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HRY Microproject

Civil Engineering (Savitribai Phule Pune University)

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Micro Project Report on

“Prepare Report on Classification of pumps”

Submitted by:-

SHAIKH ASIF

SAPKAL MAYUR

SHAIKH AYAZ

GAYAKE YUVRAJ

GUIDED BY:-

PROF.WALHEKAR R.S.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

KAI. SAU. SUNITATAI EKNATHRAO

DHAKANE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE ,

RAKSHI MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD

OF EDUCATION , MUMBAI 2021-22

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KSSED POLY. COLLEGE,

RAKSHI

Department of Civil Engineering

2021-22

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, Seminar Report entitled

“Prepare Report on Classification of pumps”

Has been submitted By,

1. SHAIKH ASIF

2. SAPKAL MAYUR

3. SHAIKH AYAZ

4. GAYAKE YUVRAJ

PROF.WALHEKAR R.S. PROF.PATHAN I.N.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Dr.R.H.Attar
PRINCIPAL KSSED POLY, RAKSHI

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my heartiest thanks to all the people who have helped me in
the completion of this seminar. I thankful to our HOD Prof. PATHAN I. N. and guide
Prof.WALHEKAR R.S. for giving me the opportunity to carry out this Micro-Project as
well as for his valuable guidance.

I would like to thank all professors and staff of civil engineering department and staff of our
library who have helped me in one or other way. I would like to thank all the publishers of
various construction journals for their articles who helped me to solve some of the critical
problems during the Micro-Project.

One more personality strikes to our heart, the gentlemen who is ever ready to listen the
difficulties of the students and is always on the help them out. He is none other than our
respected principal Dr.R.H.Attar I am very much thankful to them.

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INDEX

SR.N
TOPIC
O

1 INTODUCTION

2 COMPONENTS OF A PUMPING SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
3

4 DYNAMIC PUMPS

5 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

6
CONCLUSION

7 REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION
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Pump is a machine or mechanical equipment which is required to lift liquid from low level to
high level or to flow liquid from low pressure area to high pressure area or as a booster in a
piping network system.

Principally, pump converts mechanical energy of motor into fluid flow energy.
Pump also can be used in process operations that requires a high hydraulic pressure. This can be
seen in heavy duty equipment’s. Often heavy duty equipment’s requires a high discharge
pressure and a low suction pressure. Due to low pressure at suction side of pump, fluid will lift
from certain depth, whereas due to high pressure at discharge side of pump, it will push fluid to
lift until reach desired height.

Pumps are used to transfer and distribute liquids in various industries. Pumps convert
mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Electrical energy is generally used to operate the
various types of pumps. Pumps have two main purposes.
 Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from an underground into a
water storage tank).
 Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants through machines and
equipment).

2.0 COMPONENTS OF A PUMPING SYSTEM

· Pump casing and impellers
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· Prime movers: electric motors, diesel engines or air system

· Piping used to carry the fluid
· Valves, used to control the flow in the system
· Other fittings, controls and instrumentation
· End-use equipment, which have different requirements (e.g. pressure, flow) and therefore
determine the pumping system components and configuration. Examples include heat
exchangers, tanks and hydraulic machines.

3.0 CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

Pumps may be classified on the basis of the applications they serve, the materials from
which they are constructed, the liquids they handle, and even their orientation in space.
All such classifications, however, are limited in scope and tend to substantially overlap
each other. A more basic system of pump classification is based on the principle by which
energy is added to the fluid. Under this system, all pump types generally fall into two main
categories –

1. Dynamic (Centrifugal) Pumps – Energy is continuously added to increase the fluid

velocities within the machine.
2. Positive Displacement Pumps – Energy is periodically added by application of force to
one or more movable boundaries of enclosed, fluid-containing volumes.

These are further divided into many forms. For simplification of article we will discuss these
many forms separately in separate articles.

1.Dynamic (Centrifugal) Pump:

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Dynamic pumps uses centrifugal force to develop velocity in the liquid being handled. The
velocity is then converted to pressure. As kinetic energy is decreased, pressure is increased. This
pressure difference drives the fluid through the system or plant.

Dynamic (Centrifugal) pumps use a rotating impeller to create a vacuum in order to move fluid.
The pump’s impeller rotates within the housing and reduces pressure at the inlet. This motion
then drives fluid to the outside of the pump’s housing, which increases the pressure enough to
send it out the discharge.

Dynamic (Centrifugal) pumps are the most common pump type for the transfer of low viscosity
fluids in high flow rate, low pressure installations, which makes them ideal for applications that
require the pump to deal with large volumes. The centrifugal pump design is often associated
with the transfer of water, but is also a popular solution for handling thin fuels and chemicals.

Dynamic (Centrifugal) pumps benefit from a simple design with few moving parts, resulting in
lower maintenance requirements and costs. This makes them suited to applications where the
pump is used often or is even continuously run.

Types of Dynamic pumps:

1.1 Centrifugal pumps:
They use a rotating impeller to increase the pressure of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly
used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near
to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or
volute chamber (casing), from where it exits into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal
pumps are used for large discharge through smaller heads. These types of pumps are used for
supply of water and handling of milk in dairy plants.

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Fig. Centrifugal pump

1.2 Propeller pump:

A propeller pump is a high flow, low lift impeller type device featuring a linear flow path. The
propeller pump may be installed in a vertical, horizontal, or angled orientation and typically has
its motor situated above the water level with the impeller below water. These pumps function by
drawing water up an outer casing and out of a discharge outlet via a propeller bladed impeller
head.

