Hvac 2bdrafting 2bnotes

SM TECHNO ENGINEERING & SOFTWARE SERVICES PVT LTD
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC DRAFTING

Drafting is the engineering design which we prepare using the
AutoCAD software. As we deal with the HVAC service, it is called as
the HVAC DRAFTING.
During the execution of HVAC Project, we first look at the

Architectural Layout i.e. a civil plan.
CIVIL PLAN
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURAL
ENGINEER ENGINEER
1
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
HOW DOES A HVAC PROJECT EXECUTE…..?
DRAWING FROM
CONSULTANT
ARCHITECTURA STRUCTURAL SERVICE

L DRAWING DRAWING DESIGN
DRAWING
COMMANDS SHOP
UPDATED DRAWING
REJECTED
APPROVED
M.E.P CO-
ORDINATION
DRAWINGS
APPROVED
BUILDER’S WORK
DRAWING
AS-BUILT
DRAWING
2
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
ABBREVIATIONS
1. MACHINES
• A.H.U Air Handling Unit
• F.A.H.U Fresh Air Handling Unit
• F.C.U Fan Coil Unit
• CH Chiller
2. DUCTING
• S.A.D Supply Air Duct
• R.A.D Return Air Duct
• F.A.D Fresh Air Duct
• E.A.D Exhaust Air Duct
• K.A.D Kitchen Air Duct
• T.A.D Transfer Air Duct

3. AIR TERMINALS
• S.C.D Supply Ceiling Diffuser
• R.C.D Return Ceiling Diffuser
• S.L.S.D Supply Linear Slot Diffuser
• R.L.S.D Return Linear Slot Diffuser
• R.A.G Return Air Grill
• S.A.G Supply Air Grill
Supply Air Register

• S.A.R
• R.A.R
Return Air Register
3
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
• D. V Disk Valve
4. ACCESSORIES
• F.D Fire Damper
• V.C.D or V.D Volume Control Damper
• B.D Butterfly Damper
• M.V.C.D Motorized Volume Control Damper
• M.S.F.D Motorized Smoke Fire Damper
Non-Return Damper
• N.R.D
Variable Air Volume
• V.A.V
Thermostat
• T
Sound Attenuator
• S.A.T
5. OTHERS
• T/A To Above
• T/B To Below
• F/A From Above
• F/B From Below
4
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
TYPES OF LAYOUTS
1. GENERAL LAYOUT
• Concept Drawing ( As per Civil Layout)
• Design Drawing
• Shop Drawing ( Co-ordination Builder’s Work)
• As-built Drawing
2. ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
• Detailed Layout ( Toilet, Kitchen, Wall)
• Furniture layout
• Ceiling Layout
• Tiles Layout
• Notes & Legends
3. STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
• Foundation Plan
• Beams & Columns
• Detailed Drawings ( Footings)
• Water Proofing
• Section Drawing
• Notes & Legends
4. ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
• Electrical Site Layout
• Lighting Layout
• Power Layout – Appliances
• Power Layout – HVAC
• Fire Alarm
• Security Layout – CCTV, LASER, Sensors
• Detailed Drawings
• Section Drawing
• Notes & Legends
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
5. MECHANICAL LAYOUT
• FIREFIGHTING LAYOUT
I. Fire Extinguisher
II. Sprinkler Layout
III. Hose reel & Internal hydrant
IV. External hydrant
V. Control Panel Schedule
VI. Notes & Legends
• HVAC LAYOUT
I. Site Development Plan
II. Machine Layout ( A.H.U, F.C.U)
III. Air Terminal Layout (diffusers, grills)
IV. Ducting Layout
V. Insulation Layout (ducting, piping)
VI. Refrigerant Pipe Layout
VII. Chilled Water Pipe Layout
VIII. Installation Detail Drawing
IX. Schematic Drawing
X. Notes & Legends
6
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
TYPES OF FALSE CEILINGS
Mainly there are three types of False Ceilings
I. Plain False Ceiling

