Korean Drama

Korean drama
Korean drama (Korean: 한국 드라마; RR: Han-guk deurama), also known

as Koreanovela or K-drama, refers to Korean-language television
shows made in South Korea. These shows began to be produced
around the early 1960s, but were mostly consumed domestically until
the rise of the Korean Wave in the 1990s. They have since achieved
significant international popularity, with dozens of millions of viewers
across the world.
Beginning around the 1970s, more and more households in South

Korea owned televisions. Programs were often produced on low
budgets and were mostly consumed domestically. The industry
significantly developed in the 1980s, after the spread of color
television. Beginning in the early 1990s, several Korean dramas began
achieving significant international popularity, primarily in China and
Japan. In addition, South Korean popular music ("K-pop") and films
began seeing similar successes, which gave rise to rapid international
adoption of South Korean media in a phenomenon commonly called the
Korean Wave. In the following decades, viewership spread throughout
:
the globe, especially in the regions of Southeast Asia, South Asia,
Central Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, and
Eastern Europe. In 2008, the Korean drama Jumong achieved 85%
viewership in Iran,[1] and in 2012, over 90% of Iraqi Kurdistan watched
the show Hur Jun.[2] Rapid growth continued into the 2010s, with the
rise in online streaming. Around this period, the American video
streaming company Netflix took interest in the phenomenon, and
began releasing Korean dramas on its platform, as well as creating and
funding ones. This culminated in the release of the 2021 Squid Game,
which was watched by more than 142 million households in its first four
weeks.[3] In 2022, Netflix reported that six in ten of its 221 million
subscribers had watched a Korean program in the last year,[4][5] and in
April 2023, it announced that it would invest US$2.5 billion in the
industry.[6]
The success of Korean dramas has had a significant economic impact

on South Korea. In 2022, US$561.3 million of Korean television content
was sold abroad, which was a 29.6% increase from the previous year.[7]
The industry also employs tens of thousands of people,[8] although its
strenuous working conditions have been criticized.[9] Korean dramas
have also been cited as a motivation for tourists to visit the country.
Format
:
Yongin Daejanggeum Park, a filming
site where historical dramas for
Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation are
produced
A single director usually leads Korean dramas, which are often written
by a single screenwriter. This often leads to each drama having distinct
directing and dialogue styles. This differs from American television
series, which can rely on multiple directors and writers working
together.[10]
The 19:00 to 21:00 evening time slots have usually been reserved for
daily dramas, which run every night from Monday through Friday.
Dramas in these slots are in the telenovela format, rarely running over
150 episodes. Unlike American soap operas, these daily dramas are not
broadcast during the daytime. Instead, the daytime schedule often
includes reruns of the flagship dramas. The nighttime dailies can
achieve very high ratings. During the late 2000s, for example, the
weekend series First Wives' Club recorded 41.3%, according to TNS
Korea,[11] and the evening series Temptation of Wife peaked at 40.6%,
:
according to TNS Korea.[12]
Plots and storylines

K-dramas have a multitude of different genre such as action dramas,
historical dramas, school dramas, medical dramas, legal dramas, or
even horror comedies. While most dramas contain romantic elements
and deep emotional themes, some may also contain a tragedy or slice
of life theme. There are various styles and tones.[13]
The main themes of Korean television dramas are friendship, family

values, and love, blending traditional Confucian with Western
materialism and individualism.[14]
However, it is an emerging trend amongst Korean dramas to showcase

ongoing societal issues of Korean society, such as stigma of mental
illness,[15] gender inequality, suicide, classism, bullying, spy cameras,
corruption, homophobia, or racism.[16]
Historical
The term sageuk refers to any Korean television or film drama that is
either based on historical figures, incorporates historical events, or
uses a historical backdrop. While sageuk directly translates to
:
"historical drama", the term is typically reserved for dramas taking
place throughout the course of Korean history.[17]
Since the mid-2000s, some sageuk dramas have achieved major

success outside of Korea, in places such as the Asia-Pacific, Central
Asia, Greater Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin
America.[18] Sageuks including Dae Jang Geum (Jewel in the Palace),
Yi San (Lee San, Wind of the palace) and Jumong enjoyed strong
ratings in countries such as Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Fiji and
Iran. Jumong, which aired on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran
Broadcasting) in 2008, had 85% viewership.[1]
Romance
Often centered on a love story, series set in contemporary times often
focus on family ties and romantic relationships. Characters are mostly
idealized with Korean male protagonists described as handsome,
intelligent, rich, and in search of "one true love". This has also been a
contributing factor to the popularity of Korean dramas among women.
[10][19][20][21]
History
:
Early years
Radio broadcasting, including the broadcasting of radio dramas in
Korea, began in 1927 under Japanese rule, with most programming in
Japanese and around 30% in Korean.[22] After the Korean War, radio
dramas such as Cheongsilhongsil (1954) reflected the country's mood.
[23]
Television broadcasting began in 1956 with the launch of an

experimental station, HLKZ-TV, which was shut down a few years later
due to a fire. The first national television channel was Korean
Broadcasting System (KBS), which started up in 1961.[24] The first
Korean television film was a 15-minute piece titled The Gate of Heaven
(천국의 문, Cheongugui mun), on HLKZ-TV. [25]
The first television series was aired by KBS in 1962. Their commercial
competitor, Tongyang Broadcasting (TBC), had a more aggressive
program policy and aired controversial dramas as well.[26] The first
historical TV series aired was Gukto manri (국토만리), directed by Kim
Jae-hyeong (김재형), depicting the Goryeo era.[27][28] In the 1960s,
television sets were of limited availability, thus dramas could not reach
a larger audience.[29]
In the 1970s, television sets started to spread among the general

population, and dramas switched from portraying dramatic historical
figures to introducing national heroes like Yi Sun-shin or Sejong the
Great.[29] Contemporary series dealt with personal sufferings, such as
Kim Soo-hyun's influential Stepmother (새엄마, Saeeomma), aired by
MBC in 1972 and 1973.[30] As technology and funding was limited,
:
Korean channels could not make series in resource-heavy genres like
action and science fiction; American and other foreign series were
imported instead.[31]
1980s–2010s
Chae Shi-ra, the Actress Lee Young-ae

leading actress of Eyes played the titular Dae
of Dawn (1991) Jang Geum in the
series of the same
name.
The 1980s saw a change in Korean television, as color TV became

available. Modern dramas tried to evoke nostalgia from urban dwellers
by depicting rural life. Kim Soo-hyun's first real commercial success,
:
Love and Ambition (사랑과 야망, Saranggwa yamang), aired on MBC in
1987 and is regarded as a milestone of Korean television,[32] having
recorded a 78% viewership. "Streets became quiet at around the airing
time of the drama as 'practically everyone in the country' was at home
in front of the TV", according to The Korea Times.[23] The most
outstanding classical historical series of the era is considered to be 500
Years of Joseon (조선왕조500년, Joseonwangjo 500 nyeon), a serial that
ran for eight years, consisting of 11 separate series. The serial was
produced by Lee Byung-hoon, who later directed one of the biggest
international successes of Korean drama, Dae Jang Geum (2003–04),
which was sold in 150 countries.[33][27][29][32]
The 1990s brought another important milestone for Korean television.

As technology developed, new opportunities arose, and the beginning
of the decade marked the launch of a new commercial channel; Seoul
Broadcasting System (SBS), which facilitated and re-initiated a race for
catching viewers' attention.[34] The first real commercial success
among Korean television series was Eyes of Dawn (여명의 눈동자,
Yeomyeongui nundongja), aired in 1991 by MBC, starring Chae Shi-ra
and Choi Jae-sung. The series led the viewers through turbulent times
from the Japanese rule to the Korean War.[34] The 1992 MBC
miniseries Jealousy starring Choi Jin-sil and Choi Soo-jong is
considered the first "trendy drama", marking a breakthrough in filming
techniques and the beginning of the romantic comedy genre in Korean
dramas.[35][36] The series depicted the lifestyles of young people of
the era and is one of the first dramas to air in China, along with Eyes of
Dawn.[36][37] New channel SBS also produced successful series, one of
them being Sandglass in 1995. Sandglass was another trendy drama,
which the Korean Culture and Information Service considers an
important milestone, having changed the way Korean dramas are made
:
by introducing a new format.[34] In this decade, the new miniseries
format became widespread, with 12 to 24 episodes.[38] The term Hallyu
(Korean: 한류) which comes from Mandarin 韓流, (Pinyin: hán liú) was
coined in the late 1990s after the success of Star in My Heart in China,
and its popularity elevated the main cast to Hallyu stardom.[39][40] This
era marked the start of export for Korean dramas, setting off the
Korean Wave.
The beginning years of the 2000s gave birth to famous Korean dramas
and also marked the period of overseas distribution. Some popular
ones are Full House, Autumn in My Heart and Winter Sonata. It marks
the birth of a new genre, called "fusion sageuk", essentially changing
the ways to produce historical series, with successful pieces such as
Hur Jun, Damo and Dae Jang Geum.[27]
It started to take over the popularity of conventional dramas among 10s

and 20s because the shorter runtime, and often feature trendy content
which teenagers find it easy to sympathize with.[41]
2020s
The late 2010s and 2020s saw newfound attention of K-dramas from
international markets.[42] Netflix had begun seeking productions from
South Korea and other countries since around 2018 to expand offerings
for their service with a growing international audience. These efforts
came to fruition when Hwang Dong-hyuk's Squid Game drew in more
than 111 million viewers within 17 days of its released in September
:
2021, becoming the service's most-watched program.[42]
In the 2020s, several production companies began to produce dramas

