‫ﺟﺰواتآﻣﻮزﺷﻲرﻳﺎﺿﻲﻫﺸﺘﻢ‬

‫‪۱‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

 ‫ﺟﺰﻭﻩي ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪1 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫»ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ«‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ƒ‬
 ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭي ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪ 4 ، 3 ، 2 ،1‬ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺭﺍ »ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ« ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻔﺰﺍﻳﻴﻢ‪» ،‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫…‪… , − 4 , − 3 , − 2, −1,0,1,2, 3 , 4 , 5 ,‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 1‬ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫{‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫{‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢِ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪… , − 4 , − 3 , − 2, −1‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢِ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ −1‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢِ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫… ‪1,2, 3 , 4 , 5 ,‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢِ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻣﺒﺪﺃ« ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ؛ ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻤﺖ‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-4 -3 -2 -1‬‬ ‫‪0 1 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪:‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩي ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﺪﺩﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩي ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼـﭗ ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪ + 3‬ﻭ ‪ − 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪+3‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬

‫‪-4 -3 -2 -1‬‬ ‫‪0 1 2 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

 ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪+3‬‬

‫‪-4 -3 -2 -1‬‬ ‫‪0 1 2 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍي ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯي ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪي ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ﺻﻔﺮ( ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-4 -3 -2 -1‬‬ ‫‪0 1 2 3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪي ‪ + 2‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ − 2‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪي ‪ − 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ + 3‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪− (−3) = +3‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪− (+2) = −2‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪي ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪ − 4‬ﻭ ‪ + 3‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍي ﺟﻤﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪+14 − ( −8) = +14 + 8‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍي ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪− 21− 9 = −30‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪+14 + 8 = +22‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺖﻫﺎي ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍي ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪+ 9 − 22 = −13‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪−14 + 23 = +9‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ‪−12 − ( −18) − 6‬‬
‫ﺏ( ‪− 71+138 −19 − 44‬‬
 ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪+ 44 − ( −95) − ( +38‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪+101 :‬‬

‫ﺗﺬﮐﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﺪﺩي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍي ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ‪ − 7 +16‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪− 7 +16 = 9‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪− 7 +16 = +9‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩي ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍي ﺿﺮﺏ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻼﻣﺖﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫{‬

‫) ‪( − ) × ( −) ⇒ ( +‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫) ‪(+) × (+) ⇒ (+‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫{‬

‫)‪( + ) × ( −) ⇒ ( −‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( )‪[ −5 × ( +12)] ÷ (−6‬‬
‫ﺏ( )‪[ −10 ÷ (−2)]× ( −2 − 6) − ( −50‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪−16‬‬
‫( ÷ ‪[ −24‬‬ ‫)‪)] × ( −8) ÷ ( −4) − (−6‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪5 − 5 (42 ) + 81 ÷ 3‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﻠﺦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ‪ − 6‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﺵ ‪ 4‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 8‬ﭘﺮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍي ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺎﻥﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﺍي ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭي ﺍﺯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎي ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺎ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮي ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎي ﻣﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﺴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪− 21 12‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪، −‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‪» ،‬ﮐﺴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻓﻲ« ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮي ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎي‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪− 3 −6‬‬ ‫‪4 8 20‬‬
‫=‪−3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫=‪4‬‬ ‫= =‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1 2 5‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ!‬

‫ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺭﺍﺩﻳﮑﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺬﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ! ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪=−‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 24‬ﺟﺬﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .4‬ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﺪﺩي ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪81 , −12 ,‬‬ ‫‪20 , −‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪20 :‬‬
 ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﮏ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺮﺝِ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ﮐﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎي ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎي ‪ −1‬ﻭ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪−‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎي‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ − 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪي ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪ +‬ﻭ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .6‬ﺟﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3 11‬‬
‫ﺏ( ) ‪− ( −2‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ(‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4 4‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ 2 :‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﻡ‪13 :‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩي ‪ − 6 > x ≥ −7‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−7‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﺴﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪12 × 8‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ‪ 8‬ﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺴﺮ‬
‫‪8×7‬‬
‫‪12 × 8/ 12‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪8/ × 7 7‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻀﺮﺏ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬ ‫™‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﮐﺴﺮﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪156‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﺏ(‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ(‬
‫‪169‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩي ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺿﺮﺏ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮐﺴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﮐﺴﺮ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪3 3 × 2 3 × 5 3 × ( −3‬‬ ‫‪3 6 15 − 9‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫= =‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫)‪4 4 ×2 4 × 5 4 × (−3‬‬ ‫‪4 8 20 −12‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﮐﺴﺮ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻲﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ!‬
 ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍي ﻣﺨﺮﺝﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪3 5 3+5 8‬‬
‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫‪= =2‬‬
‫‪4 4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪7 5 7−5 2‬‬
‫= ‪−‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪3 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺨﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪2 3 2 × 4 3 × 3 8 9 8 + 9 17‬‬
‫= ‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪3 4 3 × 4 4 × 3 12 12 12 12‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮎ‪.‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺏ( ) ‪− ( +‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ) ‪− ( −‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪0/ 9 :‬‬
 ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖﻫﺎي ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻼﻣﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺩﻭ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3×7‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪(− ) × (+ ) = −‬‬ ‫‪=−‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5×4‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5/ × 6 6‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪(− ) × ( − ) = +‬‬ ‫‪= =2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3 × 5/ 3‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫‪(−‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ) ‪) × ( +‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺏ( ]) ‪− × [+ + (−‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .8‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪⎡ 3‬‬ ‫‪2 ⎤ 30‬‬
‫‪⎢⎣− 5 + ( −15 )⎥⎦ × 44‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪1 :‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺎي ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪» ،‬ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ« ﺁﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺮ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫⎯‬
‫→⎯‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ −‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ − = −2‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ، 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ − 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﮐﺴﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ÷ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ × ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3×4‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪(− ) ÷ ( + ) = ( − ) × ( + ) = −‬‬ ‫‪=−‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪5×7‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ]) ‪÷ [ −3 × ( −‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫ﺏ( )‪[ − ÷ ] ÷ (−1‬‬
‫‪5 15‬‬
 ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .9‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪5 1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪[−‬‬ ‫]) ‪+1 ] ÷ [ − × ( −1‬‬
‫‪2 3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪7 :‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2 5‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪي ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫÷‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3 6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2 × 6 12‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3 × 5 15‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫»ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎي ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ! ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ« ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ) ‪÷ (−‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪5 = − 9 ×15 = − 3 × 3 = − 9‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪5 ×12‬‬ ‫‪1× 4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫) ‪÷ (−‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫‪3 4‬‬
‫× ‪−3‬‬
‫‪2 18‬‬
 ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎي ﺗﺨﺘﻪ !‬

