effective.
Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
Paraphrase 1: While international free-car days can be regarded as a useful approach to
mitigate air pollution concerns, there are alternative remedies that would be more
effective.
Paraphrase 2: Although some argue air pollution is best alleviated through international
free-car days, many critics counter that there are more viable solutions for this
problem.
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
Paraphrase 1: Overcrowding in cities has induced various issues.
Paraphrase 2: A number of issues in recent years have been caused by urban
overpopulation.
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming a more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth in danger.
What is your opinion?
Paraphrase 1: Nuclear energy is becoming increasingly popular as a source of energy,
however, some would argue this technology endangers life on Earth.
Paraphrase 2: Although nuclear power is a common source of energy, some contend
that it poses a significant risk to various life forms.
TOPIC 7: HEALTH
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Public Health Promotion
It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order
to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service
should not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
5. Physical Activities in School

The amount of time spend on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in
order tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can
you suggest?
PARAPHRASING
1. Public Health Promotion
It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order
to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
Paraphrase 1: Some would argue that public funds should be used on encouraging
healthy lifestyles rather than treating those who are already sick.
Paraphrase 2: Some people have proposed that a higher proportion of the national
budget should be allocated to raising awareness of healthy lifestyle habits instead of
treating the sick.
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service
should not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
Paraphrase 1: Since health is a fundamental human right, profit-driven businesses
should not have authority over providing medical care.
Paraphrase 2: Some contend that good health is a basic right of all citizens and,
therefore, healthcare systems should not be operated by profit-oriented enterprises.
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
Paraphrase 1: Some argue that the government ought to legislate regulations related to
citizens’ nutrition and food choice while others believe personal preferences is an
inalienable right.
Paraphrase 2: Some argue that individuals should be allowed to choose their own food
regardless of nutritional content while others contend that legislation should enforce
healthy eating habits.
4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
Paraphrase 1: The consumption of sugary drinks has increased in recent years
Paraphrase 2: Drinks with elevated levels of sugar are becoming increasingly popular
in recent decades
5. Physical Activities in School
The amount of time spent on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in
order to tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can
you suggest?
Paraphrase 1: It is often argued that more time should be allocated to physical activity
in schools to alleviate growing concerns around childhood obesity.
Paraphrase 2: To tackle issues concerning childhood obesity, schools should prioritize
classes related to physical fitness.
TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills
As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste
of time. To what extent do you agree?
2. Learning Languages and Customs

Some think that students must travel to another country in order to learn its language
and customs.
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language
at primary school rather than secondary school.
5. The Prevalence of English

The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
PARAPHRASING
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills
As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste
of time.
Paraphrase 1: Some argue that learning foreign languages is pointless due to the modern
possibility of accurate and speedy translation on computers.
Paraphrase 2: It is increasingly futile to become fluent in another language as computers
can now translate fast and precisely.
2. Learning Languages and Customs

Some think that students must travel to another country in order to learn its language
and customs.
Paraphrase 1: Many would argue that students must travel overseas to both acquire
knowledge of a foreign nation’s traditions and master that country’s language.
Paraphrase 2: Some maintain that in order to study a foreign country’s language and
cultural traditions, learners must visit the nation in question.
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
Paraphrase 1: Some are of the opinion that the world would benefit generally from the
development of a new language to facilitate global communication.
Paraphrase 2: Some maintain that it is necessary to create a new universal language with
a view to promoting ease of communication around the world.
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language
at primary school rather than secondary school.
Paraphrase 1: Some professionals hold the view that commencing the study of a foreign
language at primary school in lieu of secondary school will offer children more benefits.
Paraphrase 2: According to a number of linguistic and developmental experts, rather
than starting in secondary school, children should begin to learn a foreign language in
primary school.
5. The Prevalence of English
The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
Paraphrase 1: As the growth of tourism has furthered the pervasiveness of English on a
worldwide scale, some maintain that English will become the only language spoken in
the future.
Paraphrase 2: Some argue that global tourism has made English so important that it will
someday become the sole official language of all countries around the world.
TOPIC 9: LAW AND ORDER
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Law and Order in Society
Society is based on rules and laws. If individuals were free to do whatever they want
to do, it could not function.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement?
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

