Mock Analysis

VARC 06 - 2023
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Sec 1
Directions for questions (1 to 4): The passage below is accompanied by a set of four questions. Choose the best answer to each question.
Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and fortune, is the closest thing Hinduism has to an economic deity. How poorly her earthly sisters in
present-day India are faring. There, women are less likely to work than they are in any country in the G20, except for Saudi Arabia. They
contribute one-sixth of economic output, among the lowest shares in the world and half the global average. The unrealised contribution of
women is one reason India remains so poor.
Yet far from joining the labour force, women have been falling away at an alarming pace. The female employment rate in India, counting both
the formal and informal economy, has tumbled from an already low 35% in 2005 to just 26% now. A rise in female employment rates to the
male level would provide India with an extra 235m workers, more than the EU has of either gender, and more than enough to fill all the
factories in the rest of Asia.
Imagine the repercussions. Were India to rebalance its workforce in this way, the IMF estimates, the world’s biggest democracy would be 27%
richer. Its people would be well on their way to middle-income status. Beyond the obvious economic benefits are the incalculable human
ones. Women who work are likelier to invest more in their children’s upbringing, and to have more say over how they lead their lives.
Some of the fall in female employment is a sign of progress. Girls are staying in school, and thus out of the labour force, for longer. But mostly
it is the result of two unwelcome trends. As households become richer, they prefer women to stop working outside the home. It is not unusual
in developing economies for a family’s social standing to be enhanced by having its women remain at home. But India stands out, as its
female labour-force participation rate is well below those of countries at comparable income levels.
Social mores are startlingly conservative. A girl’s first task is to persuade her own family that she should have a job. The in-laws she will
typically move in with after marriage are even more likely to yank her out of the workforce and into social isolation. The workforce has shifted
from jobs more often done by women— especially farming, where most Indian women work but are being displaced by mechanisation. At the
same time, inflexible and unreformed labour markets have hampered the rise of manufacturing and low-level services, the gateway for
women in other poor countries. In neighbouring Bangladesh, whose customs are not so different from India’s, a boom in garment
manufacturing has increased the number of working women by 50% since 2005. In Vietnam three-quarters of women work. But the mega-
factories that boosted female employment there are largely absent in India.
What can be done? Many of the standard answers fall short. Promoting education, a time-tested development strategy, may not succeed.
Figures show that the more schooling an Indian woman receives, the less likely she is to work, at least if she has anything less than a
university degree. Likewise urbanisation, another familiar way to alleviate poverty: city-dwelling women are half as likely as rural ones to have
a job. The most fruitful policy would be to reform India’s labour market so that women can be sucked into jobs en masse.
In fact, many fear that all that extra schooling was a parental ploy to improve a daughter’s prospects not in the labour market but in the
arranged-marriage market, part of the all-important quest to snag a suitable boy. A further push is needed to get Indian women what they
really need: a suitable job.
Q.1 [11979272]
Which of the following has been mentioned as a benefit of increasing female employment in India?
1 India will be able to supply workers to the factories of Asia.
2 More girls will be able to go to school.
3 India’s economic status will improve.
4 More women will help their families become part of the middle-class group.

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Q.2 [11979272]
What is the primary purpose of the author?
1 To enumerate the economic advantage of including women in India’s labour force
2 To highlight the detrimental effects of the low participation of women in India’s labour force
3 To showcase the low participation of women in India’s workforce as a reasons for its poor financial growth
4 To analyse the causes of low female employment in the country with some suggested remedies


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Q.3 [11979272]
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
1 India, the world’s largest democracy, can do better financially.
2 India’s neighbour, Bangladesh, has increased its working population by 50%.
3 Vietnam has more number of factories as compared to India.

4 India’s financial progress has not been up to the expectation of IMF.

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Q.4 [11979272]
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
1 In Bangladesh, majority of the females are part of the labour force.
2 Increase in female employment will lead to greater self freedom for females.
3 A female with a university degree will be more likely to join the labour force.
4 Keeping the female child in school for a longer duration is not beneficial in the long run.

