Project Work-1 October, 2023

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID SPEED BREAKER

A PROJECT-I SYNOPSIS

Submitted By

Akshay Gupta 20010106008

Artik Thakur 20010106015
Ashwani Kumar 20010106022
Shalini Verma 20010106046

Supervised By

Er. Chetan Sharma

Assistant Professor

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, SUNDERNAGAR (HP)-175018

OCTOBER, 2023

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

CONTENTS
Page No.
CERTIFICATE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii-x
LIST OF TABLES xi-xii
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2-3
2.1 Catherine Berthod, Engineer and Urban Planner Minister 2
Des Transports du Québec Annual Conference of the
Transportation Association of Canadian Edmonton,
Alberta
2.2 Catherine Berthod, Engineer and Urban Planner Minister 3
Des Transports du Québec Annual Conference of the
Transportation Association of Canadian Edmonton,
Alberta

Chapter-3 PRINCIPAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID 4

3.1 PRINCIPLE OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID 4

Chapter-4 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 5-7

4.1 Non Newtonian Fluid 5
4.2 Synthetic rubber 7

Chapter-5 CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK 8-9

5.1 CONCLUSION 8
REFERENCES 10

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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU GOVERNMENT

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SUNDERNAGAR, MANDI (H.P)
CERTIFICATE

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Project Work-I
synopsis entitled “NON NEWTONIAN FLUID SPEED BREAKER” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering and submitted
to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College
Sundernagar, is an authentic record of our own work carried out during the period from August
2023 to November 2023 (7th Semester) under the supervision of Er. Chetan Sharma, Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

The matter presented in this Project Report has not been submitted by us for the award of any
other degree elsewhere.

Signature of Students (s)

Akshay Gupta (20010106008),
Artik Thakur (20010106015),
Ashwani Kumar (20010106022),
Shalini Verma (20010106046),

This is to certify that the above statement made by the students(s) is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Signature of Supervisors(s)

Date: 26/10/2023 (Er. Chetan Sharma)

Assistant Professor

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

ACKNOWLEDGE

I would like to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Rajeev Khanduja,
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering
College Sundernagar, for his generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I express our gratitude to Er. Chetan Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering in Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College
Sundernagar, for his stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and supervision
throughoutthe course of present work.

I also wish to extend our thanks to Dr. Ritesh Kaundal, Academic guide & Er. Rohit
Bhardwaj Project Coordinator and other faculty members for attending our seminars and for
their insightful comments and constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this project
work.

I am extremely thankful to Prof. S.P Guleria, Director/Principal, Jawaharlal Nehru

Government Engineering College Sundernagar, for providing us infrastructure facilities to
work in, without which this this work would not have been possible.

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

Abstract

Non-Newtonian fluids are materials that do not follow the classical linear relationship
between shear stress and shear rate, unlike Newtonian fluids. In recent years, there has been
growing interest in harnessing the unique properties of Non-Newtonian fluids for various
engineering applications. One such innovative application is the Non-Newtonian Fluid Speed
Breaker.
This abstract explores the concept of a Non-Newtonian Fluid Speed Breaker, a novel traffic
management device designed to improve road safety and reduce vehicle speed. Unlike
traditional speed breakers, which are static, the Non-Newtonian Fluid Speed Breaker utilizes
the rheological characteristics of Non-Newtonian fluids to adapt to different vehicular speeds
and loads.
This abstract will delve into the mechanics and benefits of the Non-Newtonian Fluid Speed
Breaker, including its ability to minimize wear and tear on vehicles, reduce noise pollution,
and enhance overall road safety. Additionally, it will discuss the potential challenges and
considerations associated with implementing such a system in real-world traffic management
scenarios.
The Non-Newtonian Fluid Speed Breaker represents a promising innovation in the field of
transportation and traffic management, offering a sustainable solution to address speed
control and road safety concerns. This research is expected to encourage further exploration
of Non-Newtonian fluid applications in engineering and transportation, with the aim of
creating more adaptive and effective road infrastructure.

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Traffic calming measures are increasingly used to promote safer driving and improve the
overall road experience for everyone. These features are basically physical systems that
encourage or force drivers to slow down to a certain speed. Their main objective is to
deal with speeding and enhance road safety. In addition, they make streets more
accessible and comfortable for pedestrians, cyclists and nearby residents.
One common traffic calming measure is the speed breaker, a familiar sight on residential
roads. Traditional speed breakers are typically raised humps made of concrete or asphalt.
They're meant to be driven over at a safe speed, but going over them too quickly can lead
to a bumpy and uncomfortable ride. This usually compels drivers to slow down to avoid
damaging their vehicles. However, even when driving within the speed limit, these
conventional speed breakers can put stress on a vehicle's parts like the shock absorbers
and steering system.
Speed control devices sensitive to the speed of a vehicle, on the other hand, become more
compliant and less stiff at lower speeds, providing a solution to the limitations of
traditional speed breakers. The key feature of this device is the use of a special type of
fluid known as Non-Newtonian fluid within the speed breaker. When a vehicle
approaches the speed breaker at a low speed, the fluid becomes less rigid, allowing the
vehicle to pass smoothly without any jolting or bouncing. However, if a vehicle exceeds
the designated safe speed, the fluid becomes much stiffer, causing the vehicle to
experience a noticeable jump.
This unique speed control device has several advantages. It can permit emergency
vehicles to pass without having to reduce their speed, potentially reducing response times
during urgent situations. Additionally, it addresses concerns related to the wear and tear
on a vehicle's mechanical components associated with traditional speed breakers. This
leads to cost savings and provides a more comfortable driving experience.

