PPP:-In economics, purchasing power parity (PPP) is a condition between countries where an amount of money has the same

purchasing power in different countries. The prices of the goods between the countries would only reflect the exchange rates. The concept is based on the law of one price, where in the absence of transaction costs and official trade barriers, identical goods will have the same price in different markets when the prices are expressed in the same currency. Another interpretation is that the difference in the rate of change in prices at home and abroadthe difference in the inflation ratesis equal to the percentage depreciation or appreciation of the exchange rate. ALM: - In banking, asset and liability management is the practice of managing risks that arise due to mismatches between the assets and liabilities (debts and assets) of the bank. This can also be seen in insurance. Banks face several risks such as the liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and operational risk. Asset liability management (ALM) is a strategic management tool to manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk faced by banks, other financial services companies and corporations. NPA: Non-performing assets, also called non-performing loans, are loans,made by a bank or finance company, on which repayments or interest payments are not being made on time. A loan is an asset for a bank as the interest payments and the repayment of the principal create a stream of cash flows. It is from the interest payments than a bank makes its profits. Banks usually treat assets as non-performing if they are not serviced for some time. If payments are late for a short time a loan is classified as past due. Once a payment becomes really late (usually 90 days) the loan classified as non-performing. FPI:- In economics, foreign portfolio investment is the entry of funds into a country where foreigners make purchases in the countrys stock and bond markets, sometimes for speculation.[1] It is a usually short term investment (sometimes less than a year, or with involvement in the management of the company), as opposed to the longer term Foreign Direct Investment partnership (possibly through joint venture), involving transfer of technology. qualified audit report Auditor's report that says a company's financial statement gives a true and fair view subject to certain qualifying remarks. Companies try hard to avoid a qualification, which indicates weaknesses in their financial position or internal controls.