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One constant in China has been the poor state of workers’ rights and the frequent outbreaks of labour unrest. From coalminers in the snowy
north-east to factory staff in the steamy Pearl River Delta, workers have agitated against low pay, wage arrears, unsafe conditions and job
losses. A law on labour contracts that took effect in 2008 aimed to keep Chinese hard-hats happier, and on paper it should have succeeded.
Indeed, the worldwide ranking of employment-protection laws by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, a rich-
country think-tank, puts China near the very top of the tables on several indicators.
In practice, however, the law has only helped a bit. The lack of independent unions or genuine collective bargaining leaves China’s blue-collar
workers vulnerable and grumpy. Incidents of labour unrest remain widespread. Around 600 strikes or protests have been reported this year,
according to researchers at China Labour Bulletin, a Hong Kong-based watchdog, who reckon this tally of known incidents may represent only
10-15% of the actual number. The government is trying to keep unrest in check by lowering the threshold at which the police intervene. In
Beijing protests used to be broken up if 50 workers showed up; now ten will suffice.
But even though the law has left blue-collar workers in the lurch, it has brought considerable, unintended benefits for white-collar ones.
Managers in all sorts of companies—Chinese, foreign, state-owned and private—complain that the law makes it difficult to fire office staff,
even in cases of egregious malfeasance. “When the law was written, we didn’t anticipate this,” says Wang Kan of the China Institute of
Industrial Relations.
He describes a case involving a senior executive at a big technology company who was caught subcontracting work at grossly inflated prices
to a firm that he had established using a relative’s name. His employer was unable to meet the extensive documentary and procedural
requirements laid out in the law, so could not dismiss him. The executive’s departure instead came on terms he dictated: he got a huge payout
and the firm he was leaving even waived non-compete restrictions it would normally have imposed.
Blue-collar workers may have even less job security than before, partly because of slowing growth and the closure of some state-owned firms.
Yet they are often unable to use the labour law to protect themselves. Many of them, especially the tens of millions of migrant workers who
roam from job to job in construction and other lowly roles, are taken on without formal contracts, says Aaron Halegua of New York University,
even though that contravenes the law in itself. If an employer denies any relationship with a worker and there are no documents to prove one,
he says, the worker’s case will seldom reach a court or arbitration panel.
Q.5 [11979272]
Why does the author provide the example of the executive?
1 To highlight the extent of official wrongdoing in China
2 To give an example of malfeasance committed by public officials
3 To show an unintended consequence of the law regarding labour rights
4 To prove that the law in practice is ineffective in protecting the rights of workers
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Q.6 [11979272]
Which of the following is true as per the passage?
1 Lack of documentation hinders the hiring of workers in Chinese factories.
2 Police in China have become more and more brutal and unyielding.
3 The Chinese government doesn’t want people to strike and that’s why it has banned 10 people from working together.
4 The number of worker strikes reported in China is probably less than the actual number of strikes.

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Q.7 [11979272]
Which of the following has impacted the blue-collar workers in China?
1 Extensive documentary and procedural requirements laid out in the law
2 Difficulty in firing office staff as per the law
3 Lack of independent unions or genuine collective bargaining
4 Frequent outbreaks of labour unrest

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Q.8 [11979272]
Which of the following best describes the author’s style of presenting his ideas in the passage?
1 The author presents two sides of the same argument in an implicit manner.
2 The author recounts the application of a remedy and analyses its efficacy.
3 The author highlights the unintended consequences of following a utopian approach towards an otherwise resolvable problem.
4 The author showcases a problem and goes on to enumerate certain measures to overcome this deficiency.