In some countries, some criminal trials are shown on the television and the general
public can watch them.
3. Long-term Prison Sentences

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison
sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing
crime.
4. Juvenile Delinquency
Currently, crimes committed by young people are on the increase.
What are the causes of this? What could be done to solve those problems?
5. Gun License
In some countries, it is legal for people to own military weapons when they have a
license.
How does this affect society?
PARAPHRASING
1. Law and Order in Society
Society is based on rules and laws. If individuals were free to do whatever they want
to do, it could not function.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement?
Paraphrase 1: It is a widely held viewpoint that regulations and rules form the
foundation of a given society. Thus, were individuals completely free to indulge in
whatever actions they wanted, society would cease to function.
Paraphrase 2: Laws and regulations are the foundation of a society. A nation could not
function properly if each person were permitted to act freely according to any given
impulse or desire.
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

In some countries, some criminal trials are shown on television and the general
public can watch them.
Paraphrase 1: Various criminal proceedings are broadcast on television channels in
certain nations, allowing for public access to the justice system.
Paraphrase 2: It is a common situation in particular countries for criminal prosecutions
to be aired on television for the benefit of the general public.
3. Long-term Prison Sentences

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences.
Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime.
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Paraphrase 1: Some would argue that the most effective measure to deter crime is to
apply longer sentences to offenses while others maintain that alternative solutions
should be implemented.
Paraphrase 2: Some people believe that extending prison terms is the most effective
strategy to lower crime rates. Others, however, contend that there are more viable
solutions.
4. Juvenile Delinquency
Currently, crimes committed by young people are on the increase.
What are the causes of this? What could be done to solve those problems?
Paraphrase 1: There has been a rise in juvenile delinquency rates recently.
Paraphrase 2: In recent years, incidences of juvenile crime have accelerated
significantly.
5. Gun License
In some countries, it is legal for people to own military weapons when they have a
license.
How does this affect society?
Paraphrase 1: In some nations, residents with a valid license are permitted to purchase
and own military weapons.
Paraphrase 2: In particular countries, it is possible for a citizen with a license to possess
a military weapon.
TOPIC 10: PSYCHOLOGY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Job Satisfaction
The most crucial factor of a person’s life is his or her time at the workplace, and life
becomes meaningless when there is no job satisfaction.
2. Changes
It is often considered that change is more beneficial to people than trying to avoid it
and have everything remain the same.
Do you think the advantages of change outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Definition of Success
Some people say that individuals who make a lot of money are most successful.
Others think that those who contribute to society like scientists and police officers are
the most successful.
Discuss both these views and give your opinions.
4. Stress in Today’s Society

Stress is now a major problem in many countries around the world.
What are some of the factors in modern society that cause this stress, and how can we
reduce it?
5. Colours and Emotion

Psychologists have known for many years that colour can affect how people feel. For
this reason, attention should begiven to colour schemes when decorating places such
as offices and hospitals.
How true is this statement? How far does colour influence people’s health and
capacity for work?
PARAPHRASING
1. Job Satisfaction
The most crucial factor of a person’s life is his or her time at the workplace, and life
becomes meaningless when there is no job satisfaction.
Paraphrase 1: Time at work is often regarded as the most essential part of an individual’s
life, and life loses value when one’s job is unsatisfying.
Paraphrase 2: It is an increasingly accepted view that the most important aspect of a
person’s life is their time spent working because without satisfaction through work,
individuals often feel a lack of meaning.
2. Changes
It is often considered that change is more beneficial to people than trying to avoid it
and have everything remain the same.
Do you think the advantages of change outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: Some would argue that it is more advantageous for each individual to
embrace, rather than resist, life changes.
Paraphrase 2: Many believe that accepting change benefits an individual and striving to
maintain a static lifestyle is disadvantageous overall.
3. Definition of Success
Some people say that individuals who make a lot of money are most successful. Others
think that those who contribute to society like scientists and police officers are the
most successful.
Discuss both these views and give your opinions.
Paraphrase 1: Some maintain that wealthy people are the most well-regarded individuals
in society while others contend that those who make significant public contributions
such as scientists and policemen are more successful overall.
Paraphrase 2: It is sometimes argued that the greatest examples of success are those
who earn the most money. However, others believe that people who make positive
contributions to the sustainable development of society such as scientists and law
enforcement officers are the most successful.
4. Stress in Society
Stress is now a major problem in many countries around the world.
What are some of the factors in modern society that cause this stress, and how can
we reduce it?
Paraphrase 1: One of the most significant modern issues that people from all over the
world are currently facing is stress.
Paraphrase 2: Stress is becoming an increasingly pressing problem in nations around
the world
5. Colour and Emotion

