SLEEP

DISORDERS
Yashika
230344
MA 2nd semester
 INTRODUCTION

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the

quality, timing, and duration of sleep. These disorders
can significantly impact an individual's physical and
mental health, as well as their overall quality of life.
 INSOMNIA
Can be caused by stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, medications,
or poor sleep habits.

Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the

night, and waking up too early.

Chronic insomnia can lead to fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and

increased risk of accidents.
 SLEEP APNEA
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by a blocked or narrowed airway,
while central sleep apnea is related to the brain's control of breathing.

Symptoms include loud snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, morning

headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease,
stroke, and other health problems.
 NARCOLEPSY
Caused by a dysfunction in the brain's sleep-wake regulation, leading to excessive
daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Other symptoms include cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), sleep paralysis, and
hallucinations.

Narcolepsy is often treated with stimulant medications, scheduled naps, and lifestyle
modifications.
 PARASOMNIAS
Parasomnias are a group of abnormal behaviors or experiences that occur during
sleep or during transitions between sleep stages
Examples include sleepwalking, sleep talking, night terrors, and REM sleep behavior
disorder (acting out dreams during REM sleep).
Parasomnias can be caused by genetic factors, stress, sleep deprivation, irregular
sleep schedules, medications, underlying medical conditions, and environmental
factors.
Symptoms include abnormal behaviors during sleep, intense emotions, temporary
paralysis, sleep-related eating, violent behaviors during REM sleep, and confusion
upon awakening.
 HYPERSOMNIA
Hypersomnias, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, can stem from
primary causes like idiopathic hypersomnia or secondary causes like medical
conditions, medications, or psychiatric disorders.

Symptoms include persistent sleepiness, difficulty waking up, memory problems,

long naps, and impaired functioning. Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial
for diagnosis and management.Forgetfulness and difficulty retaining information due
to sleepiness.
 REFERENCES
Carlson, N. R. (2021). Foundations of behavioral neuroscience (10th ed.).
Pearson.

Kalat, J. W. (2019). Biological psychology (13th ed.). Cengage Learning.

THANK YOU
VERY MUCH!