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Practical Research 1 Quarter-4 : Week 1 and 2 module-1 :

Qualitative Research Design
Information technology (Quezon National High School)

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SHS

Practical Research I
Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2-
Module 1
Qualitative Research Design

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Practical Research I
Grade 11 Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2 - Module 1: Qualitative Research Design
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Wilhelm Francis C. Saldo, MT I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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Lesson Choosing Appropriate

1 Qualitative Research Design

Target

The word ‘design’ has various meanings. But, in relation to the subject
concern, it is a pattern or an outline of research project’s workings. It is the statement
of essential elements of a study that provides basic guidelines of conducting the
project. It is same as the blue print of architect’s work.

The research design is similar to broad plan or model that states how the
entire research project would be conducted. It is desirable that it must be in written
form and must be simple and clearly stated. The real project is carried out as per the
research design laid down in advance.

This lesson will help you design on what research design is appropriate and
should be used for your research paper. Furthermore, you are expected to:
a. Choose appropriate qualitative research design CS_RS11Va-c1

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Jump Start

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following

activities.

Activity 1. Draw me!

Instruction: Using any kind of drawing material, design a blueprint of the house you
would like to build in the near future. Make sure to place labels and measurements
and answer the questions that follow.

My Dream House

1. What do you think is the importance of a blueprint in building a house?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What could possibly happen to house constructed without blueprints?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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Discover

You have learned in the previous module that qualitative research involves
collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or
experiences. You were also able to grasp the difference between quantitative and
qualitative research and even determined possible research titles in the different
fields of specialization.
This time, you will learn on the different designs used in qualitative research
studies. But before that, let us first define what research design is:

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques

chosen by a researcher. The design allows researchers to hone in on
research methods that are suitable for the subject matter and set up
their studies up for success.

If you already have an idea as to what design is applicable in your research,

you have to finalize in mind the following:

1. What is the purpose of your research based on the research design?

2. What are the philosophical bases of your study?
3. What type of data is applicable in your research?
4. What is the method to be used in analyzing your data?
What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

a. Ethnography
This is a qualitive method often used in the social sciences particularly
in anthropology and in sociology. It is often employed in gathering data on
human society to describe culture like origin, values and roles in a particular
group. Data collection in this type of design is done through observation,
interview and questionnaires.
b. Phenomenology
Phenomenology is a 20th century philosophical movement dedicated to
describing the structure of experience as they present themselves to
consciousness, without resource to theory and assumptions from other
disciplines. It focuses on the lived experience for several individuals. Its
purpose is to rigorously understand the phenomenon by systematic
examination and describe the essence of lived experience.
c. Grounded Theory
Grounded theory is an inductive technique developed for health-related
topics by Glaser and Strauss. It emerged from the discipline of sociology. The
term grounded means that the theory developed from the research has its
roots from the data where it was derived. \

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d. Historical Research
This refers to the systematic collection and objective evaluation of data
related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis concerning causes,
effects that help to explain present events and anticipate future events. Its
purpose is to make people aware of what has happened in the past to learn of
pasts failures and successes; to learn how things were done in the past to see
if such are applicable for the present; to understand education practices and
policies and to test hypothesis concerning relationships or trends.
e. Case Study
This research design is a useful tool for investigating trends and
scientific situations in many scientific disciplines especially social sciences,
psychology, anthropology, and ecology. This method of study is useful for
trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world situations. It is
an exploration of a bounded system or a case over time through detailed data
collection involving multiple sources of information within a context. Data
collection strategies involve observations, interviews, documents, archival
records and participant observation.

Explore

Activity 1. Let’s Determine!

Instruction: Determine the appropriate research design based on the following

research topics. Write your answers in the blank provided before each number.

_______________1. Cultural practices of the Ilocanos of La Union.

_______________2. Success story of an entrepreneur

_______________3. The way of life of the Mangyans, their folkways and mores

_______________4. Fears and anxieties of teenagers

_______________5. Agriculture of the pre-historic period

Activity 2. Answer me!