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It is the honourable characteristic of Poetry that its materials are to be found in every subject which can interest the human mind. The
evidence of this fact is to be sought, not in the writings of Critics, but in those of Poets themselves.
A majority of the poems were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of
society is adapted to the purposes of poetic pleasure. Readers accustomed to the gaudiness and inane phraseology of many modern writers,
if they persist in reading this book to its conclusion, will perhaps frequently have to struggle with feelings of strangeness and awkwardness:
they will look round for poetry, and will be induced to enquire by what species of courtesy these attempts can be permitted to assume that
title. It is desirable that such readers, for their own sakes, should not suffer the solitary word Poetry, a word of very disputed meaning, to stand
in the way of their gratification; but that, while they are perusing this book, they should ask themselves if it contains a natural delineation of
human passions, human characters, and human incidents; and if the answer be favourable to the author's wishes, that they should consent to
be pleased in spite of that most dreadful enemy to our pleasures, our own pre-established codes of decision.
Readers of superior judgment may disapprove of the style in which many of these pieces are executed it must be expected that many lines
and phrases will not exactly suit their taste. It will perhaps appear to them, that wishing to avoid the prevalent fault of the day, the author has
sometimes descended too low, and that many of his expressions are too familiar, and not of sufficient dignity. It is apprehended, that the more
conversant the reader is with our elder writers, and with those in modern times who have been the most successful in painting manners and
passions, the fewer complaints of this kind will he have to make.
An accurate taste in poetry, and in all the other arts, Sir Joshua Reynolds has observed, is an acquired talent, which can only be produced by
severe thought, and a long continued intercourse with the best models of composition. This is mentioned not with so ridiculous a purpose as
to prevent the most inexperienced reader from judging for himself; but merely to temper the rashness of decision, and to suggest that if
poetry be a subject on which much time has not been bestowed, the judgement may be erroneous, and that in many cases it necessarily will
be so.
The tale of Goody Blake and Harry Gill is founded on a well-authenticated fact which happened in Warwickshire. Of the other poems in the
collection, it may be proper to say that they are either absolute inventions of the author, or facts which took place within his personal
observation or that of his friends. The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere was professedly written in imitation of the style, as well as of the spirit of
the elder poets; but with a few exceptions, the Author believes that the language adopted in it has been equally intelligible for these three last
centuries. The lines entitled Expostulation and Reply, and those which follow, arose out of conversation with a friend who was somewhat
unreasonably attached to modern books of moral philosophy.
Q.9 [11979272]
What can be inferred about the nature of poetry based on the above passage?
1 The acquiring of a sound poetic taste will require time and effort.
2 Poetry is not something that can be understood by all and sundry.
3 Poetry should primarily be written in the language of common men.
4 Poetry should be read by sidelining every preconceived notion.

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be so.
Q.10 [11979272]
Based on the passage, what does “an accurate taste in poetry” mean?
1 It refers to a preference that is acquired, and never comes from within.
2 It is one that is attained by continuous thought and interaction.
3 It refers to a taste that can be acquired only by composing a variety of pieces.
4 It is the preference that is possessed by the best models of composition.

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be so.
Q.11 [11979272]
Why does the author include the last paragraph in the passage?
1 To give an insight into the minds and works of the poet who has clearly taken inspiration from his own life for all the poems
2 To showcase the linguistic aspect of the poems with respect to the poet’s beliefs
3 To introduce us to some of the poems in the book by giving us autobiographical backgrounds to their settings
4 To discuss the poems in the book as works of imagination and simplicity

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be so.
Q.12 [11979272]
Which of the following best reflects the author’s tone towards the book under discussion?
1 Admiring in a nonchalant manner
2 Informative albeit in a subjective manner
3 Evaluative in a caustic manner
4 Appreciative in an analytical manner

