LESSON 1 –

THEME AND
TECHNIQUES
LESSON 1 –
THEME AND
TECHNIQUES
LESSON 1 –
THEME AND
TECHNIQUES
LESSON 1
LESSON 1 – THEME AND TECHNIQUES
Understanding the theme and
techniques used in a literary piece is
critical to deciphering an author's
message. It serves as a jigsaw puzzle
that should be arranged in order to
attain the coherence and logical
arrangement of the text. Theme serves
as the golden thread that weaves the
storyline and its elements. Learning
the techniques and theme in nonfiction
helps you weave your own nonfiction
piece.
R I O

T R
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C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N
V N
R E S O L U T I O N F G
D I E
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S T O R Y
I E
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LESSON 1 – THEME AND TECHNIQUES
Understanding the theme and
techniques used in a literary piece is
critical to deciphering an author's
message. It serves as a jigsaw puzzle
that should be arranged in order to
attain the coherence and logical
arrangement of the text. Theme serves
as the golden thread that weaves the
storyline and its elements. Learning
the techniques and theme in nonfiction
helps you weave your own nonfiction
piece.
When you are reading or encountering
stories that are based from reality or
sources came from the truth, you can
simply tell that it is creative nonfiction.
The following is a list of the most
common literary devices that
writers incorporate into their
nonfiction writing:
The following is a list of the most
common literary devices that
writers incorporate into their
nonfiction writing:
Storytelling/narration. The goal, challenges and
obstacles, a turning point, and resolution of the story
shall be delivered spontaneously to help the readers
understand the flow of the story.
Storytelling/narration. The goal, challenges and
obstacles, a turning point, and resolution of the story
shall be delivered spontaneously to help the readers
understand the flow of the story.
Character/Characterization. In a nonfiction story,
characters are also important. The main character
serves as the core or central idea of the storyline.
The story revolves to the experiences of the main
character with the help of the other characters.
Character/Characterization. In a nonfiction story,
characters are also important. The main character
serves as the core or central idea of the storyline.
The story revolves to the experiences of the main
character with the help of the other characters.
Character/Characterization. In a nonfiction story,
characters are also important. The main character
serves as the core or central idea of the storyline.
The story revolves to the experiences of the main
character with the help of the other characters.
◦Setting, atmosphere and scene. The
writer creates scenes that are action -
oriented; include dialogue; and contain
vivid descriptions.
Plot and plot structure. These are the main
events that make up the story. In a personal
essay, there might be only one event. In a
memoir, there are often several significant
events.
Figurative language. The use of
figurative languages helps the writer to
provide aesthetics to the piece. It gives
vibrant effect to the story.
Imagery. The use of different
sensory images helps also to add
color in writing a nonfiction piece.
◦Angle/Point of view. Most of the
time nonfiction adheres with the
use of First Person Point of View
since the experiences are being told.
Dialogue. This can help to make the
story run within the characters.
Theme. It is the central idea or
universal truth presented in the
work.
LESSON 1 –
THEME AND
TECHNIQUES
LESSON 1 –
THEME AND
TECHNIQUES
HOW WILL YOU
EXPLAIN 5R’S
OF NONFICTION
AS A WHOLE
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
TYPES OF
CREATIVE
NONFICTION
PART 2
What is a story?

Why do we write
stories?
A story is a narration of
how something
happened. It tells us who,
what, when, where and
how a particular event
took place. A story could
be real or imaginary.
What makes a good
story?

What are the

elements of different
Genres?
A Literary Genre is a
writing style in making or
writing a piece. The genre
is a category used to
classify the work of an
author. A Literary Genre
can either be Fiction or
Nonfiction.
When we say Fiction, these are
writings or stories created from
the mind or imagination of the
author while, Nonfiction are
writings that are factual, realistic
and existing. They are not
imaginary. Creative nonfiction is a
narrative or account of lived
experiences of real individuals.
REVIEW
 serves as the golden
thread that weaves the
storyline and its elements.
Theme serves as the golden
thread that weaves the
storyline and its elements.
REVIEW TIME:
5 R’S OF
NONFICTION