Psychologists have known for many years that colour can affect how people feel. For
this reason, attention should be given to colour schemes when decorating places such
as offices and hospitals.
How true is this statement? How far does colour influence people’s health and
capacity for work?
Paraphrase 1: According to psychologists, colour can impact one’s emotions. Therefore,
colour schemes should be taken into greater consideration when designing spaces like
offices and hospitals.
Paraphrase 2: Colour combination should be one of the top priorities when decorating
facilities like offices and hospitals as colour is believed by many psychologists to
influence individuals’ feelings significantly.
TOPIC 11: PSYCHOLOGY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. The Meaning behind Traditions
Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals;
during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
2. Fulltime working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of
household chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but
some important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important,
but others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a “throwaway society” where things are used
for a short time and thrown away.
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
6. Relocation To the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving
only old people in countryside.
What problems does this cause? What can be done to solve this problem?
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history
important to society?
9. The demolition of old buildings

In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to
modernize, old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
What are the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
PARAPHRASING
1. The Meaning behind Traditions
Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals;
during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
Paraphrase 1: The meaning of conventional and religious festivals has become less
relevant in recent years and many people consider these events merely an opportunity
to have fun.
Paraphrase 2: The significance of traditional and religious festivals has been neglected
in recent years and many individuals now simply consider them opportunities for
personal enjoyment.
2. Full time working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of
household chores.
Paraphrase 1: Household chores should be shared between men and women equally if
they have both secured full-time employment.
Paraphrase 2: When both males and females work full-time, household chores should
be equally divided between them.
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but
some important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: Many nations consider economic growth as the optimal method to
enhance a general citizenry’s living standards. However, such an approach can lead to
the loss of critical social values.
Paraphrase 2: Some countries focus on economic growth to advance citizens’ quality of
life, oftentimes to the potential detriment of other values.
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important,
but others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
Paraphrase 1: International organizations often provide less developed with assistance
for their future growth. Some believe that financial support is critical, while others argue
that practical subsidies and consultancy are more valuable.
Paraphrase 2: Less affluent nations are typically supported in their ambitions by various
international bodies. Some individuals maintain that monetary assistance is vital;
however, others believe that practical assistance and advice can achieve greater impact.
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a “throwaway society” where things are used
for a short time and thrown away.
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
Paraphrase 1: The throw away lifestyle is becoming increasingly popular in many
nations.
Paraphrase 2: In many countries, the rate of items being purchased and then thrown
away quickly afterwards is increasing.
6. Relocation To the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving
only old people in the countryside.
What problems does this cause? What can be done to solve this problem?
Paraphrase 1: Younger generations today are more likely to migrate to urban areas,
leading to more elderly people residing in rural areas.
Paraphrase 2: The number of younger people relocating to urban areas is increasing;
therefore, largely only senior citizens are now living in the countryside.
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the time fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
Paraphrase 1: The goal of a perfect society is an ambition that has not yet been achieved.
Paraphrase 2: The achievement of an ideal society is a goal that is difficult to achieve
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history
important to society?
Paraphrase 1: All cultures at some point detail their history, either through written or
oral records.
Paraphrase 2: Every culture has taken the step at some point in time of documenting
their history.
9. The demolition of old buildings
In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to modernize,
old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
What are the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages
Paraphrase 1: Many old buildings have been removed or supplanted so as to allow space
for more modern cities.
Paraphrase 2: To facilitate modernization in metropolitan areas, many new buildings
are constructed in favor of older structures that often occupy too much space
TOPIC 12: SPACE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Expenditure on Space Exploration
Some people think the money spent in developing the technology for space
exploration is not justified. There are more beneficial ways to spend this money.
2. Spending Tax on Space Exploration