even before the first season was aired, keeping in mind the season
system. The most representative series is The Penthouse: War in Life
series, which gained sensational popularity as it aired over three
seasons. The biggest reason why Korean dramas introduced the
season system is interpreted as changes in the industry due to the 52-
hour workweek, viewers' rejection of feature-length dramas, and
excessive supply of dramas.[43] At the same time, MBC and tvN's
anomalous organization began to be criticized a lot. tvN extended one
episode of the drama to 2 hours and 20 minutes. delaying it to the late
night of another drama. In particular, the running time of the last
episode of Hospital Playlist was close to three hours, but even though it
was reduced after editing, it delayed the formation of the next The
Road: The Tragedy of One to late night as it passed two hours.[44] And
MBC canceled telenovela The Second Husband and reran the thriller
The Veil at that time.[45][46][47][48]
Production
Korean series were originally produced in-house by the television
channels themselves, but have been outsourced to independent
companies since the 2000s. In 2012, as much as 75% of all K-dramas
were produced this way. Competition is fierce among these companies;
out of 156 registered firms, only 34 of them produced dramas that
were actually aired in 2012.[49]
:
In the late 2010s, a typical Korean drama may cost as much as ₩700
million per episode. Historical dramas have a bigger budget; one
episode of the historical romance The Red Sleeve cost as much as
₩950 million.[50] Recently, factors such as improving the work
environment, along with whether to sign contracts with domestic and
foreign OTT companies such as Netflix have served as variables. For
example, Kingdom had a budget of ₩2 billion per episode, while ₩3
billion were spent on each episode of Sweet Home.[49][51][52][53]
Often, production companies overrun their budgets and cannot pay

salaries. In 2012, actors held a demonstration in front of the
headquarters of KBS, expressing their concerns. Actors are usually
paid after the last episode is aired. In series made by smaller
production companies, there have been cases where the companies
went bankrupt and could not pay their actors and crew, while the
channel denied all responsibility, claiming all liability was with the
bankrupt production firm.[54] Producer Kim Jong-hak spent ₩10 billion
on Faith, which was considered a commercial failure, resulting in the
inability of Kim to pay crew salaries and other overheads. Kim, who had
produced iconic dramas such as Eyes of Dawn and Sandglass,
committed suicide after he was accused of embezzlement.[55][56]
The biggest stars may earn more than ₩200 million per episode, with
Kim Soo-hyun, the lead of hit dramas Moon Embracing the Sun (2012),
My Love from the Star (2013) and It's Okay to Not Be Okay (2020)
reportedly receiving ₩500 million per episode for One Ordinary Day in
2021.[57]
:
Filmmaking process
Kim Soo-hyun in
Song Joong-ki of costume for the
Descendants of the historical series Moon
Sun and Vincenzo is Embracing the Sun. He
considered a top star. is one of the most
popular Korean actors.
[58][59]
As producing a series involves high expenses, production companies

seek to shoot the episodes in the shortest time possible. In contrast to
practices elsewhere, the first four episodes of Korean series are usually
shot in advance, but the rest are shot continuously as the series is
being aired. Scripts are not finished in advance, and may change
according to viewer feedback and viewership ratings, where popular
characters receive increased screen time and plotlines are changed to
match audience expectations.[9] These changes may occur a few hours
:
before daily shooting, and the crew might receive only a few ready
pages. The production usually works with three camera crews, who
work in a rotating manner to speed up filming. Because of unregulated
script changes and tight shooting schedules, actors are almost
continuously on standby, and have no time to leave the set or sleep
properly. The Korean media have a separate word to describe irregular,
short sleeps that actors resort to, in often uncomfortable positions, or
within the set: jjok-jam (쪽잠), or "side-sleeping". Dramas usually air on
two days every week, with following episodes having to be shot within
the intervening five days. Some Korean actors have admitted to
receiving IV therapy during filming, due to extreme schedules and
exhaustion.[54][60][61] Nonetheless, the live-shoot model remains
widely used since the production team can react to real time audience
feedback.[9]
Production teams originally sent two tapes to the channels; a primary

copy and a backup copy. However, due to the tight filming schedules, a
70-minute episode might arrive at the broadcasting station on seven
separate tapes in ten-minute installments. It happened that while the
episode is being broadcast, the crew would be still shooting the last
minutes or cutting the rest of the episode. During the airing of the
nineteenth episode of Man from the Equator, screens countrywide
went black for 10 minutes. Actor Kwon Sang-woo was openly
complaining that he was still shooting King of Ambition 30 minutes
before the last episode began airing.[54] In South Korea, some
production teams still do planning and scheduling manually, instead of
using dedicated software.[62]
In 2016, dramas such as Descendants of the Sun, Uncontrollably Fond,

Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo and Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth
were all pre-produced before airing. Nonetheless, some pre-produced
:
episodes are often re-edited or even reshot the day of airing, due to
audience feedback.[9]
The larger broadcasting companies have their own dedicated shooting

locations for historical dramas, with extensive and elaborate sets.
MBC's series are shot at the Yongin Daejanggeum Park in Gyeonggi
Province,[63] while KBS dramas utilize the Mungyeongsaejae Studio (문
경새재 KBS촬영장) in North Gyeongsang Province[64] and their studio in
Suwon.[65]
In April 2023, it was announced Netflix would invest $2.5 billion in K-

Dramas.[6]
Crew
Actors and actresses

:
Actress Kim So-hyun
gained public attention as a
child actress
In the 2000s, it became customary to cast popular K-pop idols in

dramas. Initially, this generated mixed reactions. Their appearance had
provoked predominantly negative reactions outside their fandom
because some idols' acting was not viewed as professional. Also, some
idols were criticized for poor acting. Nowadays, this has become much
more common feature in Korean dramas, as the public has been getting
more used to the concept of "idol actors" and some idols have become
known for their excellent acting skills.[66] Their critical reception is still
mixed, however, some of them, like Bae Suzy, IU, Yim Si-wan, Seo In-
guk, Ok Taec-yeon, Park Jin-young, Doh Kyung-soo and Im Yoon-ah,
became successful as actors and actresses.[67][68][69]
There were also instances of children taking up careers as child actors

or actresses, usually portraying either the younger versions of some
characters or the children of the adult characters from dramas.
Subsequently, there were some child actors and actresses who
continue pursuing acting careers even after reaching adulthood, and
with some achieving success even after adulthood. Notably, such
:
people include actors like Yoon Chan-young, Park Solomon, Yoo
Seung-ho and Yeo Jin-goo; and actresses like Kim So-hyun, Lee Se-
young, Nam Ji-hyun, Kim Hyang-gi, Moon Geun-young, Park Shin-hye,
Kim Sae-ron and Kim Yoo-jung.[70]
Scriptwriters and directors

Scriptwriters and directors of Korean dramas are often as well known
as actors are. An overwhelming majority of scriptwriters (90%
according to the Beijing Metro Reader) are women, who not only write
love stories but action series as well.[71] Compared to Korean cinema,
television is more appealing for scriptwriters as contract conditions are
better, acknowledgment is greater, and the salary is higher.
Famous scriptwriters tend to have a say in their field.[72] The most well-
known scriptwriters include the Hong sisters, who wrote popular series
such as My Girl, You're Beautiful and My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho; Kim
Soon-ok, the screenwriter of The Penthouse: War in Life, The Last
Empress, Band of Sisters, Jang Bo-ri is Here! and Temptation of Wife;
Kim Eun-sook, the screenwriter of Lovers in Paris, Secret Garden, The
Heirs, Descendants of the Sun, Guardian: The Lonely and Great God,
and The Glory; Lee Kyung-hee, famous for I'm Sorry, I Love You and
The Innocent Man; male writer Choi Wan-kyu of Midas and Triangle;
Noh Hee-kyung, the author of That Winter, the Wind Blows; and It's
Okay, That's Love; and Park Ji-eun, who wrote My Husband Got a
Family, My Love from the Star, The Producers, Legend of the Blue Sea
and Crash Landing on You.[73] In particular, writer Kim Soon-ok is
:
famous for captivating male viewers who did not watch dramas well.[74]
In 2021, an article called "Kim Soon-ok, Kim Eun-sook, and Kim Eun-
hee" was also published, referring to star writers.[75]
Acknowledged TV directors include Lee Byung-hoon, who directed Hur

Jun, Dae Jang Geum and Yi San;[27] Kim Jong-hak, the director of Eyes
of Dawn, Sandglass, The Legend and Faith;,[76] Pyo Min-soo, the
director of Full House, Worlds Within and Iris II[77] and Jang Tae-yoo
who directed War of Money, Painter of the Wind, Deep Rooted Tree ,
My Love from the Star and Hyena.[78] In recent years, director Jo Hyun-
tak was also propelled to fame through his works Sky Castle, which
became one of the highest rated dramas in Korean cable television
history,[79] and Snowdrop, which, despite its alleged historical
distortions, was ranked first among the most-watched series on
Disney+ in Asian countries like Singapore and South Korea.[80]
While scriptwriters are mostly women, directors are usually men.[81]