II. Tiles or Grid False Ceiling
III. Step False Ceiling
*For example: For a Plain False Ceiling S.C.D’s & R.C.D’s are used whereas for a
Step False Ceiling only S.C.G’s & R.C.G’s can be used.
CREATING LAYERS
Layers help us differentiate objects from one another. As per SMACNA (Sheet Metal
for Air Conditioning National Association)
Standards, the Layer system is as follows:
M_HVAC_SCD
Where “M” refers to Mechanical
“HVAC” refers to/represents the type of service
“SCD” refers to the object
Some more layer representations
I. M_HVAC_RCD
II. M_HVAC_SCG
III. M_HVAC_RCG
IV. M_HVAC_CAN
V. M_HVAC_MAC
VI. M_HVAC_FD
VII. M_HVAC_BFD
VIII. M_HVAC_VAV
IX. M_HVAC_CAV
X. M_HVAC_VCD
XI. M_HVAC_VD
7
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CREATING AIR TERMINALS
Basically Air terminals are selected depending on type of False Ceiling
a) Creating Supply Ceiling Diffuser/ Supply Air Diffuser
Step 1. Create a Rectangle using the command
REC
Specify the first point

Enter dimensions as @300,300
300
300
Step 2. Now offset it inside for 50mm multiple times, using the offset command O
Select the object

Specify the distance of offset as 50mm
300mm
Step 3. Now create two diagonals from the corners, as follows
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
The two diagonals represent that the above diffuser is a Supply Ceiling
Diffuser/Supply Air Diffuser
Step 4. Now create the arrows on all four sides of the diffuser.
Create a single arrow using PL

Specify the first point on the side of the diffuser (1 : 3 )
Specify next point , e.g.: 90
Now using Array command, AR Select midpoint of object.
Array type : Rectangular
Angle : 360◦
Number of objects : 4
CREATING GRILLS
Usually, the dimensions available for designing the grills are 24”x6”.
But if we try looking at the object from Top View, we can only find the Face and the Neck,
as follows
1150mm
1100mm
50mm
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
First create a rectangle of face size as @ 1150,5 mm

Create one more rectangle of neck size as @1100,50 mm
Now move the neck with the centre point. Place it on the face as shown above.
Now create the arrows as previously done. For Supply draw arrows towards the
condition space and for Return, indicate towards grills.
Supply Air Grill, Layer: M_HVAC_SAG
Return Air Grill, Layer: M_HVAC_RAG
Finally the Grills are to be made in block as,

SAG 1150x150
RAG 1150x150
CREATING CANVAS CLOTH
Begin by creating a layer,
Layer: M_HVAC_CAN
Color: Yellow
STEP 1. Draw a line at the ending of the Machine. Now offset the line 4 to 5 times at a
distance of 25mm, as follows
25mm
MACHINE Mouth
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
STEP 2. Now draw the vertical lines at one end of the machine, joining all the offset
horizontal lines. Offset the vertical lines on the right side for 25mm distance and join them in
the shape of a cone.
MACHINE
STEP 3. Trim the extra lines. And also mirror the left side. The canvas cloth will appear as
follows
MACHINE
Mirrored object
Mirror reference
CREATING A MOUTHPIECE
A mouthpiece is connected after the canvas cloth.
Step 1. Draw a line from the centre of the canvas cloth.
Offset for ‘x’ distance on both the sides.

X = width of the duct / 2
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
(Ex: duct width = 600

Therefore, x = 600/2 = 300mm)
STEP 2. Go to Polar and select an angle of 45◦. Draw a line from each end of the canvas
cloth @45◦ as follows
Now join the points where these angular lines intersect and trim the remaining object, using
the trim command.
Hence the mouthpiece is created.
12
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CREATING FLEXIBLE DUCT
STEP 1. Create a SP line using the command: SP
Specify first point at the duct end

Now specify the next point where the turning is required
Finally specify the end point at the centre of diffuser
Press double enter key, to end the command
STEP 2. Create a small rectangle with dimensions: @25,100
Command : rec
Click first point with the dimensions given
Now explode the rectangle using the command: X
Select the rectangle Press
Now the object is exploded.
STEP 3. Offset the rectangle’s horizontal sides for 25mm on top & bottom side as follows,
using the offset command: O
STEP 4. Now, take a line from one end of the rectangle & join it with the midpoint of the
offset line and then to the other end of the rectangle, as follows:
13
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
STEP 5. Finally erase the offset lines of the rectangular width.
Step 6. Now convert the object into Block and name it as
‘FLX 10x25x100’ provided with Yellow color indication.
Step 7. Using the Measure command: ME
Select the object to measure.

