Group 5 Systems For Sanitary Drainage

Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address: roxas@capsu.edu.ph
SYSTEMS FOR SANITARY DRAINAGE
Reporters: (Group V)
Andrade, Faith Anne
Aguirre, Angel
Arches, Laika Mae
Daniel, Emherielle Rioros
Dizon, John Chris
Garcia, Elyanna Maree
I. SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sanitary drainage systems are an essential part of any building's plumbing infrastructure.
They are responsible for removing waste and wastewater from toilets, sinks, showers, and other
fixtures and transporting it to the sewer or septic system. A properly designed and installed
sanitary drainage system is critical for maintaining a safe and healthy environment for building
occupants.
TYPES OF SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
1. Separate Sanitary Drainage System
In this system, wastewater from toilets and urinals is separated from wastewater from sinks,
showers, and other non-toilet fixtures. The waste from toilets and urinals is carried away in a
separate pipe system to a treatment plant or septic system. The waste from other fixtures is
carried away in a separate pipe system to a treatment plant or septic system.
2. Combined Sanitary Drainage System
In this system, all wastewater from all fixtures is carried away in a single pipe system to a
treatment plant or septic system. This system is less expensive to install, but can be more prone
to clogs and other maintenance issues.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
COMPONENTS OF A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1. Drain Pipes
Drain pipes are the main component of a sanitary drainage system and are responsible for
carrying waste and sewage away from the building. They are typically made of PVC, cast iron or
copper and come in various sizes depending on the expected volume of waste.
Main drain: runs horizontally beneath the building and connects to the sewer line.
Branch drain: runs vertically from the main drain and connects to the building's plumbing
fixtures.
2. Traps
A trap is a curved section of pipe that is designed to prevent sewer gases from entering
the building. Traps are typically located below plumbing fixtures and are filled with water to
create a seal that prevents gases from escaping. There are several types of traps, including:
P-trap: shaped like the letter P, this trap is commonly used for sinks and other fixtures that drain
water.
S-trap: shaped like the letter S, this trap is commonly used for toilets and other fixtures that
drain waste.
VENTILATION AND TRAPS

Ventilation and traps are essential components of a sanitary drainage system, ensuring the safe
and effective removal of waste and preventing harmful gases from entering buildings.
Sewer gases are a mixture of gases that can develop in and escape from sewage and wastewater
systems. These gases can contain a combination of various compounds, including:
1. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): This is the most common and notable component of sewer gases. It
has a distinct "rotten egg" smell.
2. Methane (CH4): Methane is flammable and can be a component of sewer gases.
3. Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia can contribute to the odor of sewer gases and can be harmful
when inhaled.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): In high concentrations, carbon dioxide can displace oxygen and lead
to asphyxiation.
5. Other Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): These can include various organic compounds
released from decaying organic matter in sewage.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Code Compliance
Sanitary drainage systems must comply with local building codes and regulations. Designers
must be aware of the specific requirements for their location and ensure that their design meets
these standards.
Building Layout
The layout of the building and its intended use will impact the design of the sanitary drainage
system. Designers must consider the number and type of fixtures, the flow rate of wastewater,
and the location of the main drain and vent stack.
Material Selection
The material selected for the pipes and fittings must be durable, resistant to corrosion and
degradation, and able to withstand the expected flow rate and pressure. Common materials
include PVC, cast iron, and copper.
MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING

Regular Maintenance
A sanitary drainage system requires regular maintenance to ensure proper function and prevent
blockages. This includes cleaning of pipes, inspection of fixtures, and replacement of worn
components.
Cleaning Techniques
There are several techniques for cleaning a sanitary drainage system, including hydro jetting,
snaking, and chemical treatments. The appropriate method will depend on the severity and
location of the blockage.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
II. DRAIN AND PIPE DESIGN

III. SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Installing a sanitary drainage system involves several steps:
1. Planning
- Determine the layout of the system, including the placement of fixtures, pipes, and connections.
Ensure compliance with local building codes and regulations.
2. Materials
- Gather the necessary materials, including pipes (typically PVC or ABS), fittings, connectors,
and appropriate sealants.
3. Dig Trenches
- Excavate trenches in the ground where

the sewer pipes will be laid. Ensure proper slope for wastewater flow.
4. Install Pipes
- Lay the pipes in the trenches, connecting them with appropriate fittings. Maintain a consistent
downward slope to facilitate gravity-driven flow.
5. Connect Fixtures
- Connect the pipes to sanitary fixtures like toilets, sinks, showers, and floor drains. Use P-traps
to prevent sewer gas from entering the building.
6. Ventilation
- Install ventilation pipes to prevent the system from developing vacuum or

pressure. These pipes release sewer gases safely into the atmosphere.
7. Testing
- Conduct pressure and leakage tests to ensure the system is watertight and functioning correctly.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
8. Backfill
- Once the system is verified, backfill the trenches with soil, ensuring proper compaction to
prevent settling.
9. Final Inspection
- Have the installation inspected by the local building authority to ensure it complies with codes
and regulations.
10. Maintenance
- Regularly maintain the system by clearing blockages and inspecting for wear and tear to
prevent issues.
In conclusion, It's crucial to hire a professional plumber or contractor with

expertise in sanitary drainage system installation to ensure a safe and efficient setup.
IV. SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT SYSTEM DESIGN

What is a Sanitary Drainage System?
 Sometimes referred to as drain, waste and vent system (DWV).
 It is a network of pipes that remove a waste water from a building.
 In typical plumbing system operation, the sanitary drainage side of the system consist of
traps in each fixture, and fixture branch, stack, and drain pipes.
 Also known as gravity system since gravity is the driving force behind waste water flow.
What is a Sanitary VENT System?
 Introduces and circulates air in the system to maintain atmospheric pressure in the drain
lines and ensure adequate gravity flow of waste water.
 It prevents negative pressure or suction in the system.
 Exhausts sewer gases to the outdoors and allows the sewer and drain system to flow
freely by allowing the air to flow into the drain system therefore equalizing the pressure
within the pipes.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM
TRAPS - u-shaped pipe that holds a small

quantity of wastewater. The trapped water
prevents gases resulting from wastewater
decomposition from entering the building
through the drain pipes and fixtures.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAPS (based on their shape)
P-TRAPS
Exit into the wall behind the sink. This trap also has a
water seal and prevents the entry of foul gases into the
building.
Q-TRAPS
This trap is used in the toilet under water closet and is
used in the upper story other than the ground floor.
S-TRAPS
Usually used with siphonage pipe and is also use for
fixing water closets in the toilet.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
P-TRAP VS. S-TRAP:
S-Trap is used for outlet through the wall while S-Trap is through the floor.
RUNNING TRAP
A depressed U-shaped section of pipe in a drain; allows
the free passage of fluid, but always remains full,
whatever the state of the pipe, so that it forms a seal
against the passage of gases.
GULLY TRAP
A basin in the ground that receives piped wastewater
from your house before it enters the underground
sewer (wastewater pipe).
DRUM TRAP
Shaped like a drum and are about the size and shape of
a two-pound coffee can. Drum traps, like any other
trap, are designed to hold water in them. The water in
the trap makes a seal, and the seal prevents sewer
gases from escaping into the house.
BOTTLE TRAP
It serves the crucial function of preventing unwanted
materials from entering the drain system while also
maintaining a water seal to prevent foul odour from
escaping the drain.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
BELL TRAP
A trap that is used in a floor or roof drain in commercial
structures.
FLOOR TRAP (NAHNI TRAP)

A device which receives waste water from showers,
bathroom & kitchen floors and transmits it to the
drainage pipelines
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
SANITARY WASTE VENT
Sanitary waste removal pipes carry waste water and sewage from commercial buildings
to sewers. Making sure these systems are correctly designed and installed is crucial for any
building. If these systems don’t function properly, whether they aren’t properly planned or
become damaged, this could have detrimental effects for the occupants and for the business itself.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
Drain Vents
Drain, waste, and vent systems are installed in order to keep the air pressure in pipes neutral,
allowing waste and water to flow freely through them. Plumbing vents connect the pipes to the
outside of the building in order to expel the sewer gasses safely.
When water moves through a pipe it creates a positive pressure by compressing the air in front of
it, while doing the opposite to the air pressure behind it. Without vents this would cause a backup
through the drain, expelling the waste back into the building. This is why vents are placed near
every plumbing fixture to prevent positive and negative air pressure from occurring in the pipes.
https://www.heilmechanical.com/service/sanitary-waste-and-drain-vents/
Signs that the Plumbing Vent is Problematic?