Some female directors have risen to prominence, such as Lee Na-jeong
(이나정), who directed The Innocent Man,[82] and Lee Yun-jeong (이윤
정), whose most famous works are Coffee Prince and Heart to Heart.
The latter director is also the first female television producer employed
by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC).[83]
Music
:
Balladeer Baek Ji-young
has been named "OST
Queen" after providing the
songs for several hit
dramas such as Secret
Garden (2010) and Love in
the Moonlight (2016).
Music plays an important role in Korean dramas. Original soundtracks,

abbreviated OST's, are explicitly made for each series, and in contrast
to American series, fans have a need to buy the soundtrack album of
dramas. This trend started in the 1990s, when producers swapped
purely instrumental soundtracks for songs performed by popular K-pop
singers. Tom Larsen, director of YA Entertainment, a distributor of
Korean TV series, thinks that Korean soundtracks are polished enough
musically to be considered standalone hits.[84]
During the 2000s, it became customary for lead actors to participate in

original soundtracks, also partially due to the employment of K-pop
stars as actors. Actor Lee Min-ho, and leader of boy band SS501, Kim
Hyun-joong both recorded songs for Boys Over Flowers, while the
actors of You're Beautiful formed a fictional band and held concerts,
:
where they perform the soundtracks live.[85][86][87]
OST songs of popular K-dramas can also become hits on regular music
charts, with good sales of both physical and digital albums. The chart
performance of the OST songs usually co-relate to the popularity of
the drama. Songs from the OST of Secret Garden for example, had high
digital sales and high rankings on music charts.[88] My Destiny,
performed by Lyn for My Love from the Star, led music charts in Hong
Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and other Asian countries.[89] It also won
the Best OST award at the 2014 Baeksang Arts Awards.[90] The
soundtrack album of You're Beautiful sold 57,000 physical copies.[91]
Performers of OST songs for action series Iris held two concerts in
Japan in front of an audience of 60,000 people.[92]
Although the songs in Korean dramas may be a few or repetitive, their

choosing process is not considered easy since they are made to
convey emotions or scenes. Rocoberry, who composed the soundtrack
for Guardian: The Lonely and Great God, created 12 different
compositions before I Will Go to You Like the First Snow was chosen,
and rewrote it seven times before it got the approval of the production
team.[93]
OST composers usually look for singers who have previously had
success in the genre. Songs are written to reflect the mood of the
series and their structure. Sometimes performers give their own songs
for a series. For example, Baek Ji-young thought her song That Man,
originally written for her own album, would fit Secret Garden. There are
popular OST singers who are often employed, like Baek Ji-young, Lyn,
and Lee Seung-cheol.[94] Sometimes, foreign singers are invited to
perform songs for Korean OST. For instance, Swedish artist Lasse
Lindh sang several songs for series like Angel Eyes, Soul Mate, I Need
:
Romance, and Guardian: The Lonely and Great God.
Rating system
The television rating system is regulated by the Korea Communications
Commission, and was implemented in 2000. According to the system,
programs, including Korean dramas, are rated according to the
following principles (ratings irrelevant to dramas are omitted):[95]
: programs that may be

inappropriate for children under
12, such as mild violence,
suggestive themes or language.
: programs that may be
inappropriate for children under
15. Most dramas and talk shows
are rated this way. These
programs may include moderate
:
or strong adult themes, language,
sexual inference, and violence.
: programs intended for adults
only. These programs might
include adult themes, sexual
situations, frequent use of strong
language and disturbing scenes
of violence.
Reception
There is a tacit knowledge when it comes to the production of
television series in South Korea that appeals to consumers in a unique
way. "The working definition of tacit knowledge is the kind of
knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of
writing it down or verbalizing it." (Ingyu, 2017) K-dramas have an
especially large female presence that makes up their following and
representation. The female fandom is specifically targeted, and tacit
knowledge is applied most effectively in this area. The Korean actors
:
show a wide range of emotions, and many adlib without prompting,
even producing genuine tears without assistance.
The acting of women in K-dramas appeals to women universally,

showing the struggles that pertain only to women. Women in these
television series often assume typically male-dominated professions,
and they appeal to all women who want to bring down the image of
traditional values and male-dominated communities. K-dramas are
successful when women can break free of traditional roles and
embrace freedom. The men in K-dramas have begun to present a more
fluid nature of representation, which challenges the gender roles
typically expected of men. Rather than focusing on being "macho" or
"manly," men adopt more feminine and androgynous looks in order to
cater to female fans. There is a great focus on the beauty techniques
used, ranging from makeup all the way to cosmetic surgeries. The
androgyny in K-drama, as well as K-pop, is a common phenomenon and
draws the attention of women through global targeting.
Princess Hours teddy bear

exhibition at N Seoul Tower, 2012
According to a researcher at the University of Vienna, popularity of

Korean dramas have their foundation in Confucian values they transmit,
which Asian viewers can easily identify with. Respect for elders, filial
piety, family-orientedness, and the display of perceived "Asian moral
:
values" play an important role in Korean series.[96] YA Entertainment,
the American distributor of Korean dramas, believes that part of the
attractiveness of these series come from the quality of camera work,
scenic locations, and spectacular costumes, which make the "final
product very stylish and attractive, with arguably some of the highest
TV production values in the world."[97] Korean series follow their own
formula, are innovative and don't conform to Western television
productions.[97] Stephan Lee from Entertainment Weekly called Korean
dramas "fascinating and weirdly comforting".[98]
Exports of Korean series yielded US$37.5 million in 2003, which was

three times higher than the amount reached in 1999.[99] According to
data from Korea Creative Content Agency, in 2013 K-dramas
constituted 82% of the culture content export of South Korea, with an
income of $167 million, which is four times more than a decade before.
[62]
A driving force behind the rising popularity is the intense involvement

of fans. Because of the live-shooting production of K-dramas, Korean-
speaking fans have the opportunity to participate in their creation[100]—
a unique phenomenon in the mass media world. They can influence the
content of later shows in the series through complaints and
suggestions, which are frequently adopted by the production teams.
[101]
The global community of non-Korean-speaking fans, on the other

hand, is more involved in the consumption aspects: Fans share their
opinions through tweets and comments on newsgroups (for example,
the Soompi discussion forum) as well as reviews and recaps on
websites and blogs. However, the impact of their social media activity
goes beyond the fan community. It spreads the word about the K-
:
drama genre to social connections like acquaintances, friends and
family (e.g. Facebook friends or followers on Twitter) and thereby
generally raises its popularity. But it also has an effect on the creation
of new dramas. It influences the popularity of certain dramas, leading
to higher demand for those videos from streaming sites and additional
income for broadcasters. When a substantial profit results, it raises not
only the prestige of people involved in the production[102] but also
provides feedback for production teams and indirectly influences future
productions.
International reception
East Asia
:
Won Bin gained wide
popularity in 2000 after
starring in the television
drama Autumn in My
Heart and has since
gained critical acclaim for
his performances in the
films Taegukgi, Mother
and The Man from
Nowhere.[103][104][105][106]
China
In China, South Korean programs on Chinese government TV networks
accounted for more than all other foreign programs combined in 2006.
[107]
Hong Kong has its own channel for airing Korean dramas, TVB J2,
but ATV also airs Korean series in prime-time slots.[108] My Love from
the Star received enthusiastic feedback from China. It was viewed 40
billion times on numerous Chinese video sites.[109] The drama also
spurred interest about Korea, shown by China's increased consumption
of Korean products such as Chi Maek (chicken and beer) and Korean
cosmetics.[110] Due to the success of Korean dramas in China, some
dramas have been compiled to create feature-length films by
:
combining all episodes into one film. The prodigious popularity of
Korean dramas in the country has, on some occasions, been caught in
the crossfire over diplomatic issues between China and South Korea.
Most notable being the THAAD deployment in South Korea which
resulted in the blocking of Korean dramas on streaming services across
the country in late February 2017.[111] Following the block, Chinese TV
shows showcasing Chinese culture and other similar content replaced
Korean content on TV networks' prime time schedules in the country.
[112]
In November 2017, the ban was lifted unannounced following the
appearance of K-pop groups on national TV and the move to resume
importation of Korean dramas by Chinese streaming services.[113] In
China, apps like IQiyi, which is currently also available in Malaysia,
Singapore, Taiwan and some other countries in multiple different
subtitles, are available to stream and download Korean dramas for
viewing.
Japan
The first Korean drama to gain widespread popularity in Japan was
Winter Sonata, which was broadcast on the NHK satellite channel NHK
BS2 in 2003. The program was aired twice in the same year due to high
demand from viewers.[21] NHK also hosted a classical concert featuring
Winter Sonata's tunes performed by Korean musicians.[21] Korean
dramas boost tourism between Korea and Japan,[21] and is considered
a possible way of improving strained relationships between the two
countries, as series have become increasingly popular with Japanese
viewers.[114][115] Conversely, the series Iris had several pivotal scenes
shot in Akita, Japan, which led to an increase of Korean tourists in that
part of Japan.[116][117]
:
Mongolia
In Mongolia, Korean dramas have become popular and are broadcast at
prime time. Dae Jang Geum achieved success in the country and was
broadcast five times due to this. Autumn in My Heart, Winter Sonata
and Stairway to Heaven were other popular dramas. Popularity in
Korean dramas has resulted in interest in the learning of the Korean
language as well as Mongolians travelling to South Korea. It has also led
to increased mutually cooperative relations between Mongolia and
South Korea.[118]
North Korea
Watching films or TV dramas from South Korea is a serious offence in
North Korea, punishable by execution,[119] but people still manage to
acquire them on CDs, VHS Tapes, streaming services and DVDs.[120]
In 2021, there was an article that young people who were watching the
popular drama The Penthouse: War in Life were caught in
Pyeongseong, Pyeongnam Province, and will have to serve more than
10 years. Later, the residents of Yanggang Province began to imitate
the famous lines from the Penthouse series, and the residents were
also unable to avoid punishment.[121][122]
Taiwan
In Taiwan, interest in Korean dramas began when Star in My Heart aired
:
in 1999. Since then Korean dramas have become very popular and
according to the South Korean mission 120 K-dramas had been
broadcast in Taiwan in the first half of 2011.[123][124]
Southeast Asia
Brunei
In recent times Korean dramas have experienced growing popularity in
Brunei. The growing impact of Korean culture in Brunei led to the
hosting of the ninth Korea Forum in the country at Universiti Brunei
Darussalam in 2010. Korean television dramas, movies, music, and
clothing have had a great impact on the people of Brunei.[125]
Cambodia
The first Korean drama to be broadcast in Cambodia was Winter
Sonata; it was, however, Full House that launched the interest in Korean
dramas and entertainment in the country. Following the success of Full
House, more Korean dramas have been dubbed into the Khmer
language. Korean dramas have become popular particularly amongst
youth in Cambodia.[126]
Indonesia
In Indonesia, Korean dramas have gained popularity and the popular
:
Korean dramas Winter Sonata and Endless Love were aired on Surya
Citra Media in 2002. Some Korean dramas have also been remade into
Indonesian versions such as Demi Cinta in 2005 which was a remake of
the popular drama Autumn in My Heart and Cinta Sejati, a remake of
Stairway to Heaven. RCTI and Indosiar are examples of Indonesian
television networks that air Korean dramas in the early times, but later
Trans TV airing some of popular Korean dramas until today.[127][128]
Laos
The popularity of Korean dramas and pop culture in Laos has led to
many Laotian tourists travelling to South Korea. Korean pop culture has
gained popularity in Laos through the Thai TV channels broadcasting
Korean dramas and K-pop bands in the country.[129]
Malaysia
In Malaysia, Winter Sonata began airing on TV3 in 2003, which started
an interest in Korean pop culture in the country. Dae Jang Geum and
Autumn In My Heart were also aired in Malaysia. The popularity of
Korean dramas have resulted in a positive reception of Korean
expatriates in Malaysia.[130]
Myanmar
In Myanmar, the K-drama Autumn in My Heart was broadcast in the
country in 2001, which led to interest in Korean entertainment. When
:
Dae Jang Geum was on air, the drama sparked an interest in Korean
cuisine in the country.[131] The rising popularity of Korean dramas and
music in Myanmar has led to the Korea Foundation for International
Culture Exchange (KOFICE) distributing Korean dramas in the country
for free.[132]
Philippines
In the Philippines, Korean dramas are politically popular on free-to-air
television since 2003.[133] For more than two decades, GMA Network
has the highest number of Korean dramas broadcast in the Philippines.
[134]
Filipino politician and SAGIP Party-list Representative Rodante
Marcoleta complimented that Korean dramas have better stories and
has a lot of choices: "they may not be so good at acting, but the flow of
the story, especially their society is different so it will attract your
interest, you get something to learn. They are able to show their
culture, we see it ourselves and we say, we should adopt that too."[135]
Singapore
:
Actor Lee Min-ho
achieved pan-Asia
popularity with his hit
dramas Boys Over Flowers
(2009), The Heirs (2013)
and The Legend of the
Blue Sea (2016).
In Singapore, Prime 12 (now known as Suria) originally aired the Korean