Select spl line to measure.
Specify length of segment (or) block : B
Name of the block is : ‘FLX 10x25x100’
Align block with object: [Y/N]: Y
Specify length of duct as 25mm
CREATING A TROUSER PIECE
Let us suppose a main duct of width 600mm is running, at some instant its taking turn
i.e., dividing into two pieces, as follows
Main duct
600x300
300x300 300x300
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Now we have to create two elbows of 300mm on either side. Later, offset for proper
distance, as follows.
Now fillet the cores where the points are meeting.
Fillet is completely dependent upon the type of elbow i.e. for short run elbow, the fillet length
is calculated as = w/4
And for long run elbow, it is as = w/2, where “w” is width
15
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
For ex: Short run elbow, 600/4 = 150mm

Long run elbow, 600/2 = 300mm
Now offset for 300mm which is the width of the branch duct. Trim the remaining segments
and hence Trouser piece is created.
TYPES OF ELBOWS
There are basically three types of elbows
1. Short run elbow(standard elbow)

2. Long run elbow
3. Tapered or Metered elbow
I. CREATING A SHORT RUN ELBOW

For a Short run elbow the radius is 6” as standard.
Command: f
150
Select first object and then second object. Offset for the required width.
Ex:
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Elbow
Duct
Offset for 600mm (duct width)
R = 150mm (6”)
These are standard elbows.
II. CREATING A LONG RUN ELBOW

Here the Radius is calculated as, R=w/2
Ex: w = 600mm
R = 600/2 = 300mm
Commands: f
Select first object
R
300
Select second object. Now offset for the required width of the duct
600mm
R = 300mm
17
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
III. METERED ELBOW
These are used when there is very less clearance area for turning the duct.
Turning vanes are placed
TYPES OF REDUCER’S
There are two types of Reducer’s
1. Eccentric Reducer (Taper at one side)

2. Concentric Reducer (Taper on both sides)
1. CREATING A CONCENTRIC REDUCER
The Concentric Reducer is used when the supply is provided on both the sides.
i. Let us suppose that the duct width is decreasing.
ii. At the duct end, create an offset with standard measurement( 300, 450, 600,
900)
iii. If it is found to be constant, draw a line from the centre of the duct to make an
offset on both sides as required. Ex: if the duct is of 400mm, then offset
should be off 200mm, each.
Taper on both sides Supply
Concentric Reducer
18
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
iv. Now join the both ends with the line where they are meeting, as follows
600mm 400mm
v. Trim the remaining lines, and hence the concentric reducer is created.
2. CREATING AN ECCENTRIC REDUCER
The Eccentric Reducer is used when the supply is provided only on one side.
i. Let us suppose the duct width is 600mm and is reducing after supplying to the
branch
Branch duct
Main duct
ii. Now offset for 8” or 12” or 24” or 36”, for creating the eccentric reducer. Take
a straight line from one end of the duct as shown :
400mm 300mm
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HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
iii. Now offset the taken line as per the duct width, let’s say 200mm for example
and join the line.
200mm
iv. Trim the inner lines and hence the eccentric reducer is created.
400mm 200mm
Eccentric Reducer
20
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CREATING A SHOE-NECK
A shoe neck is connected to the branch terminal to show the air flow from the main duct.
i. Draw the line on the main duct as per the duct width.
ii. Offset the line inside the duct for 100mm or L=w/4. For ex: w = 600mm, L =
600/4 = 150mm.
150mm
iii. Now take the line from one end at 45◦ and join them. Trim the inner
lines.
21
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CREATING ACCESSORIES
1. FIRE DAMPER
Create a Polyline of width 50mm. Draw horizontal to the duct width in the walls.
Pl
W
50
50
Click on the start point. Enter duct width as 600mm and then turn left with 50mm
downwards.
MACHINE
Fire Damper Start point
22
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
2. BUTTERFLY DAMPER
Draw a Rectangle with dimensions @100,250
Now draw a circle, completely filled using the Donut command: DO
With the inner diameter = 0mm
And the outer diameter = 50mm
Now draw a line from the centre of the circle.
Attach the circle with the rectangle, at the centre point as shown below :
100mm
250mm
250mm
100mm
23
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
SINGLE LINE DRAWING FOR DUCTING
Single Line Drawing is the representation of the design which we have calculated with
definite dimensions to it.
Steps of Drawing:
1. Placing the Machine