Instruction: Carefully read and answer the following questions below. You may
write your answers on a separate sheet.

1. What research topic/study would you like to work on?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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2. Why do you like to work on that topic?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the appropriate research design to be used in your
study?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Deepen

Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this

lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial.
1. What is a research design?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the importance of a research design in a research paper?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the impact of an inappropriate research design in a
study?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson Sampling Procedure and

2 Sample

Target

In the previous lesson, you were able to learn on the different research designs
that could be used in conducting a qualitative research study. This time, you will
have a wider view of how samples are determined in this type of research. Bear in
mind that in qualitative research, a sample is a smaller set of cases a researcher
selects from a large group and generalizes the population.
Furthermore, experts say that a sample appropriate to the research questions
and theoretical aims are needed to fully analyze the topic and answer the questions
in the study.
Hence, at the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
a. Describe sampling procedure and sample CS_RS11Va-c2

Jump Start

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activity. Have fun
learning and good luck!

Activity 1. Let’s Measure!

Direction: Make a list of the different sampling procedures you know and determine
whether it is under probability or non-probability sampling technique.

Sampling Procedure Probability Sampling/ Non-Probability

Sampling

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Discover

To understand further this lesson, the first thing to do is to be well versed of

the difference between Population and Sample:

Population, Sample and Sampling

The population refers to the totality of objects,
elements, person and characteristics under a given
condition. In other words, population refers to the
entire group that you want to draw conclusions
about.

On the other hand, sample is the specific

group that you will collect data from which also
refers as the subset in a population.

Sampling in contrary is the process of

technique of choosing a sample from a population
to participate in the study.

https://www.scribbr.com
Qualitative Sampling

In qualitative research, the goal of sampling is to get a representative sample

size from a population to study and create accurate generalizations based on the
data that will be gathered. The researcher should remember that there are no fast
and hard rules in determining the sample size. The characteristics and objectives of
the study will determine how many individuals should be selected. You continue to
sample until you are not getting new information or are no longer getting new insights
also known as the concept of saturation. However, there are also other guidelines
recommended in determining the number of respondents:

Proponent Research Design Suggested Respondent

Morse (1994) Ethnography 30-50 participants
Morse (1994) Grounded Theory 30-50 interviews
Creswell (1998) Phenomenological 5-25 participants
These recommendations can help a researcher estimate how many
participants they will need, but ultimately, the required number of participants
should depend when saturation is reached.
Sampling is done to collect cases, events, or actions that will clarify and
deepen understanding. There is a need to think carefully as to what sampling
procedure should be used by the researcher to come up with a sound study. The
following are Non-probability Sampling procedures that are commonly used in
qualitative research:

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A. Convenience Sampling
Convenience sampling is defined as a method adopted by researchers
where data is collected from a conveniently available pool of respondents. It is
the most commonly used sampling technique as it’s incredibly prompt,
uncomplicated, and economical. In many cases, members are readily
approachable to be a part of the sample.

B. Quota Sampling
Quota sampling is defined as a non-probability sampling method in
which researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a
population. Researchers choose these individuals according to specific traits
or qualities. These samples can be generalized to the entire population. The
final subset will be decided only according to the interviewer’s or researcher’s
knowledge of the population.
C. Snowball Sampling
Snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling is defined as a non-
probability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare
to find. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide
referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.

Explore

Activity 1. Complete me!

Direction: Complete the table below by supplying the needed information in each
item. Make your answers brief but substantial. Answer in a separate sheet.

Sampling Procedure Brief Discussion

1.

2.

3.

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Activity 2. What is best?

Direction: Evaluate the following research topics and determine the best sampling
procedure to be used. Add a brief explanation.

1. Lived experiences of front liners who responded during the Co Vid 19 pandemic.
Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________
Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The effect of too much exposure in online games to senior high school students.
Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________
Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Wedding practices of the Ilocanos
Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________
Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Deepen

Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this

lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial.
1. What is the difference between population and sample?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What makes quota sampling different from snowball sampling?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the main reason why researchers prefer to use purposive
sampling in the conduct of their research?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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Gauge

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a
separate sheet.