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CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1) Catherine Berthod, Engineer and Urban Planner Minister Des Transports du
Québec Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canadian
Edmonton, Alberta

To respond to this need, the ministered des Transports du Québec has begun publishing a
series of fact sheets on a variety of traffic calming measures including: speed humps and
speed cushions, raised crosswalks and intersections, neck downs (curb extensions at
intersections),the reduction of the width of streets, center islands and chicanes. A general
fact sheet present all of the measures and notably outlines the procedure for pre-
implementation analysis. Each fact sheet earmark to an individual measure outlines the
implementation context, advantages and disadvantages, geometric characteristics,
effectiveness at reducing speed, and maintenance requirements, including winter
maintenance. The presentation will present the first two published fact sheets: the general
fact sheet and the fact sheet on speed breakers and speed cushions. The fact sheets as
well as examples of measures implemented in municipalities are available on the
ministered des Transports website at under Partenaires – Municipalities – Securities
routière. Speed control is a key factor in road safety. It is for this reason that the
ministered hopes to support municipal initiatives related to the use of traffic calming
measures. By issuing these fact sheets, stakeholders will have easy access to pertinent
information as well as concrete examples to help them design the solution best suited to
every situation. The fact sheet on neck downs (curb extensions at intersections) will be
available shortly.

2.2) The influence of speed bumps heights to the decrease of the vehicle speed
,Belgrade experience Boris Antić, Dalibor Pešić, Milan Vujanić .Krsto Lipovac.

In the residential zones where a large number of pedestrians and other vulnerable road
users are expected, like school zones, it is necessary to decrease the speed to such a level
that the risk of susceptibility is the lowest possible. One of the commonly accepted and
often implemented speed decrease measures is vertical rising of the road pavement

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

(speed bumps, speed humps, etc.). This work shows the affects of speed bumps of
different heights (3, 5 and 7 cm) to the decrease of vehicle speed. Speed measurements
had been done before speed breakers were installed, 1 day and 1 month after the
installation. Applying ANOVA analysis and post hoc analysis, using Turkey–Kramer’s
multiple comparison test, a comparison was made of mean, 50th percentile and 85th
percentile speed, before and after speed bumps setting. It has been shown that there is a
eloquent speed decrease on the places where speed bumps were set, compared to the
period before setting. Based on the research results, it was suggested that on the locations
where susceptible road users are extremely endangered, speed bumps 5 and 7 cm high
should be set, whereas at less endangered locations speed breakers 3 cm high could be
set. Also, it has been shown that the effects of speed breakers on speed decrease are
enduring, because there has not been any significant deviation in vehicle speeds neither 1
day nor 1 month after speed breakers setting.

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Project Work-1 October, 2023

CHAPTER- III
PRINCIPAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

3.1) PRINCIPLE OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's Law of Viscosity. This means
that its viscosity, or resistance to flow, changes when it is subjected to stress.

Newton's viscosity law states that the shear stress (force per unit area) is directly proportional
to the shear rate (rate of deformation) and is represented as:

Shear Stress (τ) = Viscosity (η) x Shear Rate (du/dy)

The ratio of shear stress to shear rate is a constant, for a given temperature and pressure, and
is defined as the viscosity or coefficient of viscosity.

Non-Newtonian fluid speed bump is made using a casing in which the fluid is contained with
no leakage etc. and is filled 95% to the full capacity of the containment so that when the
vehicle is moving smoothly in accordance to the speed limit the liquid could be displaced and
vehicle can pass over smoothly.

If the vehicle moves with higher speed, it will experience hard contact with the speed bump.

There are two main types of non-Newtonian fluids: shear-thinning fluids and shear-
thickening fluids.

• Shear-thinning fluids become less viscous when they are subjected to stress. This
means that they become more liquid when they are shaken or stirred. Examples of
shear-thinning fluids include ketchup, toothpaste, and cornstarch suspensions.

• Shear-thickening fluids become more viscous when they are subjected to stress. This
means that they become more solid when they are shaken or stirred. Examples of
shear-thickening fluids include quicksand and certain types of paints and inks.