Space exploration costs tax payers’ an exorbitant amount of money each year.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration?
3. Space Tourism
Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space
tourism could be developed in the future.
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
4. Space Tourism
PARAPHRASING
1. Expenditure on space exploration
Some people think the money spent in developing the technology for space
exploration is not justified. There are more beneficial ways to spend this money.
Paraphrase 1: The amount of money allocated for refining the technology required to
explore space is unnecessary as there are more crucial fields for investment.
Paraphrase 2: Some consider improving the technology associated with advanced space
exploration as a poor use of resources and therefore such funding should be allocated
to more pressing areas.
2. Spending tax on space exploration

Space exploration costs taxpayers an exorbitant amount of money each year.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration?
Paraphrase 1: The development of technologies related to space exploration constitutes
an overly large portion of government spending.
Paraphrase 2: The costs of space exploration for the public have become exorbitantly
high in recent years.
3. Life on other planets

Some scientists think that there are intelligent life forms on other planets and
messages should be sent to contact them. Other scientists think it is a bad idea and
would be dangerous.
Paraphrase 1: Some insist that there is extraterrestrial life on other planets and attempts
should be made to communicate with them. Others, however, assert that this is an ill-
conceived proposal due to its inherent risks.
Paraphrase 2: It is often argued that since there is extraterrestrial life on other planets,
humanity should strive to open channels of communication. However, the potential
downsides to such a venture are significant.
4. Space tourism
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Paraphrase 1: As it is now possible to travel to space, it is likely this advancement will
lead to space tourism in the near future.
Paraphrase 2: It has long been feasible to travel to space and, according to some, the
advent of widespread space tourism will be possible in the foreseeable future.
TOPIC 13: SPORTS
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Sports and Marketing

Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has
a negative impact on sports.
2. Sportspeople as Role Models

Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think
that they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for
children.
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Obesity in Population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport a
compulsory module on all degree courses.
4. Banning of Violent Sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts,
should be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
5. The Role of Sports In Society

Some people think that sports play an important role in society. Others think they are
nothing more than a leisure activity.
6. Cities and Exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise. What are
the causes of this?
What are some possible solutions?
7. Sports Facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
PARAPHRASING
1. Sports and marketing
Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it
has a negative impact on sports.
Paraphrase 1: Many major firms these days utilize sporting events to market their
products. However, some have argued that this practice has a less than desirable impact
on the sports themselves.
Paraphrase 2: Many corporations today advertise their products during sports events.
However, critics have argued that this practice engenders a detrimental effect on these
events.
2. Sportspeople as role models

Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think
that they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for
children.
Do you agree or disagree?
Paraphrase 1: These days, many children admire professional athletes. As such, some
insist these athletes have a public duty to be positive role models.
Paraphrase 2: Many young children today revere their favorite professional athletes.
Because of this, some maintain that athletes are responsible for setting a respectable
example for their fans.
3. Obesity in population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport
a compulsory module on all degree courses.
Paraphrase 1: As obesity rates rise, certain interested parties have proposed that
universities should make sports a required class for all courses of study.
Paraphrase 2: As obesity is becoming an increasingly alarming problem, it has been
suggested that universities should make sports a mandatory requirement for all degrees.
4. Banning of violent sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts,
should be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
Paraphrase 1: It is sometimes argued that particularly violent sports such as martial arts
should never be shown on television or never featured in global sports competitions.
Paraphrase 2: Some assert that particularly violent sports such as martial arts should be
prohibited from being broadcast on television and banned from various international
competitions.
5. Role of sports in society