drama Sandglass on a weekly basis in 1996 and aired Asphalt Man in
1997. Since 2001, they are shown on Chinese language channel
MediaCorp Channel U daily.[136] The launch of KBS World, ONE TV
ASIA, Oh!K, Channel M and streaming app, Viu in Singapore allows
viewers to watch Korean dramas with a variety of subtitles in a matter
of hours after the original South Korean telecast.[137] Currently,
Singaporeans also get access to Korean dramas through China-
originated online platform IQIYI, which first soft-launched its app in
2019 and planned to expand its international bases in Singapore.[138]
[139]
Thailand
:
When Dae Jang Geum was on air in Thailand, Korean food started
gaining wide popularity.[140] Due to the lop-sided nature of
entertainment exports favoring South Korea, the Thai government
requested increased introduction of popular Thai films to South Korean
media outlets. This led to the signing of an Agreement of Cultural
Cooperation between the two countries in August 2004.[141]
Vietnam
Korean dramas have also gained popularity in Vietnam, particularly
among women and young people. The fashion and hairstyles presented
in Korean dramas have become very popular among the youth of the
country.[142]
South Asia
Bangladesh
Korean dramas have gained popularity in Bangladesh in recent years.
[143]
Their rising popularity in the country has led to the Korea
Foundation for International Culture Exchange (KOFICE), an
organisation which aims to distribute Korean dramas for free to
countries, cooperating with broadcasters to distribute Korean dramas
for free in the country.[144] With the growing number of K-drama fans in
Bangladesh, more and more Facebook groups are popping up, giving
them a platform to share their love of the shows with fellow K-drama
enthusiasts and take part in events and activities hosted by the groups.
:
One of the largest Bangladeshi K-Drama groups, BD K-Family, arranges
a yearly get together for its members. Other popular Facebook K-
Drama groups include K-Drama Archive BD, Korean Lovers Bangladesh,
and BD Korean Drama Fam- all of which create opportunities for both
local and international fans to participate in discussions about their
favourite shows.[145]
Pakistan
In Pakistan, Korean dramas have gained popularity after the broadcast
of My Love from the Star, Empress Ki and The Heirs have been
broadcast in dubbed on H Now entertainment. Whereas Pakistan
Television Corporation aired Dae Jang Geum and Descendants of the
Sun being aired in Filmazia. However during the pandemic Hallyu
sparked and took Pakistan by storm, when the hit show Crash Landing
on You, All of Us Are Dead and Squid Game took off. With the help of
Korean Dramas and "K-pop" Pakistani youngsters are getting more
familiar with them. Korean dramas are mostly watched by women and
young Pakistanis. Korean dramas are unique enough to be endearing
and familiar enough to be reassuring for the Pakistani viewers because
of the similar storylines regarding family, romance, and comedic
elements. Pak-Korea Culture Collaboration (PKCC) is a group of young
Pakistanis living in Karachi who want to improve ties between both
cultures. The youth have worked with the Korean embassy in Karachi
on multiple occasions to host festivals and activities, and they have
been incredibly successful in their aim.[146]
Bhutan
:
In the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, Korean dramas and entertainment
have gained popularity particularly amongst youth. Prior to interest in
Korean entertainment, Bollywood had largely been the most popular
form of entertainment in the country. When the Bhutanese film industry
launched in the mid-1990s, Bollywood was the only form of influence
on the industry. However, in recent years Korean entertainment has
made significant inroads in the country and influence the entertainment
industry alongside Bollywood. Korean entertainment has managed to
influence fashion, and many video shops now sell Korean dramas and
movies alongside Bollywood films. The interest in Korean entertainment
has also led to controversy with older generations voicing their concern
that Korean entertainment will deteriorate Bhutanese culture and
traditions.[147][148]
India
:
Hyun Bin has starred in Highest
Rated K-Dramas in Korean
Television history like My Lovely
Samsoon, Secret Garden,
Memories of the Alhambra and
Crash Landing on You and is
considered one of the most
influential South Korean actor
In India, after the late 1990s and around 2000 Korean dramas started
becoming popular through piracy particularly in north-eastern states
such as Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh,
Tripura, Mizoram and Nagaland as well as parts of eastern state like
West Bengal and more recently in southern states like Kerala,
Telangana, Tamil Nadu.[149][150] Hindi films and TV serials were banned
in Manipur in 2000, as a result local television stations began
broadcasting subtitled Korean dramas instead from Arirang TV and
KBS World.[151][152] Many young people in north-eastern, eastern,
northern and southern parts of India mimic the hairstyles, clothes of
Korean actors while Korean fashion became very popular in the region.
[153][154][155]
As part of cultural exchange, public broadcaster
Doordarshan telecast Emperor of the Sea and Dae Jang Geum.[156]
Korean dramas are dubbed in Tamil on Puthuyugam TV such as Boys
:
Over Flowers, My Love from Another Star, Playful Kiss and many more.
[157]
Full House and Hwang Jini started airing on Firangi channel in
2008. Reliance Big TV offered KBS World to its subscribers from 2009
on satellite television. Local fan clubs got help from Consul-General of
South Korea while Korean Cultural Centre in India (KCCI) under South
Korean embassy started mapping popularity of K-dramas.[158] As per
KCCI, the motivation to understand Korean drama properly without
subtitles is driving the uptake of Korean language classes among the
youth with females outnumbering males.[159] DD Bharati broadcast
period drama Hur Jun in 2014 that received highest viewer ratings of
34 million from January to October 2014. Online streaming platform
ZEE5 launched Descendants of the Sun to test the Indian market from
February 8 to March 1, 2017, and found overwhelming positive
response for Korean content with viewership ran close to 56 million.
[152]
The telecast of Korean drama on Cable TV in 2017 stopped as
Korean Broadcasting System Network wanted to raise syndication
charges due to accumulation of large viewer-ship base in India that
included pockets of Bihar, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh due to short 16 to
20 episodes format that are easier for binge-watching.[160][161] With
increasing interest in Korean content among younger generation from
tier-1 cities, Samsung through its My Galaxy mobile application is
partnering with Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) in 2019 to bring
exclusive content for 20 million Indian users.[162] With COVID-19
pandemic, Dish TV started premium K-dramas dubbed in Hindi and
Tamil.[163] Korean dramas are also driving highest viewer-ship on
Netflix with second season of TV series Kingdom attained the Top 10
series row as of March 2020. It's Okay to Not Be Okay is on Netflix Top
10 list in India for several weeks in August 2020 which has jumped to
number 3 position. Netflix is increasing investment on Korean content
to capture the Indian market.[164] Over-the-top media service (OTT)
:
MX Player confirmed rising popularity and demand of Korean dramas
among millennial population especially the women audience and is now
making deals with South Korean television and radio network company
Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) to bring more content in India.
Korean dramas and films became most visited category for ShortsTV in
India.[165] As per media experts, the relatable themes in Korean content
is fast catching the imagination of general public of almost every age
group that is going mainstream and driving highest viewing especially
after 92nd Academy Awards winning movie Parasite due to the shared
Asian cultural heritage and societal values.[166][167][168] As per Parrot
Analytics report, K-drama series Crash Landing on You, is on demand
1.2 times than an average TV series that is 89.8% more than all drama
titles shown in India forcing broadcasters to make extra slots as women
are at the forefront of consumer demand in Korean content category.
[169][170]
The COVID-19 lockdown in India proved to be an inflection
point in 2020–2021 when Korean drama moved from a niche sub-
culture segment to mainstream due to services like Netflix, Rakuten Viki
and YouTube. It penetrated to every age group and social background.
The popularity of Korean drama forced many over-the-top media
service in India such as MX Player, Viu and ZEE5 to bring the dubbed
versions in local language that will help cater to large non English
speaking audience.[171][172][173]
Nepal
Interest for Korean dramas in the Nepal began when Winter Sonata
aired on Kantipur Television Network in the mid-2000s. This led to the
popularity of other K-dramas such as Boys Over Flowers, Autumn In My
Heart, You Are Beautiful and Full House to name a few. Popularity of
:
Korean media products has also led to interest of learning the Korean
language and has resulted in the emergence of Korean language
tutorials that air on ABC Television in the country. Korean dramas have
become popular among Nepali youth and markets are often frequented
by teenagers looking to buy the latest dramas. The hairstyles and
fashion of Korean actors have influenced the fashion sense of Nepali
youth. Fascinated by the lifestyle and food of Korea, restaurants
serving Korean cuisine have also been established in the country.[174]
[175]
Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, the Independent Television Network aired Full House in
2009 and it proved popular. Dae Jang Geum aired on Rupavahini in
2012 and was dubbed in Sinhala under the title Sujatha Diyani (සuජාත
&ය(), meaning "The Pure, Valuable Daughter" and received a viewer
rate of over 90%.[176] The Independent Television Network, Rupavahini,
TV Derana, Sirasa TV, Swarnavahini and TV 1 air Korean dramas
dubbed in the Sinhalese language.[177][178] Streaming service, Iflix also
streams many Korean dramas with English and Sinhalese subtitles in
the country, some as early as 24 hours after their original Korean
broadcast.[179] Additionally, the popularity of Korean pop culture in the
country has led to an increasingly warm reception towards Korean
people.[180]
Middle East and North Africa