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Moths belong to the night. We often only see them when light sends them spiralling down to surfaces, where they land and sit still, beaming
out messages like antennaed aliens: Greetings from the World of Darkness.
For many, their presence evokes fear; for some, wonder. For Emmet Gowin, who made the diversity of the order Lepidoptera in parts of Latin
America a subject of his photography, meeting these visitors was an opportunity to learn something new.
Over 160 million years of evolution, some 200,000 species of moths have developed an array of colours, shapes, sizes and behaviours. The
largest moths have wingspans of up to a foot. They are important pollinators and destructive pests.
It took Mr. Gowin, best known for the intimate, black and white images he made of his wife, Edith, about 20 years to make the acquaintance of
the nearly 1,300 moths from Panama, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador that he photographed for his latest book, Mariposas Nocturnas: Moths
of Central and South America, A Study in Beauty and Diversity, which will be released on Wednesday. A related exhibit opens at the
Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York on Thursday.
Alive, in color and against assorted backdrops from art history, Mr. Gowin’s moths portray an acceptance of uncertainty in scientific discovery,
the creative process and life more generally. They also present an exchange of beauty, a childlike curiosity and an appreciation for the hidden
ties between humans and moths.
In the 1970s, Mr. Gowin held an old cigar box full of dead insects his children had collected. He sprinkled them atop the crumbling pages of a
salvaged book.
He took a photograph and set it aside. “It was nothing in a way,” he said in an interview, “a book you can no longer read and insects that can no
longer fly.”
His photography remained focused on other subjects, ranging from family to the assorted effects of human activity on the planet.
In 1997, Mr. Gowin began shooting a series of aerial photographs of the Nevada Test Site, where the United States government detonated
more than 1,000 nuclear bombs from 1951 to 1992. Before long, Mr. Gowin welcomed a change from a landscape he found tragic. He
accepted a friend’s invitation to Ecuador, hoping to learn about ecology and finally study insects, particularly moths.
“This must be tragic too,” he recalled, “but it’s a new tragedy I’d like to learn about.”
Five years later, Mr. Gowin created a poster of 25 living specimens arranged in a grid for the lobby of the Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute in Panama. The moths were so varied that even the woman who framed the poster was surprised that the winged models all hailed
from the same Panama she did.
Mr. Gowin eventually made 50 more of these indexes of moths. Many subjects in the portraits are uncommon, and at least one is so rarely
seen that it only existed as a painting in a museum drawer.
“I wanted to just be astounded by what showed up,” he said.
And in that way, you can create your own stories about the moths on each page, and allow it to develop and evolve as you turn to the next.
Q.13 [11979272]
All of the following are false, except:
1 moths are afraid of the darkness.
2 all moths are important pollinators and destructive pests.
3 Gowin's photographs portrayed the effects of human life on the planet earth.
4 Mariposas Nocturnas: Moths of Central and South America, A Study in Beauty and Diversity is the only book written by Gowin.

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salvaged book.
longer fly.”
Q.14 [11979272]
Mr. Gown was better known as:
1 a black and white photographer.

2 a photographer who captured intimate portraits.
3 the one who captured black and white intimate portraits.
4 the photographer who took some black and white photos of Edith.

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salvaged book.
longer fly.”
Q.15 [11979272]
Which of the following is definitely not true according to the passage?
1 Moths are important pollinators, always conducive to creation.
2 Moths like bats are creatures of the night.
3 Gowin’s moths show how life is uncertain.
4 Gowin went to Ecuador through a friend.

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salvaged book.
longer fly.”
Q.16 [11979272]
The passage is most likely taken from a/an:
1 book on photography.
2 science journal.
3 newspaper column.
4 exhibition manual.

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Q.17 [11979272]
Directions for question (17): The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
1. According to Keynes, markets are not self-regulating and in the time frame of the fundamental market protagonist we would all be dead.
2. After the Great Depression and consequences of the failings of the market system, which led to massive inequality, unliveable cities,
pollution and decay, these policies were largely rejected by many industrializing societies.
3. Economic globalization today is, in effect, a reinvention of laissez-faire economics that was fashionable in the 19th century.
4. The laissez-faire advocates claimed that markets were self-regulating and, after sometime, prosperity would resume.