2. Placing Air Terminals
3. Duct Routing
4. Accessories
Step 1:
Placing Of Machine
Commands:
Pl
W
Starting width = 50mm
Ending width = 50mm
Let us suppose we are starting from the machine
MACHINE
Therefore, Pl = 50mm
And the machine dimensions are = 1100mm x 600mm x 300mm
24
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Step 2:
PLACING THE AIR TERMINALS:
Place the Air Terminals ( SAG, RAG, SCD, and RCD) in the appropriate places,
depending upon the false ceiling, in order to maintain the proper supply of air.
( *Note: Please follow the above mentioned steps on how to create the air terminals)
Step 3:
Duct Routing
Duct routing is one the essential part under drafting. The simplest technique
should be enabled for the process of routing.
Here, starting from the centre of the Machine, move downwards for a distance of
600mm. At the end, place a trouser piece for equal distribution of air in the Left and Right
directions. Extend the routing on the LHS. Perform the similar function on the RHS.
Now , on the RHS ( plain false ceiling), carry the routing upwards from the centre. Make
necessary branches wherever required.
Step 4:
PLACING OF ACCESSORIES:
Accessories, like VAV box, VCD, FD, BD and T etc are to be placed after the
duct routing is completed.
Place the VAV boxes each one on the LHS & RHS of the main duct, connecting
to the respective Thermostats.
Fire damper is supposed to be placed at the beginning of every new duct created.
Butterfly damper is to placed on the RHS, under the plain false ceiling to connect a flexible
duct.
25
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
DOUBLE LINE DRAWING – FOR DUCTING:
For DLD ducting, assemble all the given components in detail.
Repeat the same steps ( 1-4 )
Step 5:
DUCT INSULATION:
There are two types of duct insulation, namely –

1. Thermal insulation
2. Acoustic Lining
The Thermal insulation is done on the outer area of the duct, using the offset command.
Different Line type, for eg: hidden lines can be used to denote the above. This follows for the
complete duct.
Acoustic lining is done on the inner portion of the duct, using the hatching command (h).
Select among the preferences provided to you under the hatching window. This also, follows
for the complete Main duct.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CHILLED WATER PIPE DRAFTING:
Chilled water piping is same for both Air - cooled and Water -cooled chillers.
Material used for Chilled water Piping:
i. M.S – mild steel

ii. L.C.S – low carbon steel
iii. Black Iron
SINGLE LINE DRAWING FOR PIPING:

Precautions while drawing SLD for piping:
i. Chilled water piping should not go through the structural parts like Beam’s,
Column’s etc
Column
ii. The CHWP should not go through the wall continuously. We can create a hole
and continue, but cannot disturb the construction.
CHWP CHWP
Wall
27
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
iii. The distance between CHWS & CHWR should not be less than 50mm, after
insulation.
50mm
iv. We can get the riser stack from the civil duct about the opening of the building.
Rooms
Civil duct. It is
opened from the ground level to the top roof
CIVIL PLAN
Commands:
Pl
W
Starting width: 50
Ending width: 50
Layer: M_HVAC_CHWS
28
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
v. Go for main floor pipe routine as required for both supply & return piping’s
vi. Then finally go for AHU pipe connection or Branch machine piping
AHU
Branch AHU piping
Main floor piping
vii. Now go for pipe sizing using charts or McQuay pipe sizer
*** 1 T.R = 2.4 G.P.M
1 T.R = 400 CFM
For example: for 2000 CFM, the T.R calculated is as follows
T.R > 2000/400 = 5 T.R
G.P.M > 5x2.4 = 12 G.P.M
* check the sizes from the tabular column and denote it.
Command: EL
Click on the first point, the second point and elongate it as follows to draw an ellipse.
AHU
29
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Use leader line command to represent the dimensions: LE
Click on the ellipse & take on the direction as required.
Use the Mtext command to represent it. Similarly follow the same procedure for rest of the
design.
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
DOUBLE LINE DRAWING FOR PIPING:
In order to proceed with the D.L.D for piping, we have to understand the levels of piping for
the fitting’s selection
This is the section view of the AHU
Main
Return
Supply
Drain
From the figure, it is very clear that the Supply is below the Return pipe of the AHU.
Therefore, the main piping shall be below the AHU, both CHWS & CHWR will be at same
level, labeled with the name as Level 1.
Level 2 will be the AHU supply piping.
Level 3 will be the AHU return piping.
Now depending upon the levels, we can select the fittings
Step 1. Explode the main pipe line (CHWS & CHWR) and offset for the required diameter.
Step 2. Go to the branch piping with last AHU connection & explode them. Offset on both
sides for required diameter. (Ex: 25+25 = 50mm)
Step 3.
Depending on the level, select the fittings