Since the mid-2000s, Israel, Iran, Morocco and Egypt have become
:
major consumers of Korean culture.[181][182] Following the success of
Korean dramas in the Middle East & North Africa, the Korean Overseas
Information Service made Winter Sonata available with Arabic subtitles
on several state-run Egyptian television networks. According to Youna
Kim (2007), "The broadcast was part of the government's efforts to
improve the image of South Korea in the Middle East, where there is
little understanding and exposure towards Korean culture" (p. 31).[183]
The New York Times reported that the intent behind this was to
contribute towards positive relations between Arab & Berber audiences
and South Korean soldiers stationed in northern Iraq.[184]
MBC4 (Middle East Broadcasting Channel) played a major role in

increasing the Korean wave's popularity in the MENA region (Middle
East and North Africa). This broadcasting channel hosted a series of
Korean drama, paying for the Arabic subtitles or dubbed. starting 2012
such as Boys Over Flowers (‫)أٮ )ﺎم اﻟﺰﻫور‬, You're Beautiful (‫ﺣﻤٮ)ﻠﺔ‬0 ‫ﺖ‬3‫)أٮ‬,
Dream High (‫ﺎب‬0‫)ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺸٮ‬, Coffee Prince (‫)ﻣ <ڡﻬﻰ اﻷﻣٮ)ﺮ‬. Some Arab
countries opposed Korean content (dramas, reality show) out of fear
that their youth would abandon Islamic traditions in order to adopt
Western modernity.[185] However, this did not stop the Korean
industries from exporting more Korean Dramas to the Arab world in the
following years such as The Heirs (‫)اﻟورٮ>ﺔ‬. The popularity of Korean
dramas in the MENA region-and its continuous growth- originates from
the content of these dramas. As the majority of the plots of Korean
dramas focus on social issues (love between different social classes or
family problems for instance),[186] the Arab audiences fit themselves
and could relate to the Korean socio-cultural values as they seem
appealing to them. So Korean dramas play the role of an equilibrium
point where two, somehow, different cultures could create a new
cultural space where these two different cultures could meet.
:
LBC SAT and Rotana Drama (Rotana Group) played a major role in
increasing the Korean wave's popularity in the MENA region (Middle
East and North Africa). This broadcasting channel hosted a series of
Korean dramas, paying for the Arabic subtitles starting in 2022, such as
Medal of the Republic, When I Was the Most Beautiful, Extraordinary
You, Find Me in Your Memory, Love in Sadness, The Red Sleeve, and
My Secret Terrius. The Arab audiences fit themselves and could relate
to the Korean socio-cultural values as they seem appealing to them. So
Korean dramas play the role of an equilibrium point where two,
somehow, different cultures could create a new cultural space where
these two cultures could meet. Fear that the learning rituals embedded
in the show would lead Kuwaiti youth to abandon their traditions
wholesale in order to adopt Western morality wholesale. However, this
did not stop the Korean industries from exporting more Korean dramas
to the Arab world in the following years.[187][188][189]
Iran
Iran's state broadcaster, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB),
aired several Korean dramas during prime time slots in recent years,
with this decision attributed by some to their Confucian values of
respect for others, which are "closely aligned to Islamic culture",[190]
while in contrast, Western productions often fail to satisfy the criteria
set by Iran's Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.[191] In October
2012, the Tehran Times reported that IRIB representatives visited South
Korea to visit filming locations in an effort to strengthen "cultural
affinities" between the two countries and to seek avenues for further
cooperation between KBS and IRIB.[192][193] According to Reuters, until
recently audiences in Iran have had little choice in broadcast material
:
and thus programs that are aired by IRIB often attain higher viewership
ratings in Iran than in South Korea; for example, the most popular
episodes of Jumong attracted over 90% of Iranian audience (compared
to 40% in South Korea), propelling its lead actor Song Il-gook to
superstar status in Iran.[194]
Iraq
In the early 2000s, Korean dramas were aired for South Korean troops
stationed in northern Iraq as part of coalition forces led by the United
States during the Iraq War. With the end of the war and the subsequent
withdrawal of South Korean military personnel from the country, efforts
were made to expand availability of K-dramas to the ordinary citizens of
Iraq.[2] In 2012, the Korean drama Hur Jun reportedly attained a
viewership of over 90% in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.[2] Its lead actor
Jun Kwang-ryul was invited by the federal government of Iraq to visit
the city of Sulaymaniyah in Kurdistan, at the special request of the
country's First Lady, Hero Ibrahim Ahmed.
Egypt
Autumn in My Heart, one of the earliest Korean dramas brought over to
the Middle East, was made available for viewing after five months of
"persistent negotiations" between the South Korean embassy and an
Egyptian state-run broadcasting company. Shortly after the series
ended, the embassy reported that it had received over 400 phone calls
and love letters from fans from all over the country.[195] According to
the secretary of the South Korean embassy in Cairo Lee Ki-seok,
:
Korea's involvement in the Iraq War had significantly undermined its
reputation among Egyptians, but the screening of Autumn in My Heart
proved "extremely effective" in reversing negative attitudes.[196]
Europe
Romania
The first Korean drama in Romania was aired on TVR in August 2009
with Dae Jang Geum, and in the following month it became the third
most popular television program in the country.[197] Since then, Korean
dramas have seen high ratings and further success.[197][198]
North America
United States
The Asian American-targeted cable TV channels AZN Television and
ImaginAsian aired Korean dramas alongside content from China, Japan,
India, Thailand and other parts of Asia. The dramas were aimed at the
Asian American community before the channels dissolved in 2008 and
2011 respectively.[199][200]
In November 2008, Netflix[201] began offering several Korean dramas

as part of its video selection. In August 2009, DramaFever began
offering free subtitled video streaming service, with video
:
advertisements, in the United States.[202][203]
Singapore-based Viki streams popular Korean dramas across the world

including North America, with subtitles in 70 languages.[204]
Companies in Asia have also designed streaming services available
online and as mobile apps targeted towards overseas Asian
communities. "MobiTV" created by the Sri Lankan company, Bhasha is
a streaming service and mobile app aimed at the Sri Lankan community
and streams Korean dramas dubbed in the Sinhalese language
alongside other content aired in Sri Lanka.[205] "Roopa", created by the
same company, is another service available as a mobile app also aimed
at the Sri Lankan community, it too streams Korean dramas dubbed in
the Sinhalese language.[206] Chinese company PPTV is another
example, a mobile app, "PPTV⽹络电视HD" streams Korean dramas
aimed at the Chinese community alongside content that is primarily
available in Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean but also increasingly in
English.[207][208]
Additionally, Korean dramas are available at online DVD retailers. Some

Korean dramas, however, are not available for region 1 (North America)
encoding and NTSC video format. Amazon offers streaming of Winter
Sonata for a fee.[209]
KBFD-DT in Honolulu, Hawaii broadcasts a majority of Korean dramas

on its daily schedule, as well as offering the programs on sale at its
website and on demand through its K-Life channel on Oceanic Time
Warner Cable. Another Honolulu outlet, KHII-TV devotes three hours of
its Sunday afternoon schedule to Korean dramas.
KTSF, a channel aimed at the Asian American community in San

