PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

ARUSHA REGION
FORM FIVE TERMINAL EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY 1
Time: 3:00 Hours 29thNOVEMBER 2022
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper consists of ten questions with two sections A and B
2. Answer all questions from section A and only two questions from section B
3. Section A carries 70 marks and 30 marks from section B
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room
5. Write your name on every page of your answer sheet

SECTION A (70 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section
1. (a) (i) Define the term carbohydrate(s)
(ii) What structural features of carbohydrates account for the fact that a wide variety of
polysaccharides exists?
(b) Explain why polysaccharides are suitable for food and energy store in plants and
animals?

2. (a) (i) What do you understand by the term taxonomic hierarchy

(ii) Copy and complete the following table showing taxonomic hierarchy of human being

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom

Phylum/division

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

(b) With examples, briefly explain why is it important to classify organisms?

Page 1 of 4
3. The diagram below shows some events that occur in a synapse after the arrival of an
impulse at the presynaptic membrane.

(a) (i) Put the events 1-6 in the correct sequence.

(ii) Name the ions labelled A and B
(iii) By what process do transmitter molecules move across the synaptic cleft?
(iv) Name one transmitter molecule released by synaptic vesicles
(b) One impulse arriving at the presynaptic membrane does not produce an action potential
in the postsynaptic neurone but several impulses arriving in close succession do.
(i) Explain this observation. (ii) What name is given to the process described?
(c) Briefly explain the following in relation to synapse.
(i) Facilitation (ii) Adaptation and fatigue
4. (a) Differentiate between
(i) Cell eating and cell drinking
(ii) Cell inclusion and organelle
(b)The diagram below shows the sequence of events in phagocytic digestion of food particles
inside a cell. Identify the stages in sequence from 1-6.

5. (a) Binomial nomenclature is grounded on specific established rules which are supposed to
be followed when naming a new organism. Clearly, state a rule about each of the
following aspect: a language used, a writing style, parts of the name, and what if two
correct names are assigned to the same organism?
(b) Differentiate nomenclature from systematic.
(c) Using tabular method, Give three (3) structural differences between a bracketed key and
an indented key.
Page 2 of 4
6. (a) The nervous system (both central nervous system and peripheral nervous systems) has
its own immune system and nutritional method for protection against pathogens and
supply of nutrients to its cells respectively. Justify this statement.
(b) Figure X is part of a structure in a sense organ of mammals. Study it carefully and then
answer the questions that follow:

Figure X
(i) Identify the figure X above
(ii) Which parts in the figure above serves as photoreceptors?
(iii) Why the part labelled C is having multiple branches in some places?
(iv) State how the part labelled D adapts figure X to its function.

7. (a) With examples differentiate between septate (acoenocytic) and aseptate (coenocytic)
hyphae as used to refer fungal body.
(b) Differentiate the following organisms based on the following criteria Spider, Crab, and
Mosquito.
(i) Pair of antennae (ii) Type of eyes (iii) Pair of walking legs.
(c) State two common characters shown by each of organisms in (i) used to place them
under the same Phylum
(d) Explain four advantages of the material covering each organism in (a).

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

Answer only two questions in this section

8. (a) State the lowest classification taxon which crocodiles and human are grouped together.
Give reasons
(b) Some zoologists propose insects as brief useful and harmful in human. What are their
arguments?
(c) Briefly explain at least five economic importance of algae
(d) Explain the adaptations of yeast to its mode of life

9. Explain the application of natural and synthetic phytohormones in crop production and
weed control.

Page 3 of 4
10. The figure below illustrates the life cycle of a bryophyte

(a) Name the structures labelled A-E

(b) State clearly at which stage in the life cycle meiosis occurs
(c) (i) What is meant by alternation of generations in relation to this life cycle
(ii) State two ways in which the alternation of generation shown by this life cycle differs
from that found in flowering plants
(d) State four ways in which a named Bryophyte reproduces asexually (vegetatively).

Page 4 of 4