‫‪ .10‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪÷ (−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫⎞‪1 ⎛ 2 6‬‬
‫⎟ × ‪− ÷⎜−‬‬
‫⎠‪2 ⎝ 3 4‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪5 :‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩي ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫=‪0‬‬ ‫⎯ ⎯⎯‬
‫→⎯‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍي ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ!‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞﺿﺮﺏ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3 × 5 15‬‬
‫•‬ ‫= ) (×) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5 × 3 15‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2 × 7 14‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪(− ) × ( − ) = +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪=1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7 × 2 14‬‬
 ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫)ﺣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮي ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮي ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ!(‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪− 36 ÷ 9 + (−16‬‬
‫=‬
‫]) ‪− 2 + 3[4 + (−1‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﺮﺍي ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫= )‪) − 9 − (−6‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫= )‪) (−8) + (+4) + (+2‬ﺏ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫= )‪) (−9 − 12) − ( +14 − 15‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫= ‪) (−25 + 25) + ( + 35) − 35‬ﺏ‬
‫= ]) ‪) (−87 + 47) + [−15 + (−1‬ﺝ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫= ) ‪) [(−16) × (−4)] ÷ (−8‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫= )‪) [−5 × (+12)] ÷ (−6‬ﺏ‬
‫= )‪) [−1 ÷ (−2)] × (−2 − 6) + (−3‬ﺝ‬
‫= ]) ‪) − 15 + [35 ÷ ( −7‬ﺩ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫× )‪) (15 − 1)(15 − 2)(15 − 3‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬ ‫= )‪× (15 − 15‬‬
‫× )‪) (−8 + 5)(−8 + 6‬ﺏ‬ ‫= )‪× (−8 + 11‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ −1‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ − 15‬ﻭ ‪ 15‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪) A = −3 1 , B = +3 3‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪) C = +1 , B = −‬ﺏ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺑﮑﺸﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪, 9‬‬ ‫‪, 98 / 6 , − 13‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﺳﻪ ﮐﺴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭي ﮐﺴﺮﻫﺎي ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪) + 6‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫= ‪) − 3 5‬ﺏ‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(−128) × (−98‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻒ‬ ‫=‬
‫) ‪+ 49 × (−96) × (−2‬‬
‫)‪(−62) × (+7‬‬
‫)ﺏ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪+ 155‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﺑﺮﺍي ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= ) ‪) (+ 7 ) + (− 9‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ) ‪) (+ ) − ( +‬ﺏ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫= ) ‪) − + ( −‬ﺝ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ!(‬

‫‪ -13‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪) + 7 − 11 − 1‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪18 12 36‬‬
‫‪− 7 − 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)ﺏ‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪18 12 − 36‬‬
‫= ) ‪) 5 − ( 1 − 3 5‬ﺝ‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫= ‪) − 1 + − 1 − + 5‬ﺩ‬
‫‪28 35 42‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﺭﻭي ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪي ‪ + 3‬ﺣﺮﮐﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩي ‪ − 2 3‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﺿﺮﺏﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= ) ‪) (− 3 ) × (− 4‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ) ‪) (−2 ) × (+1 4‬ﺏ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ) ‪) (+3 1 ) × (−4 4‬ﺝ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫= ⎥⎤) ‪) (− 1 ) × ⎡⎢(+1 4 ) − (+ 7‬ﺩ‬
‫‪3 ⎣ 3‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪2‬‬

‫= ⎥⎤) ‪) (+2 1) × ⎡⎢(− 5 ) − ( − 7‬ﻩ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫⎣‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪6‬‬
‫‪ -16‬ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫⎛‬ ‫⎞ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺏ( ⎟ ⎟⎞ ) ‪− ⎜ + ⎛⎜ − (−3‬‬ ‫‪−4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ(‬
‫⎝ ⎝‬ ‫⎠⎠ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪ -17‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫= )‪) (−81) ÷ (+21‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬

‫= ) ‪) (−2 1 ) ÷ (− 1‬ﺏ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ]‪[1396‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺎم ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺪدﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫= ⎥⎤) ‪) − ⎡⎢+ 11 1 ÷ (−4 4‬ﺝ‬

‫⎣‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪3‬‬

‫= ⎥⎤) ‪) − 3 ÷ ⎡⎢− 3 1 ÷ (−5 5‬ﺩ‬

‫⎣ ‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪6‬‬
‫‪ -18‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎي ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪) − 6 2 × − 1‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪3 −6 2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫‪− ÷ (−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)ﺏ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫⎥⎤ ) ‪− ÷ ⎡⎢ + 1 − (+‬‬
‫‪2 ⎣ 3‬‬ ‫⎦ ‪6‬‬