Question:

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Expert answer: 0 0
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Step: 1

Solution:

a)

Given:

Specific gravity of the particle (SG) = 1.4

Diameter of the particle (dp ​) = 0.010 mm = 0.00001m

Density of water (ρf ​) at 20°C = 998.2 kg/m³

Dynamic viscosity of water (μ)= 0.001 kg/(m·s)

Terminal settling velocity (vt ​) can be calculated using Stokes' Law, which relates the settling velocity of a particle to its diameter, fluid viscosity, and density
difference between the particle and the fluid:

2
2 g(dp ) ​ (ρp ​ − ρf ) ​ ​
vt ​ =
9μ

Explanation

Where:

vt ​= Terminal settling velocity

g = Acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81m/s2)

dp ​ = Diameter of the particle

ρp ​ = Density of the particle

ρf ​ = Density of the fluid

μ = Dynamic viscosity of the fluid

2
2 × 9.81 × (0.00001) × (1.4 × 998.2 − 998.2) ​
vt ​ =
9 × 0.001

vt ​ = 3.67 × 10
−5
m/s.

Step: 2

b) To determine if particles of the size calculated in part a would be completely removed in the settling basin, we need to compare the settling velocity to the
flow velocity in the basin. If the settling velocity is greater than the flow velocity, particles of that size will settle out completely.

Given:

Width of the settling basin (w) = 10.0 m

Depth of the settling basin (h) = 3.00 m

Length of the settling basin (L) = 30.0 m

Flow rate (Q) = 7,500 m³/d

The flow velocity (v) in the settling basin can be calculated using the formula:

Q
v = ​
A

Explanation

Where:

A = Cross-sectional area of the settling basin

A= w×h

2
A = 10.0 × 3.00 = 30.0m

7, 500
v =
30.0

v = 250 m/d

Explanation

m
−5
Since the settling velocity (3.67 × 10 ) is significantly less than the flow velocity (250m/d), particles of the size calculated in part a would not be
s
completely removed in the settling basin.

Step: 3

c) To find the smallest diameter particle that would be removed in the sedimentation basin described in part b, we need to determine the terminal settling
velocity for a particle with specific gravity 1.4 that is equal to the flow velocity in the basin.

Given:

Flow velocity in the basin (v) = 250 m/d

Specific gravity of the particle (SG) = 1.4

Density of water (ρf ​) at 20°C = 998.2 kg/m³

Dynamic viscosity of water (μ) = 0.001 kg/(m·s)

Rearrange Stokes' Law equation to solve for particle diameter (dp ​) :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
9. v. μ
dp ​ = √ ​
2g(ρp ​ − ρ − f ) ​

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
9 × 250 × 0.001 ​​
dp ​ = √
2 × 9.81 × (1.4 × 998.2 − 998.2)

2.25
dp ​ =
2 × 9.81 × 0.4 × 998.2

dp ​ = 0.00125m

So, the smallest diameter particle of specific gravity 1.4 that would be removed in the sedimentation basin described in part b is 0.00125 meters, or 1.25 mm.

Final Answer

Solution:

a) To find the terminal settling velocity of a particle with a specific gravity of 1.4 and a diameter of 0.010 mm in 20°C water, Stokes' Law is used.

The terminal settling velocity is 3.67 × 10

−5
m/s.

b) In a settling basin with dimensions 10.0 m width, 3.00 m depth, and 30.0 m length, and a flow rate of 7,500 m³/d, the flow velocity is calculated to be
approximately 250 m/d. Since the settling velocity calculated in part a is significantly less than the flow velocity, particles of that size would not be completely
removed in the settling basin.

c) The smallest diameter particle of specific gravity 1.4 that would be removed in the sedimentation basin described in part b is approximately 1.25 mm. This
is calculated by determining the particle diameter for which the terminal settling velocity equals the flow velocity in the basin, using Stokes' Law.

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