Some people think that sports play an important role in society. Others think they are
nothing more than a leisure activity.
Paraphrase 1: Many would argue that sports are vital to the flourishing of society, while
others maintain they are merely a form of leisure.
Paraphrase 2: It has been argued that sports are an integral part to the functioning of
society. However, there are those who assert that they are just a form of casual
recreation.
6. Cities and exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes of this? What are some possible solutions?
Paraphrase 1: Nowadays, people living in urban areas often fail to do adequate exercise.
Paraphrase 2: In urban environments, it is becoming increasingly common for the
average resident to lack a regular exercise routine.
7. Sports facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
Paraphrase 1: In some nations, sports facilities are only open to professional athletes
and average citizens are not permitted entry.
Paraphrase 2: In certain nations, there are sports facilities financially supported by the
government which are only available for use by professional athletes and not the general
public.
TOPIC 14: TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. The Internet and School
Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so
much from the internet and be educated at home.
2. Self-Driving Cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Artificial Intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human
beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative
consequences.
4. Modern Electronics
Some old people today struggle with the use of modern technologies such as
smartphones and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
5. Technology and Communication

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has
this been a positive or negative development?
PARAPHRASING
1. The Internet and school
Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn
so much from the internet and be educated at home.
Paraphrase 1: Some have made the contention that schools are now redundant as
children can easily learn adequately on the Internet and through home-schooling.
Paraphrase 2: According to certain individuals, the advent of the Internet now enables
children to learn entirely from home rather than at school.
2. Self-driving cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: Some today have predicted that buses and trucks will be driverless and
all motorists will eventually be passengers.
Paraphrase 2: There is a possibility that in the foreseeable future, all automobiles will
contain automated driver features and therefore humans will simply be passengers.
3. Artificial intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than
human beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the
negative consequences.
Paraphrase 1: Many researchers today anticipate that computers will overtake human
intelligence levels in the foreseeable future. Some consider this to be a largely positive
possibility while others are concerned about the potential drawbacks.
Paraphrase 2: In the near future, some researchers have predicted that computers will
surpass human intelligence. Though some argue that this will be a beneficial step
forward in human civilization, others are uneasy about potential concomitant problems.
4. Modern electronics
Some old people today struggle with the use of modern technologies such as
smartphones and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
Paraphrase 1: Some elderly individuals today have difficulty understanding how to
effectively utilize the benefits of modern technology.
Paraphrase 2: Some older segments of the population these days must contend with the
challenges of using modern technologies such as computers and tablets.
5. Technology and communication
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make?
Has this been a positive or negative development?
Paraphrase 1: These days, social interaction has been completely revolutionized by the
appearance of various technological innovations.
Paraphrase 2: The flourishing of technology in recent decades has wholly transformed
social interaction patterns.
TOPIC 15: TOURISM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Travel Through Media
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We can
learn just as much from books, films, and the internet.
2. Remote Areas Travelling

It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments,
such as the South pole.
3. Following Local Customs

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and
behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural
differences.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
4. Protect Local Culture

Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some
areas whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have no
benefits. Discuss both sides and gives your opinion.
5. Tourism Expansion
Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries. Why is this
the case? What are the problems?
PARAPHRASING
1. Travel through media
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We
can learn just as much from books, films, and the internet.
Paraphrase 1: Due modern media in the form of books, movies and the Internet, it is
now unnecessary to travel abroad to learn about foreign cultures.
Paraphrase 2: Owing to the existence of books, movies and the Internet, there is no
longer a need for the average person to travel in order to experience and understand
other cultures.
2. Traveling to remote places

It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments,
such as the South pole.
Paraphrase 1: These days it is feasible for both researchers and tourists to travel to less
explored regions like the South Pole.
Paraphrase 2: Nowadays, voyages to remote areas like the South Pole can be
undertaken by virtually anyone.
3. Following local customs

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and
behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural
differences.
Paraphrase 1: It is sometimes argued that tourists should strive to adhere to local
traditions. However, some have made the counterintuitive argument that a host country
should be more open-minded to the customs and actions of visitors.
Paraphrase 2: Some assert that tourists to foreign countries should fully respect local
traditions. Others disagree, believing that the host country should be receptive to
contrasting cultural norms.
4. Protecting local culture

Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some
areas whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have
no benefits.
Paraphrase 1: It is proposed that to preserve local culture, tourism should be prohibited
outlawed in a number of particular locales within a country. However, critics of this
policy argue that change cannot be prevented and banning tourism would not produce
any tangible advantages.
Paraphrase 2: It is sometimes suggested that to preserve a nation’s culture, tourism
should be prohibited in certain vulnerable locations. However, some individuals
maintain that such a reform would have little impact in the long-term and no real short-
term benefits.
5. Tourism expansion
Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries.
Why is this the case? What are the problems?
Paraphrase 1: Numerous developing nations are currently in the process of broadening
various sectors of their tourist industry.
Paraphrase 2: It is becoming increasingly common for less developed nations to
prioritize the development of the domestic and international tourism markets.
TOPIC 16: WORK
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Changing Jobs
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is the
key to securing a good job.
3. Societal Contribution
Doctor, nurse, and teachers make a great contribution to the society and should be paid
more than entertainment and sports celebrities.
4. Part-Time Jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free time.
5. Job Mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their workplace.
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
6. Robots and Jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want. Do the advantages
8. Job Satisfaction/Security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others
believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is more
important.
9. Human Capital Flight

An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their
own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems do this cause? What are the solutions?
PARAPHRASING
1. Choosing a career
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
Paraphrase 1: In an increasingly competitive labor market, many have recommended
that individuals choose a career or major early in life in order to be employed in a
steady job later on.
Paraphrase 2: As the labor market tightens, it has been suggested that young people
pursue a career path or major as early as possible in order to increase their chances of
securing a stable job later in life.
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is
the key to securing a good job.
Paraphrase 1: As an initial impression is of crucial importance, some would argue that
a positive interview is the best way to successfully apply for a job.
Paraphrase 2: In order for a job applicant to apply for a position successfully, some
have argued that the first impression made during the interview is the most crucial
stage of the process.
3. Societal contributions
Doctors, nurses, and teachers make a great contribution to society and should be
paid more than entertainment and sports celebrities.
Paraphrase 1: Certain jobs such as doctors, nurses and teachers should be given
greater monetary compensation than entertainment and sports stars since they
contribute more to society.
Paraphrase 2: It is often argued that those working in healthcare and education should
be paid higher salaries than high-profile entertainment and sports personalities as they
contribute more to public welfare.
4. Part-time jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free
time.
Paraphrase 1: A significant proportion of parents these days approve of their children
working hourly paid jobs in their spare time.
Paraphrase 2: Many parents these days promote the idea of working a part-time job in
their free time to their children.
5. Job mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their
workplace.
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
Paraphrase 1: Recent advances in computer technology now allows individuals to
work remotely.
Paraphrase 2: It is now possible for employees to work outside the office due to the
advent of more sophisticated computer technologies.
6. Robots and jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans.
Paraphrase 1: These days, machines are assuming increasing numbers of jobs that
were once held by humans.
Paraphrase 2: Nowadays, a significant number of jobs held by human workers are
being done by machines.
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want.
Paraphrase 1: In some nations, elderly people can remain employed to any age they
desire.
Paraphrase 2: It is currently the case that in many nations, older generations are
permitted to work past the nominal age of retirement.
8. Job satisfaction/security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while
others believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is
more important.
Paraphrase 1: While some believe that job satisfaction should take precedence over
job security, others have asserted that long-term job security is a greater imperative.
Paraphrase 2: Though some believe that job satisfaction should be of greater priority
than job security, others disagree, stating that confidence in a stable job in the long-
term is a more realistic goal.
9. Human capital flight
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving
their own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems does this cause? What are the solutions?
Paraphrase 1: Increasing numbers of workers these days are leaving developing
nations to seek employment in wealthier locales.
Paraphrase 2: The number of workers leaving less affluent nations for more developed
ones has been on the rise in recent years.
TOPIC 17: EXTREMETLY HARD QUESTIONS
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. One world government
Some people think that the world should have one government rather than national
governments. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages??
2. Competitiveness for Men & Women

Some claim that men are naturally more competitive than women. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
3. Crime and Human Nature

