Chapter 1B: Separation

Techniques Challenge questions

Group Challenge Qn 1
How can Jayden remove copper from a mixture of
sand and copper?
Answer:
Filtration
Q2 Using only laboratory apparatus, explain how
Jerod can obtain psyllium husk from a mixture of
table salt and psyllium husk. You can use diagrams
to aid your explanation.
• Materials Needed:

• Mixture of table salt and psyllium husk

• Water

• Beaker

• Funnel

• Filter paper

• Stirring rod

• Procedure:

• Prepare the Mixture: Start with the mixture of table salt and psyllium husk. Ensure it's well-mixed for uniform distribution.

• Add Water: Place the mixture in a beaker and add water. Stir the mixture to dissolve the salt in water. Psyllium husk does not dissolve in water, so it will remain in the mixture as solid particles.

• Filtration Setup: Set up the filtration apparatus. Place the funnel over another beaker and insert filter paper into the funnel.

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• +------------------------+ | Funnel | | | | +----------------+ | | | Filter Paper | | | +----------------+ | | | | +----------------+ | | | Beaker for | | | | Collecting | | | | Filtrate | | +------------------------+

• Pour the Mixture: Carefully pour the mixture of water, dissolved salt, and psyllium husk onto the filter paper in the funnel. The filter paper will trap the solid psyllium husk while allowing the liquid (saltwater) to pass
through.

• Collect the Filtrate: The liquid collected in the beaker beneath the funnel is the filtrate, which contains dissolved table salt. Psyllium husk will be retained on the filter paper.

• Dry the Psyllium Husk: Carefully remove the filter paper with the psyllium husk from the funnel. Allow the psyllium husk to air dry or use another method to dry it.

• Jerod will now have successfully separated psyllium husk from the mixture using the filtration technique.
Group Challenge Qn 3• Jack thinks that he can
obtain water from a mixture of water and table
salt through filtration. Do you think he will be
successful? Explain your answer.• If you think Jack
will be unsuccessful, suggest an alternative
method to use
Answer:Distillation
 Group Challenge Qn 4• Joseph believes that
evaporating a solution of sodium chloride to
dryness will result in nothing being left behind in
the evaporating dish. Is he correct? Explain your
answer.
• Joseph is not correct. When a solution of sodium chloride (table salt) is evaporated to dryness,
the salt itself is left behind in the evaporating dish.
• Here's the explanation:
• Formation of a Solution: When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, it forms a solution. In this
solution, the sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are surrounded by water molecules.
• Evaporation: When the solution is heated or left to evaporate, the water molecules escape into
the air as vapor, leaving the ions behind.
• Residue Formation: As the water evaporates, the sodium ions and chloride ions come closer
together and eventually form solid sodium chloride crystals. These crystals are left as a residue in
the evaporating dish.
• Dryness: Evaporating to dryness means that all the water has been removed, but the sodium
chloride remains as a solid.
• In summary, Joseph will find that after evaporating the solution to dryness, he will be left with the
original sodium chloride in the form of dry crystals in the evaporating dish.
Group Challenge Qn 5• Toobtainsodiumchloridesaltfromamixtureof rice and sodium chloride, Jenny added
water to the mixture. She then placed the mixture in an evaporating dish and evaporated it to dryness. She
claimed that the solid obtained is sodium chloride. Do you agree? Explain your answer.•
Jennyusesthesamemethodabovefor copper(II) chloride salt from a mixture of rice and copper(II) chloride
salt. Do you agree? Explain your answer. [Note: copper(II) chloride is soluble in water]

• Yes, I agree with Jenny's claim. The process she followed, adding
water to the mixture, and then evaporating it to dryness is a valid
method to obtain sodium chloride. Rice is not soluble in water, so it
remains unchanged during the process. Sodium chloride dissolves in
water, and upon evaporation, it recrystallizes, leaving behind solid
sodium chloride.
• For the mixture of rice and copper(II) chloride:
Group Challenge Qn 6In chromatography,(a) Why was the starting line
drawn in penciland not in ink?(b) Why was it important for the level of
solvent used in the experiment to be below the start line at the
beginning?(c) Why is it important that the spot placed on the starting line
be small?

a) To prevent the result to be in accurate

b) To prevent the spot from dissolving in the solvent
c) To prevent the sport from overlapping each other.