It’s important to recognize the signs of a clogged or otherwise problematic vent for safety of
your family. Here are some common symptoms of a clogged plumbing vent:
1. Your water won’t drain. B e aware of any stagnant water in your bathtub, shower, sink,
and toilet that doesn’t drain when plunged, as this could be a sign of a clogged vent pipe.
2. Your toilet tanks are empty. Toilets that don’t fill with water may indicate a blockage
makes it escape out of your toilet and down the pipe.
3. You hear gurgling. Drains making gurgling or glugging noise as water goes down them
could indicate a blocked vent.
4. There are foul smells. Does your drain stink? Sulfurous odors can be caused by the vent
pipe sealing and trapping sewer gases. These odors can be dangerous: Methane can come
back up through your drain, causing nausea, dizziness, and headaches.
https://www.ahs.com/home-matters/repair-maintenance/learn-about-plumbing-vents/
Benefits of Sanitary Drainage and Vent System Design

A well-designed drainage system in buildings offers several benefits. Here are some of the key
advantages:
o Prevents Water Damage: A properly functioning drainage system effectively removes

excess water from the building, preventing water damage to the structure, foundations,
walls, and interior spaces. It helps avoid issues like leaks, dampness, mold growth, and
deterioration of building materials.
Tel. No. (036) 6214-578 fax No. (036) 6214-578
o Minimizes Health Risks: Efficient drainage systems ensure the prompt removal of
wastewater, reducing the risk of stagnant water accumulation and the associated health
hazards. Preventing waterborne diseases and the growth of bacteria and fungi helps
maintain a healthy and safe indoor environment.
o Reduces the Risk of Flooding: Adequate drainage systems efficiently manage
stormwater runoff, preventing flooding around and within the building. This protects the
property, occupants, and belongings from water-related damages caused by heavy rainfall
or other external factors.
o Maintains Structural Integrity: By controlling the water table and preventing water
accumulation in the soil surrounding the building's foundation, a well-designed subsoil
drainage system helps maintain the structural integrity of the building. It minimizes the
risk of soil erosion, foundation settlement, and potential damage to the building's stability.
o Improves Aesthetics and Landscaping: Proper drainage systems in outdoor areas, such
as gardens, courtyards, and parking lots, prevent standing water, soil erosion, and muddy
conditions. This contributes to a more visually appealing environment, enhances
landscaping possibilities, and ensures safer and more accessible spaces for building
occupants.
o Enhances Longevity and Value: An effective drainage system helps protect the
building's infrastructure, materials, and systems from water-related deterioration.
Minimizing damage and maintaining the building's condition can contribute to its
longevity and retain or enhance its value over time.
https://testbook.com/civil-engineering/drainage-system-in-building

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Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

SYSTEMS FOR SANITARY DRAINAGE

I. SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

2. Combined Sanitary Drainage System

COMPONENTS OF A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

VENTILATION AND TRAPS

2. Methane (CH4): Methane is flammable and can be a component of sewer gases.

MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING

II. DRAIN AND PIPE DESIGN

- Excavate trenches in the ground where

- Install ventilation pipes to prevent the system from developing vacuum or

In conclusion, It's crucial to hire a professional plumber or contractor with

IV. SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT SYSTEM DESIGN

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM

TRAPS - u-shaped pipe that holds a small

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAPS (based on their shape)

P-TRAP VS. S-TRAP:

FLOOR TRAP (NAHNI TRAP)

SANITARY WASTE VENT

Signs that the Plumbing Vent is Problematic?

Benefits of Sanitary Drainage and Vent System Design

o Prevents Water Damage: A properly functioning drainage system effectively removes

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