1) Complete the following sentences about how things used to be 50 years ago.

Fill is the gaps with the correct

form of used to and the words in brackets.

1. Not too many people _________________________ (live) in the cities.

2. Salaries ________________________ (be) much lower.
3. People ________________________ (not buy) so much stuff.
4. People ________________________ (not get) divorced.
5. People__________________ (not eat) so much processed food; their diet was healthier.
6. People _________________________ (have) more children and at a younger age.
7. People ________________________ (not travel) so often, or they just didn't travel at all.
8. People________________________ (write) letters because they didn't have computers.
9. People _______________________ (not live) together before getting married.
10. Families _____________________ (be) closer and more connected than they are today.

2) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of used to .

11. What music ________________ to like when you were a child?

12. I ________________ listen to music when I was a child.
13. We________________ to the cinema at weekends.
14. They ________________ in the country, but now they live in the city
15. I ________________ the cake you made me last week.
16. ________________ have long hair when you were younger?
17. She ________________ very tall when she was in school.
18. I ________________ to bed very late on Fridays and Saturdays.
19. Robert ________________ in a band.
20. I ________________ my right arm in a skiing accident when I was 21.

3) Complete the text with used to, didn’t use to, did … to and the words in brackets

Interviewer: What 1________________ (you/be) like when you were a child?

Sally: I remember I 2________________ (wear) very thick glasses, and I _____________ (be) quite
short and uncoordinated. To be honest, I ______________ (not like) myself very much.
However, I'd say I had a very happy childhood.
Interviewer: What 5________________ (you/do) for fun?
Sally: Oh, I have great memories. We ________________ (not have) phones or technology of any
kind and the streets ________________ (be) safer than now, so we ________________ (play)
outdoors all the time.
Interviewer: 9 ________________ (you/get) good marks in school?
Sally: Yes, I 1________________0 (study) very hard.

Used to
Past habits
We use used to for past habits or things that happened repeatedly in the past, but they don’t happen
any more.
 I used to play chess every day, but now I don’t play very often.
 When the economy was better, we used to eat out every week.

Past states
We use used to with non-action verbs (be, hav
e, etc.) for past states: things that were true in the past, but they are not true any more.
 She used to be very shy when she was a child.
 I used to like her music, but now I hate it.

Didn’t use to, did you use to?

We use did/didn’t + use to for negatives and questions.
 He didn’t use to travel a lot.
 ‘Did he use to live here?’ ‘Yes, he did.’
We can also use never for negatives
 We never used to argue.

Past simple vs used to

Past simple + always, usually, often, etc.
We can also use the past simple tense + frequency adverbs for past habits.
 I always met her at the bar down the street. (= I used to meet …)
 I usually had a big salad for dinner. (= I used to have …)

Past simple (NOT used to)

But we use the past simple (NOT used to) for actions that happened once or when we
mention when they happened.
 Last week I met her at the bar down the street. (NOT I used to meet …)
 I had a big salad for dinner last Sunday. (NOT I used to have …)

Usually or used to?

Used to is only used in the past. For present habits, we must use the present simple tense
with usually or normally.
 I usually get up very early at weekends. (NOT I use to get up …)
 We don’t usually play on Sunday. (NOT We don’t use to play)

Warning:
In statements, the form used to does not change. We do not use the verb be before it. It always
refers to past time:
We used to go to the seaside every summer when I was a kid.
Not: We are used to go … or We use to go … or We were used to go …
Question tags – Function
Question tags are used at the end of statements to turn the statements into questions. We normally use
question tags to check something you think you know or you think is true.

Question tags – Form

Use the same auxiliary verb as in the main sentence. If there is no auxiliary verb, use do for present
and did for past. And always use a comma before the question tag and a subject pronoun at the end (I,
you, he, she, it, we, you they)

 You are his brother, aren’t you?

 He will be there, won’t he?
 You work here, don’t you?
 Sam used to live in Scotland, didn’t he?

If the main sentence is negative, use a positive auxiliary. If the main sentence is positive, use a
negative auxiliary.

 You like it, don’t you?

 You don’t like it, do you?

Aren’t I?

Note when we have an affirmative sentence with I am, the question tag is aren’t I?

 I’m totally wrong, aren’t I?

Positive sentences, with negative tags

Present simple 'be' She is Italian, isn't she?

Present simple other verbs They live in London, don't they?
Present continuous We're working tomorrow, aren't we?
Past simple 'be' It was cold yesterday, wasn't it?
Past simple other verbs He went to the party last night, didn't he?
Past continuous We were waiting at the station, weren't we?
Present perfect They've been to Japan, haven't they?
Future simple She'll come at six, won't she?
Modals He can help, can't he?
Modals John must stay, mustn't he?