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Q.18 [11979272]
Directions for question 18: The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s
position.
Following a month of media hype that spread from Argentina to Russia, the Messi brand was hyped up while the man on the pitch remained
as small, introverted and enigmatic as ever. If the first match against Iceland had left one gasping for air, a solitary point with a new burden for
Lionel Messi to live with (the failed penalty), the second act saw him reduced even further. The shadow of Maradona may be a contributing
factor to the tiny genius’ mental block when it comes to the national team, but he wasn’t even able to be a shadow of himself on the night they
most needed to recover.
1 Messi’s past contributions overshadow his present performances for Argentina.
2 Messi’s bloated up image constructed by the media has failed to live up on the pitch.
3 Messi’s present performances stand out as a contrast to Maradona’s past glories.
4 Messi’s genius is failing to shine due to Maradona’s presence.

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Q.19 [11979272]
Directions for question (19): There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank
(option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: For although there’s much the hunter can know, about game and about its habitat, in the end he knows nothing about what is going
to happen here today, whether the longed-for and dreaded encounter will actually take place and, if it does, how it will end.
Paragraph: Hunter and quarry maintain different but overlapping maps of the hunting ground, places of refuge and prospect, places of prior
encounter._______(1)________ The hunter’s aim is to have his map collide with his quarry’s map, which, should it happen, will do so at a
moment of no one’s choosing. ________(2)________ Since there’s nothing he can do to make the encounter happen, the hunter’s energy goes
into readying himself for it, and trying, by the sheer force of his attention, to summon the animal into his presence.
__________(3)________Searching for his prey, the hunter instinctively becomes more like the animal, straining to make himself less visible, less
audible, more exquisitely alert._________(4)__________
1 Option 1
2 Option 2
3 Option 3
4 Option 4

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Q.20 [11979272]
1. The Amazon basin, spread across millions of hectares in multiple countries, hosts massive sinks of sequestered carbon, and the forests
are a key factor in regulating monsoon systems.
2. Satellite images show that about 4,200 sq km of forests have been destroyed up to July 24 under the new government.
3. It is a matter of global concern that deforestation in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil is increasing rapidly since January, when Jair Bolsonaro
took office as President.
4. While most nations tend to view their land and forests through the narrow prism of short-term economic gain, climate science data show
that they play a larger environmental role.
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Q.21 [11979272]
position.
The recent killing of a pedestrian by a self-driving Uber vehicle is the source of the latest negative headlines about this company. But there’s a
much deeper problem. While the leadership has changed — Dara Khosrowshahi replaced Uber’s co-founder Travis Kalanick as chief executive
last August after a series of scandals — the company itself has not evolved. The problem with Uber was never that the chief executive had
created a thuggish “Game of Thrones”-type culture, as Susan Fowler, an engineer, described it in a blog post. The problem was, and still is,
Uber’s business model: Its modus operandi is to subsidize fares and flood streets with its cars to achieve a transportation monopoly.
1 Uber's leadership change couldn't resolve the prevailing problems because of lack of able governing body who failed to take a strict
action when a pedestrian was killed.
2 Uber's business idea to settle for a transportation monopoly is the main flaw which even changes in the leadership couldn't resolve.
3 Uber follows a "Game of Thrones" culture which meant that a change in leadership is not a solution to all the problems but a change in
idea is what is required.
4 Uber's recent negative reviews have resulted in the sacking of the then CEO of the company yet the basic problems remain unanswered.

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Q.22 [11979272]
position.
While millions of Americans found this weekend’s nationwide marches for gun control inspiring, many others are giving them a skeptical eye
— and not just Second Amendment advocates. How could a bunch of teenagers have the wherewithal to make change in America’s
deadlocked politics? After all, they’re just kids. Older people have long grumbled about the young in politics, dismissing them as “baby
politicians” or “beardless boys” in the early years of this country. But when American politics were at their darkest, in the late 19th century, it
was young people who broke a partisan divide and helped save democracy. Maybe they can do it again.
1 There is no point giving a skeptical eye to teenagers who have marched for the gun control law as they are the future of America.
2 The nationwide marches for gun control law was questioned by most people because of the involvement of teenagers but when time
demanded the young people were the only one who saved democracy.
3 Democracy in the 19th century was saved by young people but people are still skeptical about the fact that the teenagers who marched
for gun control laws are only kids.
4 The marches for gun control law have been questioned by many as most participants were teenagers who according to them do not
have a clue about American politics.