Francisco, California airs Korean dramas as part of its schedule
:
alongside content in Mandarin, Tagalog, Hindi, Korean, Vietnamese,
Japanese, Taiwanese and Cantonese.[210]
South America
Between 2001 and 2002, South America began to absorb Korean
programming. The 1997 series Star in My Heart began its successful
broadcast in Chile, Peru and other countries in the area, but these last
two were where More had repercussions, including an Ahn Jae-wook
fan club founded.[211] In 2002, Winter Sonata, produced by KBS 2TV,
became the first series in the region to match the success of Meteor
Garden, attracting a cult following in Asia. Marketing sales, including
DVD sets and novels, exceeded $3.5 million in Japan. In 2004, then-
Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi noted that the series' male
lead was "more popular than I am in Japan."[212] Other Korean dramas
released in later years such as Jewel in the Palace (2003) and Full
House (2004) had comparable levels of success.[213]
Chile
In Chile, which was one of the first countries on a global level, the
phenomenon of Korean wave, which is also known as hallyu, began
with the first drama aired that was the original 1997 MBC series Star in
My Heart in 2001 by Chilevisión past midnight[214] and later years later
in 2003 it was retransmitted by Canal 21 (Chillán) in Chillán, but it was
not until 2006, when Stairway to Heaven was broadcast at 1:00 pm on
the public television channel Televisión Nacional de Chile, which
achieved notoriety of this genre being compared to La madrastra—an
:
old very successful Chilean soap opera—due to the high audience
figures in its schedule competing directly with other channels, it was
also broadcast by TV Chile to other continents dubbed into Spanish.
[215][216]
Ratings and viewership

Viewership ratings are provided by two companies in South Korea:
Nielsen Korea and TNmS.[217] Originally, Media Service Korea (MSK)
was the sole company providing TV viewership ratings using people
meter since 1992, but was only limited to Seoul Capital Area.[217][218] In
1998, TNS Media Korea began as a rival company in partnership with
Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS) which extended the service to five major
cities; it was officially launched in June 1999 with a more sophisticated
viewership rating survey technique.[217] While, in August 1999, AC
Nielsen acquired MSK and rebranded it as AC Nielsen Korea and
expanded the audience rating survey to the whole country with the aim
to increase the credibility of the ratings.[217] In 2005, AC Nielsen Korea
signed a merger with AGB Group and AGB Nielsen Media Research was
established.[219] AGB Nielsen Media Research merged with KADD
Nielsen Media Research in January 2013, and the official name was
changed to Nielsen Korea.[217][220]
In 2010, TNS Media Korea was renamed to TNmS (Total National

Multimedia Statistics).[221][217] Since late 2018, TNmS stopped
providing data to the public through their websites, and instead
occasionally releases the ratings through news agencies such as
BreakNews.[222]
:
List of highest-rated series
on terrestrial television
The list was compiled from data by Nielsen Korea, based on the
episode of the highest viewership since 1992.[223]
By household rating
Top 50 series per nationwide household rating

Nationwide
Final
household
# Series Network episode Ref
rating
date
(Nielsen)
April 26, [224]

1 You and I MBC 66.9%
1998
April 20, [225]

2 First Love KBS2 65.8% [226]
1997
May 31, [227]

3 What Is Love MBC 64.9% [228]
1992
February
4 Sandglass SBS 64.5%
16, 1995
June 27, [229]

5 Hur Jun MBC 63.5%
2000
A Sunny Place of November [230]

6 KBS2 62.7%
the Young 12, 1995
[225]
Sons and May 9,
:
Sons and May 9, [225]
7 MBC 61.1% [226]
Daughters 1993
Taejo Wang February [231]

8 KBS1 60.2%
Geon 24, 2002
[232]
February
9 Eyes of Dawn 58.4% [233]
6, 1992
March 23, [231]

10 Dae Jang Geum 57.8%
2004
MBC
See and See April 2, [234]
11 57.3%
Again 1999
February
12 Truth 56.5%
24, 2000
August 15, [235]

13 Lovers in Paris SBS 56.3%
2004
[236]
July 21,
14 Jealousy MBC 56.1% [237]
1992
Blowing of the March 29,

15 55.8%
Wind 1996
KBS2
Men of the Bath September [230]
16 53.4%
House 1, 1996
[238]
November
Gook Hee MBC [239]
16, 1999
17 53.1%
April 15, [238]
Trap of Youth [239]
1999
SBS
June 10,
19 Tomato 52.7%
1999
[240]
August 30,
20 M 52.2% [241]
1994
MBC
[242]
Season of the December
21 52.1%
:
21 52.1% [243]
Storm 30, 1993
September
22 Rustic Period SBS 51.8%
30, 2003
December [244]
23 My Mother's Sea MBC 51.6% [245]
26, 1993
Legend of October [226]

24 KBS2 50.2%
Ambition 25, 1998
Ladies of the July 22, [231]

25 SBS 49.9%
Palace 2002
[246]
My Son's April 13,
Woman 1995 [247]
26 MBC 49.7%
[248]
March 6,
Jumong [231]
2007
Tears of the May 31, [231]

28 KBS1 49.6%
Dragon 1998
March 17, [249]

29 My Only One KBS2 49.4%
2019
[250]
April 29,
Star in My Heart MBC [251]
1997
30 49.3%
Bread, Love and September [252]
KBS2
Dreams 16, 2010
My Lovely Sam July 21, [253]

32 49.1%
Soon 2005
October [254]
33 Ambition 49.0%
13, 1994
[255]
The Moon of October
34 48.7% [256]
Seoul 16, 1994
MBC
[257]
February [258]
35 The Last Match 48.6%
:
February
35 The Last Match 48.6% [259]
22, 1994
[260]
[261]
July 6,
All About Eve [262]
2000
36 48.3%
February [263]
Wang's Family KBS2
9, 2014
How is Your October [note 1]

38 SBS 48.2%
Husband? 19, 1993
July 13, [266]

39 Cinderella MBC 48.0%
1997
April 3,
40 All In SBS 47.7%
2003
Seoyoung, My March 3, [267]

41 47.6%
Daughter 2013
Until We Can February

42 KBS2 47.1%
Love 28, 1997
November [268]
43 My Rosy Life 47.0%
10, 2005
November [269]
44 Pilot MBC 46.2%
2, 1993
Autumn in My November
45 46.1%
Heart 7, 2000
Daughters of a April 30,

46 KBS2 45.9%
Rich Family 1995
My Husband Got September [270]

47 45.3%
a Family 9, 2012
July 26, [271]

48 Brilliant Legacy SBS 45.2%
2009
March 11,
:
March 11, [272]
49 My Golden Life KBS2 45.1%
2018
July 2, [273]
50 Dear Heaven SBS 44.9%
2006
By viewers
Top 50 series per nationwide viewers (million) since 2018[note 2]

Nationwide
viewers Final
# Series Network number in episode Ref
million date
(Nielsen)
March 17, [274]

1 My Only One 9.246
2019
March 11, [275]

2 My Golden Life 8.366
2018
Young Lady and March 27, [276]

3 6.956
Gentleman 2022
September [277]
4 Once Again 6.893
13, 2020
September [278]
5 Marry Me Now KBS2 6.669
9, 2018
September [279]
6 Mother of Mine 6.247
22, 2019
Homemade March 7, [280]

7 6.145
Love Story 2021
Revolutionary September [281]

:
Revolutionary September [281]
8 5.823
Sisters 18, 2021
Beautiful Love, March 22, [282]

9 5.693
Wonderful Life 2020
The Penthouse: April 2, [283]

10 5.601
War in Life 2 2021
SBS
The Penthouse: January 5, [284]
11 5.354
War in Life 2021
It's Beautiful September [285]

12 KBS2 5.300
Now 18, 2022
February [286]
13 Dr. Romantic 2 SBS 5.210
25, 2020
Three Bold March 19, [287]

14 5.144
Siblings 2023
When the November [288]

15 KBS2 4.491
Camellia Blooms 21, 2019
The Real Has September [289]

16 4.330
Come! 10, 2023
April 20, [290]

17 The Fiery Priest SBS 4.325
2019
February [291]
18 Money Flower MBC 4.085
3, 2018
April 15, [292]

19 Taxi Driver 2 SBS 4.005
2023
April 17, [293]

20 Unasked Family KBS1 3.950
2020
Hot Stove February [294]

21 SBS 3.921
League 14, 2020
Home for October [295]

22 KBS1 3.897
Summer 25, 2019
:
22 KBS1 3.897
Summer 25, 2019
Live Your Own March 17, [296]

23 KBS2 3.884
Life 2024
October 9, [297]
24 Brilliant Heritage KBS1 3.852
2020
The Penthouse: September [298]

25 SBS 3.778
War in Life 3 10, 2021
March 14, [299]

26 Liver or Die KBS2 3.692
2019
January 1, [300]
27 The Red Sleeve MBC 3.668
2022
March 26, [301]

28 No Matter What KBS1 3.599
2021
February [302]
29 Man in a Veil 3.502
10, 2021
KBS2
The Secret of February [303]
30 3.480
My Love 9, 2018
Sunny Again November [304]

31 3.478
Tomorrow 2, 2018
KBS1
April 26, [305]
32 It's My Life 3.459
2019
June 17, [306]

33 Dr. Romantic 3 SBS 3.423
2023
February [307]
34 Knight Flower MBC 3.395
17, 2024
September [308]
35 Bravo, My Life 3.382
30, 2022
The Love in Your March 24, [309]