Negative sentences, with positive tags

Present simple 'be' We aren't late, are we?
Present simple other verbs She doesn't have any children, does she?
Present continuous The bus isn't coming, is it?
Past simple 'be' She wasn't at home yesterday, was she?
Past simple other verbs They didn't go out last Sunday, did they?
Past continuous You weren't sleeping, were you?
Present perfect She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she?
Future simple They won't be late, will they?
Modals She can't speak Arabic, can she?
Modals They mustn't come early, must they?

Present perfect continuous She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she?
Past perfect He had forgotten his wallet, hadn't he?
Past perfect continuous We'd been working, hadn't we?
Future continuous They'll be arriving soon, won't they?
Future perfect They'll have finished before nine, won't they?
Future perfect continuous She'll have been cooking all day, won't she?

Present perfect continuous He hasn't been running in this weather, has he?
Past perfect We hadn't been to London before, had we?
Past perfect continuous You hadn't been sleeping, had you?
Future continuous He won't be studying tonight, will he?
Future perfect She won't have left work before six, will she?
Future perfect continuous He won't have been travelling all day, will he?
Too
Before an adjective/adverb

We use too before an adjective or an adverb to mean ‘more than we need’ or ‘more than is necessary’.

 You are too young to enter this club.

 We arrived too late.

Too much
Before an uncountable noun

We can use too much before uncountable nouns to mean ‘more than we need’ or ‘more than is
necessary’.

 The doctor said that I drink too much coffee.

 I hate this city. There’s too much traffic.

After a verb

We can also use too much after a verb.

 You can’t take the car. You’ve drunk too much.

 He talks too much.

Too many
Before a plural noun

We use too many before plural nouns to mean ‘more than we need’ or ‘more than is necessary’.

 I didn’t enjoy the concert. There were too many people.

 They lost because they made too many mistakes.

Enough
Before a noun

We can use enough + noun to say that something is the correct number or amount.

 I have saved enough money to go to Rome on holiday.

 Do you have enough butter to cook?

In negative sentences we use (not) enough + noun to say that something is less than we want or we
need.

 We don’t have enough money to travel.

 I don’t have enough time to finish my homework before Monday.
After an adjective/adverb

We can use adjective/adverb + enough to mean ‘sufficiently’.

 This bed is big enough for the four of us.

 I think she spoke clearly enough. Everybody understood what she meant.

In negative sentences we can use (not) adjective/adverb + enough to mean ‘less than we want’ or
‘less than necessary’.

 You aren’t old enough to enter this club.

 You aren’t going fast enough. We are going to be late.

After a verb

We can also use verb + enough.

 I didn’t study enough and I failed the exam.

 I think you don’t sleep enough. You should sleep seven or eight hours a day.

Too, too much, too many, enough + to + infinitive

In English we often use to-infinitive with the expressions too, too much, too many, enough.

 I was too tired to go clubbing.

 She makes enough money to sustain all her family.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

Don’t use an adjective after too much

 I’m too tired to study now. (NOT: I’m too much tireI’m too much tiredI’m too much I’m too
much tiredI’m too much tired.

Don’t confuse the word too (=more than enough) with the word very.

 I think she is very beautiful. (NOT: think she is too beautiful.) I think she is too beautiful.)

Choose too, too much, too many, enough to complete the sentences below.
1There's ______________________smoke in here; I can't breathe.
2I don't earn ______________________to buy that car.
3My manager says that I play ______________________to win the competition.
4I know I talk ______________________ I should talk less.
5I don't think the door is ______________________to get the sofa into the room.
6______________________money can be bad for football players who are still in their 20s.
7I ate ______________________cakes and felt sick later.
8I can't drink this milk. It's ______________________hot.
9I think I've eaten ______________________ I don't feel very well.
10There weren't ______________________to play a match, so everybody went home.

Choose too, too much, too many, enough to complete each sentence.

1You work _____; you need a holiday.

a.too much b.too many c.too
2My parents got angry because my marks weren't _____.
a.enough good b.good enough c.too much good
3I can't help you. I have _____ problems right now.
a.too much b.too c.too many
4He didn't accept my project because he said it wasn't _____.
a.too much good b.enough good c.good enough
5This house is _____ small; we need a bigger one.
a.too b.too much c.enough
6You don't need to buy anything. I think we have _____ for the journey.
a.enough food b.food enough c.too many food
7I didn't study _____ and I failed the exam.
a.enough b.too many c.too
8This hospital is a total chaos. There are _____ patients and not _____ doctors.
a.to much / too many b.too / enough c.too many / enough
9People spend _____ time on their mobile phones.
a.too b.too many c.too much
10Aren't we _____ for these kinds of games?
a.too old b.too much old c.enough old