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CHAPTER- VI
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

4.1) Non Newtonian Fluid

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity. This
means that its viscosity (resistance to flow) changes when it is under stress. Newtonian
fluids, such as water, have a constant viscosity. This means that they flow the same way
regardless of how much force is applied to them. For example, if you pour water into a
cup and then stir it, the water will flow the same way whether you stir it slowly or
quickly. Non-Newtonian fluids, on the other hand, have a variable viscosity. This means
that their viscosity changes when they are under stress. For example, if you pour a
cornstarch and water mixture into a cup and then stir it, the mixture will act like a solid at
first. However, if you continue to stir it, the mixture will eventually become runny and
flow like a liquid. The viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is not constant, unlike
Newtonian fluids, where the relationship between shear stress and shear rate is linear,
passing through the origin, and characterized by a constant coefficient of viscosity. In
non-Newtonian fluids, the viscosity changes with shear rate, making them dependent on
the rate at which they are subjected to deformation, whether it's due to shear or tensile
stresses.
It's important to note that some non-Newtonian fluids may still exhibit normal stress
differences or other non-Newtonian behaviors even if their viscosity doesn't directly
depend on shear rate. This means that while they don't follow the simple linear
relationship seen in Newtonian fluids, they can display complex behaviors that go
beyond simple viscosity changes.
In fluid mechanics, viscosity is a fundamental concept used to describe a fluid's
resistance to shear deformation. In Newtonian fluids, this viscosity is a constant, making
it relatively straightforward to characterize their behavior. However, in non-Newtonian
fluids, the relationship between shear stress and shear rate is more intricate and can vary
significantly, and in some cases, these fluids can even exhibit time-dependent viscosity,
further complicating their behavior. As a result, a single, constant coefficient of viscosity
cannot effectively describe non-Newtonian fluids due to their complex and variable
responses to shear forces.

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i) Oobleck

Oobleck is a fluid material which acts as a suspension of cornstarch and water

that can behave like a solid or a liquid depending on how much pressure you
apply. If you grab oobleck in your hand, and it feel like a solid ball in your
palm after you release the pressure. Then, it will slip out from your fingers.
Materials are that behave as non-Newtonian fluid because their flow
properties are not described by a constant viscosity. The name Oobleck
originated from the 1949 children’s book, Bartholomew and the Oobleck, by
Dr. Seuss.

Fig: Oobleck.

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4.2) Synthetic rubber:

Synthetic rubber is a man-made elastomer that is produced from petroleum

byproducts. It is a versatile material that is used in a wide range of products,
including tires, hoses, belts, gaskets, and seals. Synthetic rubber is often preferred
over natural rubber because it is more durable, resistant to oil and chemicals, and has
a wider range of operating temperatures.
Synthetic rubber is produced by a process called polymerization. In this process,
monomers (small molecules) are linked together to form a polymer (a long chain of
molecules). The type of monomers used and the polymerization conditions will
determine the properties of the synthetic rubber.

Fig: Synthetic rubber

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CHAPTER-V
CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

5.1) CONCLUSIONS

i. Increased Fuel Efficiency: The Non-Newtonian fluid speed breaker significantly

enhances the fuel efficiency of vehicles. By allowing vehicles to smoothly pass over
the speed breaker without having to come to a complete stop, it reduces the energy
wasted during frequent acceleration and deceleration, leading to improved fuel
economy.
ii. Reduced Traffic Congestion: One of the notable advantages is that vehicles do not
need to come to a complete stop in front of the speed breaker. This feature helps in
reducing traffic congestion, particularly in areas with heavy traffic, as vehicles can
maintain a more continuous flow.
iii. Cost-Effective Installation and Maintenance: The installation cost and ongoing
maintenance expenses associated with the Non-Newtonian fluid speed breaker are
comparatively low when compared to traditional speed breakers. This makes it a
cost-effective solution for traffic management.
iv. Vehicle Mechanical Component Preservation: The Non-Newtonian fluid speed
breaker is designed to be gentle on vehicles. It does not cause damage to a vehicle's
mechanical components like shock absorbers and steering systems when drivers
adhere to the recommended speed limits.
v. Quick and Mobile Installation: The setup of the Non-Newtonian fluid speed breaker
is entirely mobile and can be installed within an hour. This feature allows for rapid
deployment and adaptability to changing traffic needs.
vi. User-Friendly Installation: The installation process does not require a technically
skilled person. This ease of installation makes it a practical choice for
implementation in various locations without significant expertise.
vii. Noise Reduction: Another benefit of the Non-Newtonian fluid speed breaker is its
ability to reduce traffic noise. As vehicles pass smoothly over the speed breaker
without abrupt jolts or impacts, noise levels associated with traditional speed
breakers are minimized, contributing to a quieter and more pleasant environment for
nearby residents.
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REFERENCES

Times and New Roman, 12 pt, 1.5 line spacing (justify mode)

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