36 KBS1 3.377
Eyes 2023
:
May 4, [310]
37 Love Returns 3.330
2018
The Last February [311]

38 SBS 3.282
Empress 21, 2019
The All-Round April 8, [312]

39 KBS1 3.245
Wife 2022
November [313]
40 One the Woman 3.235
6, 2021
SBS
May 29, [314]
41 Taxi Driver 3.117
2021
February [315]
42 A Pledge to God 3.112
16, 2019
MBC
Man in the March 18, [316]
43 3.082
Kitchen 2018
Gracious March 27, [317]

44 3.080
Revenge 2020
December [318]
45 Red Shoes KBS2 3.074
10, 2021
October 7, [319]
46 Gold Mask 2.998
2022
Be My Dream October 1, [320]

47 KBS1 2.951
Family 2021
One Dollar November [321]

48 SBS 2.933
Lawyer 11, 2022
May 15, [322]

49 Doctor Prisoner 2.832
2019
KBS2
Vengeance of March 9, [323]
50 2.820
the Bride 2023
:
List of highest-rated series
on cable television
The following dramas air on a cable

channel/pay TV which normally has a
relatively smaller audience compared
to free-to-air TV/public broadcasters
(KBS, SBS, MBC and EBS).
By household rating
Top 50 series per nationwide household rating

Nationwide
Final
household
# Series Network episode Ref
rating
date
(Nielsen)
The World of the May 16, [324]

1 28.371%
Married 2020
December [325]
2 Reborn Rich JTBC 26.948%
25, 2022
February 1,
:
February 1, [326]
3 Sky Castle 23.779%
2019
Crash Landing February [327]

4 21.683%
on You 16, 2020
[328]
January
5 Reply 1988 18.803% [329]
tvN 16, 2016
Guardian: The
January [330]
6 Lonely and 18.680%
21, 2017
Great God
June 4, [331]
7 Doctor Cha JTBC 18.546%
2023
September [332]
8 Mr. Sunshine tvN 18.129%
30, 2018
Extraordinary August 18, [333]

9 ENA 17.534%
Attorney Woo 2022
February [334]
10 Mr. Queen 17.371%
14, 2021
Crash Course in March 5, [335]

11 17.038%
Romance tvN 2023
Under the
December [336]
12 Queen's 16.852%
4, 2022
Umbrella
Love (ft.
August 8, [337]
13 Marriage and TV Chosun 16.582%
2021
Divorce) 2
March 21, [338]

14 Itaewon Class 16.548%
2020
JTBC
February [339]
15 Agency 16.044%
26, 2023
May 2,
:
May 2, [340]
16 Vincenzo 14.636%
2021
June 12, [341]

17 Our Blues 14.597%
2022
100 Days My October [342]

18 tvN 14.412%
Prince 30, 2018
May 28, [343]

19 Hospital Playlist 14.142%
2020
Hospital Playlist September [344]

20 14.080%
2 16, 2021
August 6, [345]
21 King the Land JTBC 13.789%
2023
Hometown Cha- October [346]

22 12.665%
Cha-Cha 17, 2021
tvN
March 12, [347]
23 Signal 12.544%
2016
Welcome to January [348]

24 12.399%
Samdal-ri 21, 2024
[349]
The Lady in August 19,
25 JTBC 12.065% [350]
Dignity 2017
The Good Bad June 8, [351]

26 12.032%
Mother 2023
September [352]
27 Hotel del Luna 12.001%
1, 2019
tvN
Marry My February [353]
28 11.951%
Husband 20, 2024
February [354]
29 Red Balloon TV Chosun 11.566%
26, 2023
Twenty-Five April 3, [355]

30 11.513%
Twenty-One 2022
:
30 11.513%
Twenty-One 2022
December [356]
31 Reply 1994 11.509%
28, 2013
tvN
January [357]
32 Prison Playbook 11.195%
18, 2018
October 9, [358]
33 Little Women 11.105%
2022
The Uncanny January [359]

34 OCN 10.999%
Counter 24, 2021
The Crowned March 4, [360]

35 tvN 10.851%
Clown 2019
[361]
My Kids Give Me March 17,
36 JTBC 10.715% [362]
a Headache 2013
December [363]
37 Jirisan 10.663%
12, 2021
tvN
June 27, [364]
38 Mine 10.512%
2021
Strong Girl Nam- November [365]

39 JTBC 10.420%
soon 26, 2023
Love (ft.
May 1, [366]
2022
Divorce) 3
Show Window:
January [367]
41 The Queen's Channel A 10.335%
18, 2022
House
January [368]
42 Encounter 10.329%
24, 2019
Military
April 26, [369]
43 Prosecutor 10.081%
2022
Doberman
:
2022
Doberman tvN
Memories of the January [370]
44 10.025%
Alhambra 20, 2019
June 28, [371]

45 Another Miss Oh 9.991%
2016
Bossam: Steal July 4, [372]

46 MBN 9.759%
the Fate 2021
The Light in March 19, [373]

47 9.731%
Your Eyes 2019
JTBC
Strong Girl April 15, [374]
48 9.668%
Bong-soon 2017
Love (ft.
March 14, [375]
2021
Divorce)
Alchemy of
January 8, [376]
50 Souls: Light and tvN 9.651%
2023
Shadow
By viewers
Top 50 series per nationwide viewers (million) since 2018[note 2]

Nationwide
viewers Final
# Series Network number in episode Ref
million date
(Nielsen)
February 1, [377]
1 Sky Castle JTBC 6.508
2019
:
2019
Crash Landing February [378]

2 tvN 6.337
on You 16, 2020
December [379]
3 Reborn Rich 6.277
25, 2022
JTBC
The World of the May 16, [380]
4 6.248
Married 2020
February [381]
5 Mr. Queen 4.749
14, 2021
tvN
September [382]
6 Mr. Sunshine 4.631
30, 2018
Extraordinary August 18, [383]

7 ENA 4.449
Attorney Woo 2022
March 21, [384]

8 Itaewon Class JTBC 4.425
2020
Crash Course in March 5, [385]

9 tvN 4.329
Romance 2023
June 4, [386]
10 Doctor Cha JTBC 4.088
2023
Under the
December [387]
11 Queen's 4.049
4, 2022
Umbrella
Hospital Playlist tvN September [388]

12 3.853
2 16, 2021
May 2, [389]
13 Vincenzo 3.841
2021
February [390]
14 Agency JTBC 3.685
26, 2023
September [391]
15 Hotel del Luna 3.674
1, 2019
:
15 Hotel del Luna 3.674
1, 2019
May 28, [392]

16 Hospital Playlist tvN 3.579
2020
June 12, [393]

17 Our Blues 3.419
2022
August 6, [394]
18 King the Land JTBC 3.404
2023
Love (ft.
August 8, [395]
19 Marriage and TV Chosun 3.344
2021
Divorce) 2
100 Days My October [396]

20 tvN 3.264
Prince 30, 2018
The Uncanny January [397]

21 OCN 3.257
Counter 24, 2021
Hometown Cha- October [398]

22 3.237
Cha-Cha 17, 2021
January [399]
23 Prison Playbook tvN 3.063
18, 2018
Twenty-Five April 3, [400]

24 3.047
Twenty-One 2022
Welcome to January [401]

25 JTBC 2.965
Samdal-ri 21, 2024
Marry My February [402]

26 2.938
Husband 20, 2024
tvN
Memories of the January [403]
27 2.853
Alhambra 20, 2019
The Good Bad June 8, [404]

28 2.669
Mother 2023
JTBC
Strong Girl Nam- November [405]
29 2.652
soon 26, 2023
:
29 2.652
soon 26, 2023
October 9, [406]
30 Little Women 2.618
2022
December [407]
31 Jirisan tvN 2.586
12, 2021
January [408]
32 Encounter 2.473
24, 2019
February [409]
33 Red Balloon TV Chosun 2.457
26, 2023
The Crowned March 4, [410]

34 2.447
Clown 2019
June 27, [411]

35 Mine 2.429
2021
Alchemy of tvN August 28, [412]

36 2.410
Souls 2022
What's Wrong
July 26, [413]
37 with Secretary 2.383
2018
Kim
Behind Your October 1, [414]

38 JTBC 2.328
Touch 2023
Military
April 26, [415]
39 Prosecutor 2.279
2022
Doberman
tvN
Alchemy of
January 8, [416]
40 Souls: Light and 2.267
2023
Shadow
The Light in March 19, [417]

41 JTBC 2.223
Your Eyes 2019
Tale of the Nine June 11, [418]

42 tvN 2.216
Tailed 1938 2023
:
42 tvN 2.216
Tailed 1938 2023
Show Window:
January [419]
43 The Queen's Channel A 2.195
18, 2022
House
October 4, [420]
44 Stranger 2 2.186
2020
Arthdal September [421]

45 2.120
Chronicles 22, 2019
A Korean March 4, [422]

tvN
Odyssey 2018
46 2.115
July 1, [423]
Lawless Lawyer
2018
December [424]
48 Castaway Diva 2.097
3, 2023
Divorce Attorney April 9, [425]

49 JTBC 2.073
Shin 2023
It's Okay to Not August 9, [426]

50 tvN 2.065
Be Okay 2020
See also
Asia
portal
South
Korea
:
portal
Television
portal
Chinese television drama