ex: Elbow or Dropper and match with their respective layers.
31
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Note:
Select the fittings from the company legends and scale them
Example:
25mm
50mm
Scaling
Command:
Sc
Select the object
Click on the point
Reference length: 50mm
New length: 25mm
The object is scaled. Place the fitting where ever required.
CREATING A DISTANCE PIPE:
As the fitting is selected and placed accordingly, we now have to place the distance pipe
between the reducer and the pipe fitting.
Step1. From the attached fittings, take an offset of 300mm
Step 2. Now offset for the pipe distance as
32
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Select the object

Specify the distance: 25mm
Click on both sides
Step 3. Pick the reducer from the fitting’s chart and scale it as required (50x25) and attach it
to the pipe end. Hence the reducer with the distance pipe is created.
33
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
SECTION DRAWING:
We create Section drawings in order to identify the Levels and Distance.
The representation is required to study the basic reading of the drawings that involves the
clear understanding of the level of ducts, pipes, machines and the air terminals.
We represent the Section’s with a thick polyline with a rectangle at the end and a circle for
naming.
Section Line
Step1:
Command:
View ports
A pop up window appears. Select the port as required.
For example: Two, horizontal
Click ok
Now the screen is divided into two parts as shown.
Double click to enter the port.
34
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Part 1
Part 2
*Note: Any changes made in each port, shall automatically detect the changes in other
ports. The drawing shall remain the same, but can be visible in different ports or
screens.
Step 2:
Read the drawing carefully and see the Architectural Layout. Identify differently the
columns, walls and beams etc.
Command:
XL
V
Click on the wall end’s to get the correct wall dimensions.
Step 3:
Go to the Architectural layout and find the distance between the F.F.L (finished floor level)
and B.O.S (Bottom of slab)
Ex: 3600mm
Similarly find the distance between false ceiling and B.O.S
Step 4:
In the lower part of the drawing, create a horizontal line and offset for 3600mm. we can
therefore find the F.F.L and B.O.S
35
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Now, from the B.O.S offset for 1000mm. we get the false ceiling level.
Hence, the Architectural Section layout is created.
CREATING H.V.AC SECTION DRAWING:
Step 1:
Start with the machine
Command:
XL:
V:
Click on machine ends. Length of the machine is achieved.
*Note: from the H.V.AC layout check for the B.O.U (bottom of unit) distance
Ex: 2800mm
From F.F.L offset above for 2800mm to get the B.O.U
Now Trim the ‘side lines’
Command:
Tr:
Select the lines and offset that line for 400mm (Machine height)
Step 2:
Match the layers
Ma:
Select the object
Select the object to be matched:
Step 3:
Create the canvas cloth
Create mouth piece
Ducting and the air terminals
Step 4:
Create piping using
XL
36
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
V
With B.O.P from the drawings
37
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
CREATING KITCHEN HOOD:
*Note: Kitchen hood should be placed above stove at least 600mm (ASHRAE standards)
Step 1:
Offset for 750mm above stove with the stove width as follows
Fig I.
Fig 2.
38
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Fig 3.
Step 2:
Take the duct size from the layout (top view)
Step 3:
From one end of the offset line, take the line at 45◦ angle
Step 4:
Trim the marked lines falling inside. Hence the kitchen hood is created.
750mm
39
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
Now finally represent the distance using