Fig. Propeller pump

1.3 Turbine pump:

Turbine pumps are centrifugal pumps that use pressure and flow in combination with a rotary
mechanism to transfer fluid. They typically employ blade geometry, which causes fluid
circulation around the vanes to add pressure from inlet to outlet. Turbine pumps operate using
kinetic energy to move fluid utilizing an impeller. The centrifugal force drives the liquid to the
housing wall in close proximity to the vanes of the impeller or propeller. The cyclical movement
of the impeller produces pressure in the pumping bowl. The shape of turbine pumps also
contributes to suction and discharge rates.

Fig. Turbine pump

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2.Positive Displacement Pump:

Positive displacement pumps use the reciprocating motion of pistons, plungers, or diaphragms to
move the liquid through the pump. The discharge from reciprocating pumps is in pulses rather
than a smooth flow of liquid.

Positive displacement pumps are characterized by an operation that moves fluid by trapping a
fixed volume, usually in a cavity, and then forces that trapped fluid into the discharge pipe.

Positive displacement pumps are usually selected for their ability to handle high viscosity fluids
at high pressures and relatively low flows as their efficiency isn’t affected by pressure. Whilst
centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump installed due to their simplicity, positive
displacement pumps are a solution that can handle more difficult conditions where centrifugal
pumps may fail, thanks to their ability to be run at any point on their curve.

Positive displacement pumps are able to handle variations in pressure, flow and viscosity and
remain efficient, unlike centrifugal pumps which do not operate well off the center of their
curve. As their flow rate remains constant (proportional to the speed of operation), smooth and
low pulsating despite changes in the pressure, positive displacement pumps such as peristaltic,
piston and diaphragm pumps are ideal solutions for dosing applications as it allows accurate
metering to be carried out.

Types of Positive Displacement Pumps

2.1Reciprocating pumps:
Pumping takes place by to and fro motion of the piston or diaphragm in the cylinder. It is
often used where relatively small quantity of liquid is to be handled and where delivery pressure
is quite large.

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2.1.1Piston pump:
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal
reciprocates with the piston. The pump has a piston cylinder arrangement. As the piston, goes
away after the delivery stoke, low pressure is created in the cylinder which opens the suction
valve. On forward stoke, the fluid filled inside the cylinder is compressed which intern opens the
delivery valve for the delivery of liquid.

Fig. Piston pump

2.1.2Diaphragm pump:
uses a combination of the reciprocating action of a rubber, thermoplastic or Teflon diaphragm
and suitable non-return check valves to pump a fluid. Sometimes this type of pump is also called
a membrane pump.

Fig. Diaphragm pump

2.2 Rotary pumps:

In rotary pumps, relative movement between rotating elements and the stationary element of the
pump cause the pumping action. The operation is different from reciprocating pumps, where
valves and a piston are integral to the pump. They also differ from centrifugal pumps, where
high velocity is turned into pressure. Rotary pumps are designed so that a continuous seal is
maintained between inlet and outlet ports by the action and position of the pumping elements
and close running clearances of the pump. Therefore, rotary pumps do not require valve
arrangements similar to reciprocating pumps .

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2.2.1Gear pumps:
uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are one of the most common
types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications. The rigid design of the gears and houses
allow for very high pressures and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids.

fig. Gear pump

2.2.2Lobe pump:
Lobe pumps are similar to external gear pumps in operation in that fluid flows around the
interior of the casing. As the lobes come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet
side of the pump. Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the lobes as they rotate. Liquid
travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the lobes and the casing. Finally,
the meshing of the lobes forces liquid through the outlet port under pressure.

Fig. Lobe pump

2.2.3Screw Pump:
These pumps are rotary, positive displacement pumps that can have one or more screws to
transfer high or low viscosity fluids along an axis. Although progressive cavity pumps can be
referred to as a single screw pumps, typically screw pumps have two or more intermeshing
screws rotating axially clockwise or counterclockwise. Each screw thread is matched to carry a
specific volume of fluid. Screw pumps provide a specific volume with each cycle and can be
dependable in metering applications.

Fig. screw pump

2.2.4Vane pump:

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A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor
that rotates inside of a cavity. In some cases, these vanes can be variable length and/or tensioned
to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates.

Fig. Rotary plunger pump

Suction and forced delivery of the liquid occur with the reciprocating motion of the plungers as
a result of centrifugal forces and spring action. Rotary pumps of this type may have as many as
72 plungers arranged in multiple rows, provide a delivery Q ≤ 400 liters/min, and build up a
pumping pressure ρ ≤ 100 MN/m2.

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CONCLUSION:
Pumps have multiple applications, and they are widely used in residential,
commercial and industrial buildings. As a result, a wide variety of pump
designs has been developed. However, variety can also lead to confusion,
and using the wrong pump for an application can cause energy waste or
even equipment damage.

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REFERENCES:

1. Submersible slurry pumps in high demand. Engineeringnews.co.za. Retrieved on 2011-

05-25.
2. Pump classifications. Fao.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-25.
3. Engineering Sciences Data Unit (2007). "Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps.
Introduction" (PDF).
4. Engineer, Waqar (26 April 2021). "Positive displacement pump". Mechanical oost. {{cite
web}}: External link in |ref= (help)
5. "Understanding positive displacement pumps | PumpScout" . Retrieved 2018-01-03.
6. "The Volumetric Efficiency of Rotary Positive Displacement
Pumps". www.pumpsandsystems.com. 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
7. inc., elyk innovation. "Positive Displacement Pumps - LobePro Rotary
Pumps". www.lobepro.com. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
8. "Eccentric Disc Pumps". PSG.
9. "Hollow Disc Rotary Pumps". APEX Equipment.
10. "M Pompe | Hollow Oscillating Disk Pumps | self priming pumps | reversible pumps |
low-speed pumps". www.mpompe.com.

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