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Q.23 [11979272]
Directions for question (23): There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank
(option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: Those who play by the new rules will prosper; those who ignore them will not.
Paragraph: The Digital Revolution gets all the headlines these days. _________(1)_____But turning slowly beneath the fast-forward turbulence,
steadily driving the gyrating cycles of cool technogadgets and gotta-haves, is a much more profound revolution - the Network Economy.
_______(2)_____This emerging new economy represents a tectonic upheaval in our commonwealth, a social shift that reorders our lives more
than mere hardware or software ever can. _________(3)______It has its own distinct opportunities and its own new rules. _______(4)________ The
advent of the new economy was first noticed as far back as 1969, when Peter Drucker perceived the arrival of knowledge workers.
1 Option 1
2 Option 2
3 Option 3
4 Option 4

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Q.24 [11979272]
1. Rajasthan, which had a big case load last year, is the worst-affected State in the current season, with 768 cases and 31 deaths as of
January 13.
2. Seasonal influenza poses a significant public health challenge for India every year.
3. With better understanding of the nature of active viruses and the availability of a quadrivalent vaccine, State governments have no excuse
for failing to sharply reduce the spread.
4. The spurt in infections during the first two weeks of 2019 cries out for an effective plan to contain it.
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VARC 06 - 2023

1 India will be able to supply workers to the factories of Asia.

2 More girls will be able to go to school.

3 India’s economic status will improve.

1 To enumerate the economic advantage of including women in India’s labour force

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 India, the world’s largest democracy, can do better financially.

2 India’s neighbour, Bangladesh, has increased its working population by 50%.

3 Vietnam has more number of factories as compared to India.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 In Bangladesh, majority of the females are part of the labour force.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 To highlight the extent of official wrongdoing in China

2 To give an example of malfeasance committed by public officials

3 To show an unintended consequence of the law regarding labour rights

1 Lack of documentation hinders the hiring of workers in Chinese factories.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 Extensive documentary and procedural requirements laid out in the law

2 Difficulty in firing office staff as per the law

3 Lack of independent unions or genuine collective bargaining

4 Frequent outbreaks of labour unrest

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

2 Poetry is not something that can be understood by all and sundry.

3 Poetry should primarily be written in the language of common men.

4 Poetry should be read by sidelining every preconceived notion.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 It refers to a preference that is acquired, and never comes from within.

2 It is one that is attained by continuous thought and interaction.

3 It refers to a taste that can be acquired only by composing a variety of pieces.

4 It is the preference that is possessed by the best models of composition.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

4 To discuss the poems in the book as works of imagination and simplicity

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 Admiring in a nonchalant manner

2 Informative albeit in a subjective manner

3 Evaluative in a caustic manner

4 Appreciative in an analytical manner

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

“I wanted to just be astounded by what showed up,” he said.

1 moths are afraid of the darkness.

2 all moths are important pollinators and destructive pests.

“I wanted to just be astounded by what showed up,” he said.

1 a black and white photographer.

3 the one who captured black and white intimate portraits.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

“I wanted to just be astounded by what showed up,” he said.

1 Moths are important pollinators, always conducive to creation.

2 Moths like bats are creatures of the night.

3 Gowin’s moths show how life is uncertain.

4 Gowin went to Ecuador through a friend.

“I wanted to just be astounded by what showed up,” he said.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?

1 Messi’s past contributions overshadow his present performances for Argentina.

3 Messi’s present performances stand out as a contrast to Maradona’s past glories.

4 Messi’s genius is failing to shine due to Maradona’s presence.

 Answer key/Solution (https://www.aspiration.link/MBA/sis/Solution.jsp?