Dli
Click the first point and the second point. Label as F.F.L, B.O.S, B.O.P, B.O.M, B.O.D etc
Thus, the section drawing is completed.
40
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
PRINTING AND PLOTTING TECHNIQUE:
In order to view the plan physically, we print the layout.
Following is the step – by – step description on how to proceed with the printing directions.
Press Ctrl + P > Select Printer > Paper size: A2 > Plot area: Window > ok
Select Layout > Select Page Setup Manager > modify > Select Printer option > Paper size >
what to plot > Layout > Plot style table > Monochrome > Ok > Close
Use the command: MVIEW or Viewports and click on the boundaries of the paper.
Go to any tool > Right click > Viewports
Here we can find the scaling window. Scale the drawing as per requirement (1: 10 or 10 : 1)
and give the print.
Below is the list of the paper sizes in portrait and landscape form
1. A4 size
P (210 x 297) mm
L ( 297 x 210 ) mm
2. A3 size
P (297 x 420) mm
L ( 420 x 297 ) mm
3. A2 size
P (420 x 594) mm
L ( 594 x 420 ) mm
41
HVAC DRAFTING NOTES
4. A1 size
P (594 x 841) mm
L ( 841 x 594 ) mm
5. A0 size
P (894 x 1189) mm
L ( 1189 x 894 ) mm
*note: on converting the A0 size into inches, we get
1189/25 = 46”
894/25 = 33”
Therefore, (33“ x 46”) will be the size of the A0 paper in terms of inches.
42

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SM TECHNO ENGINEERING & SOFTWARE SERVICES PVT LTD

HVAC DRAFTING NOTES

INTRODUCTION TO HVAC DRAFTING

During the execution of HVAC Project, we first look at the

HOW DOES A HVAC PROJECT EXECUTE…..?

ARCHITECTURA STRUCTURAL SERVICE

• F.A.H.U Fresh Air Handling Unit

• F.C.U Fan Coil Unit

• R.A.D Return Air Duct

• F.A.D Fresh Air Duct

• E.A.D Exhaust Air Duct

• K.A.D Kitchen Air Duct

• T.A.D Transfer Air Duct

• R.C.D Return Ceiling Diffuser

• S.L.S.D Supply Linear Slot Diffuser

• R.L.S.D Return Linear Slot Diffuser

• R.A.G Return Air Grill

• S.A.G Supply Air Grill

Supply Air Register

• V.C.D or V.D Volume Control Damper

• B.D Butterfly Damper

• M.V.C.D Motorized Volume Control Damper

• M.S.F.D Motorized Smoke Fire Damper

• F/A From Above

• F/B From Below

TYPES OF FALSE CEILINGS

Mainly there are three types of False Ceilings

I. Plain False Ceiling

Standards, the Layer system is as follows:

Where “M” refers to Mechanical

“HVAC” refers to/represents the type of service

“SCD” refers to the object

Some more layer representations

CREATING AIR TERMINALS

Basically Air terminals are selected depending on type of False Ceiling

a) Creating Supply Ceiling Diffuser/ Supply Air Diffuser

Step 1. Create a Rectangle using the command

Specify the first point

Select the object

Step 3. Now create two diagonals from the corners, as follows

Create a single arrow using PL

First create a rectangle of face size as @ 1150,5 mm

Supply Air Grill, Layer: M_HVAC_SAG

Return Air Grill, Layer: M_HVAC_RAG

Finally the Grills are to be made in block as,

CREATING CANVAS CLOTH

Begin by creating a layer,

A mouthpiece is connected after the canvas cloth.

Step 1. Draw a line from the centre of the canvas cloth.

Offset for ‘x’ distance on both the sides.

(Ex: duct width = 600

Hence the mouthpiece is created.

CREATING FLEXIBLE DUCT

STEP 1. Create a SP line using the command: SP

Specify first point at the duct end

STEP 2. Create a small rectangle with dimensions: @25,100

STEP 5. Finally erase the offset lines of the rectangular width.

Step 6. Now convert the object into Block and name it as

‘FLX 10x25x100’ provided with Yellow color indication.

Step 7. Using the Measure command: ME

Select the object to measure.

CREATING A TROUSER PIECE

Now fillet the cores where the points are meeting.