By: LEE GUTKIND

1. Creative nonfiction uses
real life elements. The
writer creates concepts of
a story using the vital and
real information about the
subject which can be
associated on close
attributes of the real
experiences.
1. Creative nonfiction uses
real life elements. The
writer creates concepts of
a story using the vital and
real information about the
subject which can be
associated on close
attributes of the real
experiences.
2. Creative nonfiction lets the
writer to engage on his personal
reflection about the subject.
After gathering information, the
writer needs to scrutinize and
analyze the gathered
information. Assessing and
considering his ideologies and
beliefs. Through this, it will help
the writer to be more factual
based.
2. Creative nonfiction lets the
writer to engage on his personal
reflection about the subject.
After gathering information, the
writer needs to scrutinize and
analyze the gathered
information. Assessing and
considering his ideologies and
beliefs. Through this, it will help
the writer to be more factual
based.
3. Creative nonfiction instructs
the author to do a complete
research. The author needs to
find out relevant and vital
information about the subject.
The writer needs to finish
investigating and weighing
information that will be included
in the story. Finishing auxiliary
examination will lead to create a
complete and substantial
contents.
3. Creative nonfiction instructs
the author to do a complete
research. The author needs to
find out relevant and vital
information about the subject.
The writer needs to finish
investigating and weighing
information that will be included
in the story. Finishing auxiliary
examination will lead to create a
complete and substantial
contents.
4. Reading while conducting
research is not enough. The
writer must recall the
components through reading
to improve and make some
modifications.
4. Reading while conducting
research is not enough. The
writer must recall the
components through reading
to improve and make some
modifications.
5. Writing imaginative true to
life is both a workmanship
and specialty. The craft of
inventive true to life
necessitates that the essayist
utilizes his gifts, senses,
innovative capacities, and
creative mind to compose
paramount imaginative true
to life.
5. Writing imaginative true to
life is both a workmanship
and specialty. The craft of
inventive true to life
necessitates that the essayist
utilizes his gifts, senses,
innovative capacities, and
creative mind to compose
paramount imaginative true
to life.
REVIEW TIME:
5 R’S OF
NONFICTION
The basic
elements in
creative
nonfiction are:
My breath escaped in ragged bursts,
my quadriceps burning as I crested
the summit. The lake stretched
before me, aquamarine, glistening in
the hot August afternoon sun.
Ponderosa pines lined its shores,
dropping their spicy-scented
needles into the clear water. Despite
the heat, the Montana mountain air
tasted crisp.
What basic
element in
creative
nonfiction is
the given
example?
 My breath escaped in ragged bursts,
my quadriceps burning as I crested
the summit. The lake stretched
before me, aquamarine, glistening in
1.Setting. It is the time
and place where the the hot August afternoon sun.
narrator’s story takes Ponderosa pines lined its shores,
place. For the setting dropping their spicy-scented
to be effective, it has
to be established early needles into the clear water. Despite
on in the story for the heat, the Montana mountain air
better visualization of
audience.
tasted crisp.
The lemon is yellow, sour-smelling
and tasting, and with a smooth,
bumpy skin. They might describe the
sound of the lemon as a thump on
the table if it is dropped, or
squelching if it is squished
underfoot. By painting a picture in
the reader's mind, it immerses them
in the story so that they feel they
are actually there.
What basic
element in
creative
nonfiction is
the example?
2. Descriptive The lemon is yellow, sour-smelling
imagery. It appeals to
the five senses: and tasting, and with a smooth,
seeing, hearing, bumpy skin. They might describe the
listening, touching
and tasting in creative
sound of the lemon as a thump on
nonfiction through the table if it is dropped, or
words. squelching if it is squished
It is the manner by
which the writer- underfoot. By painting a picture in
storyteller pictures the reader's mind, it immerses them
out the in the story so that they feel they
scenes in the
audience’s mind. are actually there.
She is as happy as a clam.
(simile)

