Senior High School Department

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2: QUANTITATIVE

WRITTEN WORK #2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE MATRIX

Orange Essential Oil + Lemongrass Oil as an

Insect Repellent for Plant Protection to Fruit Flies
Title of Proposed Study

Leader: Palacios, Danna Rein

Members:
1. Jimenez, Ralph Lauren B.
2. Bruno, Sean Clark
3. Baylon, Karlo Josef
4. Aquino, Cyrus Martin
5.
6.
Date of Submission: November 22, 2023
Instructor’s Name and Signature: Ms. April Joyce C. Umali, LPT

RUBRIC
4 3 2 1
Criteria weight Score

Subject matter/content of chosen literatures

Topic and content of chosen literatures are x2
directly relevant to the proposed study.

Quality of Information presented

Details lifted from the chosen literature are x3
appropriate, accurate, factual, and consistent.

Organization
Good organization; points are logically ordered; x3
Closely adheres to the standard conventions.

Mechanics
x1
No errors
Citation Style
x1
Correct use of APA citation style
Research Journal Article #1:
 Senior High School Department

Aljedani, D. M. (2021). Effects of Some Insecticides (Deltamethrin and Malathion) and

Lemongrass Oil on Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Pakistan Journal of Biological
Sciences, 24: 477-491. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.477.491

Topic/Thesis Statement Efficacy of Some Insecticides (Deltamethrin and

Malathion) and Lemongrass Oil on Fruit Fly (Drosophila
melanogaster)

Objectives/Research * To assess the importance of using non targeted insects

Questions
of which the most famous is the fruit fly (Drosophila
melanogaster) in determining the toxicity of some
insecticides used in agriculture to a large extent namely
insecticides (Deltamethrin and Malathion).

* Compare by-product natural (lemongrass oil) when using

sub-lethal concentrations of studying their effect on the
mortality and longevity of insects.

Methodology Participants/Sampling Procedure

There were no participants involved in the study

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers have gathered vast amounts of data
through observations and testing or by simply
experimenting various research materials to acquire
desired results for further development of the study. The
experiments of the study were divided by the researchers
to four groups to effectively determine and know specific
measures and crucial data for the study.

Data Analysis Procedure

Statistical analysis: Percentages of mortality were
assessed for each treatment and corrected using Abbott's
equation31. The lethal time 50 (LT50) was calculated for
each group at p = 0.05, LT50 was also determined by

Summary/ Highlights of the
Findings/Recommendations
for further studies
Accomplished by: Jimenez, Ralph Lauren B.
Research Journal Article #2:
Senior High School Department
Probit analysis32 Ldp line.
From the current study, it can be concluded that natural
products can be used to control insect pests and the use
of synthetic chemicals is limited due to environmental
concerns. So, in the present study, an effect was tested of
different concentrations of insecticides such as
(Deltamethrin and Malathion) and natural products,
Including, lemongrass oil on Fruit Fly (D. melanogaster).
From the results of this study, when calculating the
concentration LC50 after 96 hrs, at which the highest
mortality occurred at Malathion more than Deltamethrin.
While, when calculating the half-lethal time for individuals
LT50, Deltamethrin took less time to eliminate a Fruit Fly
compared with Malathion. Lemongrass oil has.

(Alves et al. , 2018) Composition and Toxicity of a Mixture of Essential Oils Against
Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of
Economic Entomology, 112(1), 2019, 164–172. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy275
Topic/Thesis Statement
Objectives/Research
Questions
Methodology
Summary/ Highlights of the
Findings/Recommendations
for further studies
Senior High School Department
Composition and Toxicity of a Mixture of Essential Oils
Against Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata
(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
To assess the advantages and disadvantages related to
the potential use of this natural insecticide developed from
the mixture of the essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon
citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae), Cedrus atlantica (Endl.)
Manetti ex Carriére (Pinaceae), and Corymbia citriodora
(Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae)
Participants/Sampling Procedure:
There were no participants involved in the study
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers have gathered vast amounts of data
through keen observations and testing or by simply
experimenting various research materials to accumulate
desired results for further development of the study.
Data Analysis Procedure
The analysis that the researchers have utilized in this
study is statistical analysis to effectively show
comprehension of the data gathered as well as investigate
patterns and relationships using quantitative data.
The results demonstrated that the proposed mixture of
EOs is quite toxic for the pest and relatively safe for one of
their natural enemies, which is an important advantage for
the low risk management of Medfly. However, the price for
the mixture of EOs is not currently affordable, although it
 Senior High School Department

might be substantially lower if the

mixture was produced for insecticidal uses, and the rapid
fumigation and biodegradation of the active substances
would lead to low persistence. When the search for
synergistic relationships among components of a mixture
is insufficient to achieve a better biopesticide, as it occurs
in this case, the next step should be the seeking of
formulations with higher persistence (i.e., encapsulation,
nanoparticle synthesis) and that are competitively priced.

Accomplished by: Jimenez, Ralph Lauren B.

Research Journal Article #3:

 Senior High School Department

(Oboh et al., 2017) Insecticidal activity of essential oil from orange peels
(Citrus sinensis) against Tribolium confusum, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus
oryzae and its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+ -ATPase activities.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-017-0620-z

Topic/Thesis Statement Insecticidal activity of essential oil from orange peels

(Citrus sinensis) against Tribolium confusum,
Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae and its
inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and Na+ /K+ -
ATPase activities

Objectives/Research Determine the fumigant toxicity and inhibition of

Questions
acetylcholinesterase and Na/K-ATPase activities by
essential oil from orange (Citrus sinensis) peels to analyze
the
relationship between fumigant toxicity and enzyme activity
and as well explore the insecticidal mechanism of the
essential oil.

Methodology Participants/Sampling Procedure

There were no participants involved in the study

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers have gathered vast amounts of data
through observations and testing or by simply
experimenting with accumulated research materials to
acquire desired results for further development of the
study.

Data Analysis Procedure

Statistical analysis: The experiments were carried out in
triplicate. Data were expressed as mean values and
standard deviation. Statistical differences were obtained
using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post
hoc analysis was done using Duncan multiple tests. IC50
 Senior High School Department

was determined using probit analysis.

All analyses were carried out using Graph pad prism 5.0.

Summary/ Highlights of the This study revealed that essential oil from orange peels
Findings/Recommendations
for further studies exhibited fumigant toxicity against T. confusum, C.
maculatus and S. oryzae. The major active components of
the essential oil could be linked to its insecticidal activity.
We suggest that the mechanism of action of the essential
oil involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and
Na+/K+-ATPase activities. Therefore, this study will
facilitate the application of essential oil derived from
orange peels as a comprehensive pest control strategy
against T. confusum, C. muculatus and S. oryzae.

Accomplished by: Jimenez, Ralph Lauren B.