1. Which of the following is considered as the framework of a research paper?

A. Sample B. Research Design
C. Population D. Methodology

2. What type of research design is oftentimes used in sociology and

anthropology?
A. Ethnography B. Case Study
C. Phenomenology D. Historical Research

3. What research design should be used if you want to study the experiences of
people?
A. Ethnography B. Case Study
C. Phenomenology D. Historical Research

4. Which of the following refers to the systematic collection and objective

evaluation of data related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis
concerning?
A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology
C. Case Study D. Historical Research

5. Which of the following research designs refers to an inductive technique

developed for health-related topics that emerged to the discipline of
sociology?
A. Grounded Theory B. Phenomenology
C. Case Study D. Historical Research

6. What research design should be used if you want to learn from the past to
see if their practices before are applicable to the present?
A. Grounded Theory B. Phenomenology
C. Case Study D. Historical Research

7. If a researcher would like to study the way of life of the Ilocanos, their
folkways and mores, what research design would he most likely to use?
A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology
C. Case Study D. Historical Research

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8. What research design requires the researcher’s personal participation as part

of the research study?
A. Ethnography B. Phenomenology
C. Case Study D. Historical Research

9. Which statement describes the sample in a population?

A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the
subset in a population.
B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given
condition
C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to
participate in the study
D. None of these

10. Which of the following correctly defines a population?

A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the
subset in a population.
B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given
condition
C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to
participate in the study
D. None of these

11. Which of these correctly defines sampling in qualitative research?

A. The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the
subset in a population.
B. The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given
condition
C. The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to
participate in the study
D. None of these

12. What most likely should a researcher do if he/she already reached saturation
of data and no longer getting new information?
A. Have more respondents to have more data
B. Look for more respondents in other places to compare the gathered data
C. Stop having additional respondents for he had already gathered the
required data from the research
D. None of these

13. In a research study, a participant/informant refers the researcher to a known

respondent. What type of sampling procedure is employed?
A. Quota Sampling B. Purposive Sampling
C. Snowball Sampling D. Convenient Sampling

14. If a researcher takes respondents that are of his ease, what type of sampling
technique is done?
A. Quota Sampling B. Snowball Sampling
C. Purposive Sampling D. Convenient Sampling

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15. Which type of sampling procedure is being described in the statement below?
“A non-probability sampling method in which researchers create a sample
involving individuals that represent a population.”
A. Quota Sampling B. Snowball Sampling
C. Purposive Sampling D. Convenient Sampling

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Gauge
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. A
Lesson 1: Lesson 2:
Jumpstart: Jumpstart:
Answer may vary Answer May vary
Explore: Explore:
Activity 1 Activity 1
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Activity 2 Activity 2
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Deepen: Deepen:
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Answer Key
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References

Baraceros, Esther L. Practical Research I. Sampaloc Manila: REX Publishing, 2016.

Bhandari, Pritha. Scribr. 30 July 2020. 6 January 2021.

https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/ercb.htm. n.d. 7 January
2020.

iEduNote. n.d. 5 January 2021.

Jaideep, S. n.d. 24 February 2021.

Negrinelli, Michelle. "quora.com." n.d. 5 January 2021.

Prieto, Nelia G. Practical Research for Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, 2017. Document.
Rabang, Jenny Rose F. Practcial Research 1. Puerto Princessa City, 2020.

Sambad, Jagdish. SlideShare. 24 May 2018. 26 February 2021.

Sambath, Jagbid. slideshare.net. 24 May 2018. 7 January 2021.

Slideshare.net. 20 January 2010. 6 January 2021.

Statistics Solution. n.d. 25 February 2021.

Tamayo, Cynthia J. Practcial Research I. Pasig City, 2020. Document.

weetechsolutions.com. n.d. 6 January 2021.

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