5

A fixed mass of gas, at a constant temperature of 300 K, exerts a pressure of 100 000 Pa in a
syringe of volume 30cm3 as shown in Fig. 4.1.

syringe

Fig.4.1

(a) (i) The gas in the syringe is at an absolute temperature of 300 K.

Define the term absolute temperature.

......... t11

(ai) Convert 300 K to degrees celsius.

........."c [1]
(iii) State and explain the effect of increasing the temperature of the gas when the volume
is kept constant.

.....t2)
(b) The volume of the gas in the syringe is reduced by one quarter, The temperature of the
gas remains constant.

Calculate the new pressure exerted by the gas.

pressure =
 6 For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 4.1 shows an uncatibrated mercury thermometer with two fixed points A and B
marked on it. The fixed points are to be determined using pure water.

mercury thread

Fig. 4.1

(a) What are the temperature values of point A and point B?

Point A =

Point B = 121

(b) Describe an experiment to show that point A has been marked correctly.

€"
q

121

(c) The distance between points A and B is 25cm.

Determine the temperature reading if the mercury thread stops 15 cm from point A.

€'
E

temperature reading ................'. t2I

 5 For
Examinefs
Fig.4.1 shows apparatus used to investigate the relationship between the temperature and Use

the p.d. across the hot and cold junctions-of a thermocouple.

,l
fra
c

cold hot
junction junction

t
heat

F[g.4.1

(a) Explain why the cold junction should be kept in melting ice throughout the investigation.

,....,.......,.i..i,r...,...r....,.r..tr.,r

(ir
(iuxt
 For
Examinef s
I t^^

(b) Fig. .zshows a graph of the ternperature against corresponding values of the p'd' as
the oil is heated.

1 200

1 000

800

temp/"C 600

400

200

0
46
t-)r'.::.
p.d.imV l:,
d1i'; ;, : I

Fig.4.2

Use the graPh to

(i) Describe the relationship between the temperature of the

oil and'the P-d. across
the junctions.

(ii) Find the temperature of the oil when the p.d. is 10 mv. convert this temperature to
a value on Kelvin scale.

temP =
t3l

(c) Give two advantages of a thermocouple. thermometer over a liquid-in-glass

thermometer.
 5 For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 3.1 shows a 2000W electric kettle connected to the mains being used to boil some
water. The kettle is placed on an electronic balance and the balance reads 350.0 g.

350.0 s electronic balance

Fig. 3.1

(a) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 336 J /9.

Explain the meaning of this statement.

t1l

(b) After boiling the water for a while, the balance displays a reading of 330.0 g.
Determine

(i) the mass of the water vaPorised,

MASS = t1I

(ii) the amount of heat energy used to vaporise the water,

heat energy = l2l

(iii) the time taken to vaporise the water.

time = 121
 (a) (i) Define absoJute zero.

(ii) Siaie the u.aiue of absoluie zeio rn cJagrees Celsius.

_ ,^, -':i
-t ,r ' t_., '
* "'

(b) Fig" 5- 1 shows a 0-40 kg iron bolt being cooled by immersing it in 8,0 kg of water
at 25 "C.
The specific heat capacity of iron is 450J/(ig;C) and that of water rs 4ZAOJ/(kg"C).
The initialtenrperature of the iron bolt is 900.C.

insuiator
I

1'd

waier

Fig. s.1

Find the final temperaiure of the water.

,{
:l

final lemperature = i3l

 For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 4.1 shows an energy source.

cold wate r steam out

Earth's surface
-.-l
rl lr
'-,.,1

hot rock-

Fig.4.1

1000 kg of cold water at20'C is pumped down to the hot rock.

The water boils at 100'C and 100 kg of water turns into steam.

(a) State the name of the energy source shown in Fig. 4.1.

I1l

(b) Calculate

oC,
(i) the energy needed to heat all the water from 20'C to 100
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/(kg "C)'

energy = tzl

(ii) the energy needed to change 100 kg of water to steam.

The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 x 106J/kg'

energy = 12)

(c) Suggest one environmental impact of the source of energy in Fig. 4.1 .

t1l
 3 For
Exarniner's
Usa
Fig. 2.1 shows a spring balance used to measure the weight of a block of metal.

metalblock

Fig.2.1

fr (a) (i) What is the weight of the block?

weight = """""""":"""""""'
(ii) Calculate the mass of the block. Take g as 10 N/kg.

(b) The volume of the block is 1 10 cm3.

Calculate its density.

density = .............. ......... t2l

A gas cylinder contains some gas at a pressure of 6.0 x 103 Pa and a temperature of 20 "C.

(b) The cylinder has an internal base area ol 7.1 x 10-2 m2.

Calculate the force exerted by the gas on the base of the cylinder.
 For
4 Examinels
Use

of the gas'
(c) The tap of tl-re cylinder is opened to release half the mass

(i) what change, if any, occurs to the volume of the gas inside the cylinder?

t1l

(ii) The temperature of the gas in the cylinder drops to "C'

0

gas?
What effect does this drop have on the prdssure of the

particles'
Explain your answer in terms of the motion of the

[,:

the specific heat capacity of copper'

Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus used to determine

power

Fig' 4'1
(a) and givi"ingthe functions of the devices Ml' M2' M' and R'
Complete the tabte by narning
 5 For
Exaninels
(b) The copper block has a
nrass of 1 .4 kg. The block is heated for 300 s and its
Use

temperature increases from 25.C to S0 "C.

The specific heat capaeity of copper is 390 J/(kg "C).

(i) Catculate

1. the temperature rise of the block,

temperature rise =

2. the heat energy that causes this temperature rise.

heat energy =

(ii) The total heat energy supplied by the heater in the 300 s is 1B 000 J.

Calculate

1. the amount of heat energy lost,

heat lost =

{., 2. the rate at which heat energy is lost.

rate of heat loss -

(iii) Suggest one way of reducing the heat loss from the block.

17l
 4
For
Examiner's
3 Table 3.1 shows the temperature of a substanc e atZminute intervals, during heating. t-l.se

The substance is a solid at-42'C.

Table 3.1

time/minutes 0 ? 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2A

temperaturei "C -42 -39 -39 -39 -30 -15 0 16 32 48 63

(a) Define melting point.

t1l

(b) What state is the substance at 0'C? Explain how you obtained your answer.

..'..............'.

....,.........:... ...".. 121

(c) The substance has a latent heat of fusion of 11 300 J /9. lt is heated by a heater nated at
3 000w.

(i) Calculate the energy supplied by the heater in 120 seconds.

energy ........."... t2l

(ii) Calculate the mass of the substance that will melt in 120 seconds.

mass = l2l
(iii) What assumption did you make in answering (c)(ii)?

t1l
 Far
7 Exaninels
Use

6 Lemonade is cooled by adding lumps of ice to it. 140g of ice at a ternperature of 0"C cools
0.90k9 oi lemonade fqom 26oC to 12"C.

The latent heat of fusilon of ice is 330000J/kg.

The specific heat capacity af water is 4200J/(kg"C).

(a) Calculate the amount of energY

(i) gained bY the ice in melting,

(ii) gained by the melted ice,

ener$! = t1l

(iii) lost by the lemonade.

energy = ........'.....' '.........-..."'[1]

(b) Find the specific heat capacity of lemonade.

specific heat capacity - ........... -... ..-.- ..-...'-"t21

(c) The actual amount of heat lost by the lemonade is smaller than that calculated in (aXiii).
Explain why.