Scientists believe that by studying behaviour of 3 years old children, people can predict
if that child can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?
4. Single sex or mixed education

Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending. Others feel
the genders ought to be separated.
5. Present or future orientation

"Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people think that
the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and the country
to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
6. An egalitarian society
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and
personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in
egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are
possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual
merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?
PARAPHRASING
1. One world government
Some people think that the world should have one government rather than national
governments.
Paraphrase 1: Certain interested groups have recently argued that the world should be
governed by a singular entity instead of individual nations.
Paraphrase 2: Some assert that instead of nations ruling autonomously through national
governments, the world should be controlled collectively by a single government.
2. Competitiveness between men and women

Some claim that men are naturally more competitive than women.
Paraphrase 1: It is sometimes asserted that men, by their very nature, intrinsically
possess greater ambition than women.
Paraphrase 2: It is sometimes argued that women by nature are less driven than men in
general.
3. Crime and human nature

Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children, people can
predict if that child can become a criminal in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children
from growing to be a criminal?
Paraphrase 1: It has been suggested by some that by examining the behaviour of
toddlers, it is possible to determine whether or not they are likely to commit criminal
offenses in the future.
Paraphrase 2: Scientists believe they can anticipate whether or not someone will become
a criminal by studying their behaviour at ages as young as 3 years old.
4. Single-sex or mixed education

Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending. Others
feel the genders ought to be separated.
Paraphrase 1: Though some have proposed that schools should educate both boys and
girls in the same classes, others believe that the genders should be distinctly segregated.
Paraphrase 2: It is sometimes suggested that boys and girls should be educated together
in schools, though some may disagree, contending that separate classes are optimal.
5. Present or future orientation
"Tomorrow is always the most important day." However, some people think that the
present is more important.
How important is it for individuals and a country to prepare for the future?
Paraphrase 1: Though some assert that individuals should prioritize the future, there are
those who contend that the present moment is of greater value.
Paraphrase 2: While some consider the future to be of greater priority, others argue that
the present should be given greater precedence.
6. An egalitarian society
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality
and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in
egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are
possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual
merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?
Paraphrase 1: These days, the correlation between equality and personal achievement is
under great scrutiny. Some assert that in an egalitarian society, individuals can better
accomplish their goals while others believe that personal achievements are best attained
through greater freedom to succeed or fail depending on their strengths and weaknesses.
Paraphrase 2: In recent years, the connection between equality and personal
achievement has been garnering great interest and debate. Though some opine that the
average person is more likely to accomplish more in an egalitarian society, others argue
that the liberty to succeed or fail on one’s own encourages greater personal
achievement.

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HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU .................................................................................... 7

4. The Importance of Zoos

4. The Importance of Zoos

4. The Importance of Zoos

2. Museums and Art Galleries

3. Government Support for Artists

4. The Role of Art in Society

5. Teaching Art to Children

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

3. Climate Change and Business

5. Advertising New Products

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

3. Climate Change and Business

5. Advertising New Products

3. Horticulture and domestication

3. Horticulture and domestication

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

4. Impacts Of Video Games

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

4. Impacts Of Video Games

2. Marine Natural Habitats

2. Marine Natural Habitats

2. Private Health Services

4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

5. Physical Activities in School

2. Private Health Services

4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

2. Learning Languages and Customs

4. Golden Age of Learning Language

5. The Prevalence of English

2. Learning Languages and Customs

4. Golden Age of Learning Language

2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

3. Long-term Prison Sentences

2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

3. Long-term Prison Sentences

4. Stress in Today’s Society

5. Colours and Emotion

5. Colour and Emotion

2. Fulltime working women

3. Economic Development and Social Values

4. Financial or Practical Aids

5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

6. Relocation To the Cities

8. The importance of history

9. The demolition of old buildings

2. Full time working women

3. Economic Development and Social Values

4. Financial or Practical Aids

5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

6. Relocation To the Cities

8. The importance of history

2. Spending Tax on Space Exploration

2. Spending tax on space exploration

3. Life on other planets

1. Sports and Marketing

2. Sportspeople as Role Models