My father will kill me when

he comes home!
(hyperbole)
What basic
element in
creative
nonfiction are
the examples?
 She is as happy as a clam.
3. Figurative language. It
is when you use a word or (simile)
phrase that does
not have its normal every
day, literal meaning. It is
using words in
ways that describe a
My father will kill me when
literary moment. There
are five basic figurative he comes home!
languages, namely: simile,
metaphor, (hyperbole)
personification, hyperbole
and
symbolism.
4. Plot. It is what
happens in the story
basically addressing
the
sequence, scope and
pacing of the
narrative.
He chortled heartily before deeply
puffing on his Cuban cigar, briefly
glancing at his Rolex. He
announced his driver would arrive
any moment, then tossed back the
rest of his whiskey.
Characterization means
creating a hologram of a
person in your reader’s
mind. In nonfiction, your
Characterizing a rich man: He
‘characters’ are real
people.
chortled heartily before deeply
It helps the reader puffing on his Cuban cigar, briefly
experience and respond
to each and every person glancing at his Rolex. He
you meet.
This helps bring the announced his driver would arrive
reader into the story,
because they experience
any moment, then tossed back the
their own
response to the
rest of his whiskey.
character/individual.
THEME
Exploring
conventional
themes in
creative
nonfiction:
One of the first questions to ask
upon hearing someone has written
a story is,
“What’s it about?”
THEME
The central
idea, topic, or point of
a story, essay, or
narrative is its theme.
The most
common
literary
themes are:
 a. Judgment. In this
theme, a character is
judged for being different
or doing wrong, whether
the infraction is real or
just perceived as
wrongdoing by others.
b. Survival. There is
something captivating
about a good survival
story, one in which the
main characters must
overcome countless odds
just to live another day.
c. Peace and war. Quite
often, the characters are
gripped in the turmoil of
conflict while hoping for
days of peace to come or
reminiscing about the
good life before the war.
d. Love. One of the most
popular topics covered not
only in books, but in movies
and music as well, love is a
universal, multi-faceted
theme that’s been explored in
a number of ways throughout
the history of literature.
e. Heroism. Whether it
is false heroism or true
heroic acts, you will
often find conflicting
values in literature
with this theme.
f. Good and evil. The
coexistence of good and
evil is another popular
theme. It is often found
alongside many of these
other themes such as war,
judgment, and even love.
g. Circle of life. The notion
that life begins with birth
and ends with death is
nothing new to writers.
Many incorporate this
into the themes of their
writings.
h. Suffering. There is
physical suffering and
internal suffering, and
both are popular themes,
often intertwined with
others.
i. Deception can be
physical or social and
it's all about
keeping secrets from
others.
j. Coming of age. Growing up is
not easy, which is why so many
books rely on a "coming of age“
theme. This is one in which
children or young adults
mature through various events
and learn valuable life lessons
in the process.
THEME
THEME
https://youtu.b
e/H3_Bb9wGOb
Y
Employing
basic
techniques in
writing creative
nonfiction
Constructing
Paragraphs in
Nonfiction Text
Literary techniques
are specific, deliberate
constructions of
language which an
author uses to convey
meaning.
An author’s use of a literary
technique usually occurs with a
single word or phrase, or a
particular group of words or
phrases, at one single point in a
text. Unlike literary elements,
literary techniques are not
necessarily present in every
text.
These are some of the literary
techniques which we can use in
writing creative nonfiction:
*Dialogue
*Symbolism
*Juxtaposition
*Tragic hero/tragic figure
*Flashbacks
These are some of the literary
techniques which we can use in
writing creative nonfiction:
Dialogue. Where characters speak to
one another; may often be used
to substitute for exposition. Since
there is so little stage direction in
Shakespeare, many of the characters’
thoughts and actions are
 Moreover, in writing creative
nonfiction the following are
suggested:
• Narrative Arc. Is term that
describes a story's full progression. It
visually
evokes the idea that every story has
a relatively calm beginning, a
middle where tension, character
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
Narrative
In a blog of Hood (2012), he
Structure
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are

or Shape of
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.

a Story
Narrative
In a blog of Hood (2012), he
Structure
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are

or Shape of
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.

a Story
Narrative Structure or Shape of a Story

Narrative structure lets you to

discover In
within
a blogthe
of way
Hoodon delivering
(2012), he
the story throughthe
identified narration,
toolbox ofmeaning
that you discover the
techniques thatdetails
writersofarethe
story and its structure as you
expected to use when writing write. In
creativecreative
nonfiction, there
nonfiction. are five
popular narrative structures or
shapes
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
Distinctive Voice, Style, and Intimate
Point of View. All good writers have a
distinctive
In voice,
a blog which
of Hoodis (2012),
the persona
he of
the writer expressed
identified on the age.
the toolbox of Good
writerstechniques
also have athat writers
unique are
style.
expected
Additionally havetoause
onewhen writing
of a kind style.
creative nonfiction.
An author's style is his/her demeanor of
persona on the page.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
Detail and Description. Creative writing is
often a form of discovery. As you compose,
you review the subtleties, the recollections,
In a blog of Hood (2012), he
the pictures, the felt feeling, the more
identified the toolbox of
profound importance. You'll review from
techniques that writers are
memory critical, specific subtleties and
expected to use when writing
afterward thinks of them down. You'll make
creative nonfiction.
distinctive depictions with solid, explicit,
and specific subtleties.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
Scene and Summary.
One of the most important techniques of
creative nonfiction
In a blog of is writing
Hood in scenes.
(2012), he
A sceneidentified
recreatesthe
thetoolbox
experience
of of the
techniques
writer for thatAwriters
the reader. are
scene evokes.
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
Scene and Summary.
To write a scene, you must show the reader what is happening. A scene often includes:
Setting - time and place of the story
In a blog of Hood (2012), he
Action - something that happens
Dialogue - something being said
identified the toolbox of
Vivid description - concrete and specific details

techniques that writers are

Imagery - language that invokes reader’s sense of sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing
Point of View - first, second, third persons

expected
Figurative language to etc.
- simile, metaphor, use when writing
Beginning, middle and ending - a scene has a beginning, middle and end
creative
Summary involves nonfiction.
telling the reader what happened. Telling means to summarize and to
compress, leaving out the details and descriptions. Telling is explaining.
You should create scenes of important events, such as for a setback and the turning point.
Scene and summary are used for all types of creative nonfiction.
 In a blog of Hood (2012), he
identified the toolbox of
techniques that writers are
expected to use when writing
creative nonfiction.
TECHNIQUES
THANK YOU!
QUIZ TIME!