List of South Korean television
series
History of Korean animation
Japanese television drama
Korean Wave
Manhwa
Mass media in South Korea
Philippine television drama
South Korean television dramas
:
in the Philippines
Taiwanese television drama
Television in South Korea
Webtoon
Footnotes
1. As of 2010 it remained 38th in

ranking,[264] as of January 2013,
it remained 41st in ranking, as of
May 2015, it remained around
40th in ranking,[265] as of June
2018, it remained 39th in
ranking.
:
2. The number of viewers was
released by Nielsen Korea
starting January 2018.
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252. "September 16, 2010 Nationwide
:
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빵왕김탁구) 49.3%"
253. "깔끔한 마무리 '내 이름은 김삼순', 시
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[[Respond! MBC Drama ①] The
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261. "[온에어 스페셜⑤]역대 방송가 드라
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262. 고재완 (March 27, 2012). "40%
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263. "February 9, 2014 Nationwide
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말연속극(왕
가네식구들) 48.3%"
264. "역대 드라마 시청률 T0P
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ps://blog.daum.net/logotheraph
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:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말연속극(내
딸서영이) 47.6%"
268. " '장밋빛인생' 47% '장밋빛 질주' 계
속된다" (https://entertain.v.daum.
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:
269. 박준범 (March 10, 2007). " '흥행
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November 8, 2023.
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말연속극(넝
쿨째굴러온당신) 45.3%"
271. "July 26, 2009 Nationwide Cable
Ratings" (http://www.nielsenkore
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162339/https://www.nielsenkore
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"1st (SBS) 특별기획(찬란한유산)
45.2%"
:
1) . Nielsen Korea. Archived (http
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2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(황
금빛내인생) 45.1%"
00&begin_date=20060702) .
:
124658/http://www.nielsenkore
00&begin_date=20060702)
2023. "1st (SBS) 주말극장(하늘이
시여) 44.9%"
:
=00&begin_date=20190310)
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(하
나뿐인내편) 9,246"
:
607064859/https://www.nielsen
korea.co.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.as
p?menu=Tit_1&sub_menu=1_1&a
rea=00&begin_date=20180204)
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(황
금빛내인생) 8,366"
:
rea=00&begin_date=2022030
6) from the original on March 9,
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(신
사와아가씨) 6,956"
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(한
번다녀왔습니다) 6,893"
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(같
이살래요) 6,669"
279. "September 22, 2019
Nationwide Cable Ratings" (htt
p://www.nielsenkorea.co.kr/tv_ter
restrial_day.asp?menu=Tit_1&sub
_menu=1_1&area=00&begin_dat
e=20190922) . Nielsen Korea.
g/web/20210602213750/http
s://www.nielsenkorea.co.kr/tv_ter
:
e=20190922) from the original
on June 2, 2021. Retrieved
November 8, 2023. "1st (KBS2)
주말드라마(세상에서제일예쁜내딸)
6,247"
280. "January 31, 2021 Nationwide
03081252/https://www.nielsenk
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(오
삼광빌라) 6,145"
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(오
케이광자매) 5,823"
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(사
랑은뷰티풀인생은원더풀) 5,693"
:
2023. "1st (SBS) 금토드라마
(WARINLIFE펜트하우스2) 5,601"
:
2023. "1st (SBS) 월화드라마
(WARINLIFE펜트하우스) 5,354"
285. "September 18, 2022
Nationwide Cable Ratings" (http
g/web/20220920035749/http
e=20220918) from the original
on September 20, 2022.
:
"1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(현재는아름
다워) 5,300"
:
2023. "1st (SBS) 월화드라마(낭만
닥터김사부2) 5,210"
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(삼
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(삼
남매가용감하게) 5,144"
288. "November 21, 2019 Nationwide
=00&begin_date=20191121)
2023. "1st (KBS2) 수목드라마(동
백꽃필무렵) 4,491"
:
백꽃필무렵) 4,491"
2023. "1st (KBS2) 주말드라마(진
짜가나타났다) 4,330"
:
290. "April 20, 2019 Nationwide Cable
00&begin_date=20190420) .
153437/http://www.nielsenkorea.
co.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.asp?menu
=Tit_1&sub_menu=1_1&area=0
0&begin_date=20190420)
2023. "1st (SBS) 금토드라마(열혈
사제) 4,325"
:
=00&begin_date=20180203)
2023. "2nd (MBC) 주말특별기획
(돈꽃) 4,085"
:
00&begin_date=20230415) .
30715/http://www.nielsenkorea.c
o.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.asp?menu
0&begin_date=20230415) from
"1st (SBS) 금토드라마(복수대행써
비스모범택시2) 4,005"
:
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일연속극(꽃길
만걸어요) 3,950"
:
2023. "1st (SBS) 금토드라마(스토
브리그) 3,921"
295. "October 1, 2019 Nationwide
:
27151847/http://www.nielsenkor
ea.co.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.asp?m
=00&begin_date=20191001)
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일연속극(여름
아부탁해) 3,897"
Cable Ratings" (http://nielsenkor
=00&begin_date=20240310) .
:
=00&begin_date=20240310) .
Nielsen Korea. "1st (KBS2) 주말드
라마(효심이네각자도생) 3,884"
297. "August 24, 2020 Nationwide
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일드라마(기막
:
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일드라마(기막
힌유산) 3,852"
298. "June 4, 2021 Nationwide Cable
00&begin_date=20210604) .
00&begin_date=20210604)
2023. "1st (SBS) 금요드라마
:
Cable Ratings" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20210304030441/h
ttp://nielsenkorea.co.kr/tv_terrest
rial_day.asp?menu=Tit_1&sub_m
enu=1_1&area=00&begin_date=
20190314) . Nielsen Korea.
nielsenkorea.co.kr/tv_terrestrial_
day.asp?menu=Tit_1&sub_menu
=1_1&area=00&begin_date=201
90314) on March 4, 2021.
"1st (KBS2) 수목드라마(왜그래풍상
씨) 3,692"
:
Cable Ratings" (https://www.niel
senkorea.co.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.
asp?menu=Tit_1&sub_menu=1_
1&area=00&begin_date=20220
101) . Nielsen Korea. Archived (h
0102012848/https://www.nielse
nkorea.co.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.as
2023. "2nd (MBC) 금토드라마(옷
소매붉은끝동) 3,668"
:
=00&begin_date=20210301)
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일드라마(누가
뭐래도) 3,599"
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 일일드라마(비
밀의남자) 3,502"
:
=00&begin_date=20180101)
2023. "1st (KBS2) 일일드라마(내
남자의비밀) 3,480"
:
=00&begin_date=20181101)
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일연속극(내일
도맑음) 3,478"
:
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일연속극(비켜
라운명아) 3,459"
00&begin_date=20230617) .
:
00&begin_date=20230617) .
"1st (SBS) 금토드라마(낭만닥터김
사부3) 3,423"
:
2024. Retrieved February 17,
2024. "1st (MBC) 금토드라마(밤에
피는꽃) 3,395"
308. "September 12, 2022
:
g/web/20230930123934/http://
www.nielsenkorea.co.kr/tv_terres
trial_day.asp?menu=Tit_1&sub_m
일일드라마(으라차차내인생) 3,382"
:
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일드라마(내눈
에콩깍지) 3,377"
:
=00&begin_date=20180227)
2023. "1st (KBS1) 일일연속극(미워
도사랑해) 3,330"
:
=00&begin_date=20190221)
2023. "1st (SBS) 드라마스페셜(황
후의품격THELASTEMPRESS)
3,282"
:
2023. "1st (KBS1) 저녁일일극(국가
대표와이프) 3,245"
:
2023. "2nd (SBS) 금토드라마(원더
우먼) 3,235"
00&begin_date=20210417) .
:
00&begin_date=20210417)
2023. "1st (SBS) 금토드라마(복수
대행써비스모범택시) 3,117"
:
2023. "3rd (MBC) 주말특별기획
(신과의약속) 3,112"
:
2023. "3rd (MBC) 주말드라마(밥
상차리는남자) 3,082"
:
2023. "2nd (KBS2) 일일드라마(우
아한모녀) 3,080"
318. "December 10, 2021 Nationwide
from the original on December
:
2023. "1st (KBS2) 일일드라마(빨
강구두) 3,074"
:
일일드라마(황금가면) 2,998"
00&begin_date=20210712) .
the original on July 15, 2021.
"1st (KBS1) 일일드라마(속아도꿈결)
2,951"
:
2,951"
2023. "2nd (SBS) 금토드라마(천원
짜리변호사) 2,933"
:
322. "May 15, 2019 Nationwide Cable
00&begin_date=20190515) .
00&begin_date=20190515)
2023. "1st (KBS2) 수목드라마(닥
터프리즈너) 2,832"
:
2023. "2nd (KBS2) 일일드라마(태
풍의신부) 2,820"
Ratings" (https://www.nielsenkor
:
=00&begin_date=20200516) .
54141/https://www.nielsenkorea.
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마(부
부의세계) 28.371%"
:
p?menu=Tit_1&sub_menu=2_1&
November 8, 2023. "1st (JTBC)
금토일드라마(재벌집막내아들)
26.948%"
:
00&begin_date=20190201)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마
(SKY캐슬) 23.779%"
:
6) from the original on April 23,
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(사랑
의불시착<본>) 21.683%"
328. "Reply 1988 Writes Cable
Television History" (https://web.a
7/http://stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/na
:
7/http://stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/na
ver_view.htm?idxno=201601170
8403073126) . Stoo Asaie.
stoo.asiae.co.kr/news/naver_vie
w.htm?idxno=20160117084030
73126) on June 22, 2018.
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 응답하라1988<
본> 18.803%"
:
=00&begin_date=20170121)
2023. "1st (tvN) 쓸쓸하고찬란하신
도깨비<본> 18.680%"
=00&begin_date=20230604) .
:
00&begin_date=20230604)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 토일드라마(닥
터차정숙) 18.546%"
332. "September 30, 2018
g/web/20200608174902/http://
:
November 8, 2023. "1st (tvN) 미
스터션샤인<본> 18.129%"
:
2023. "1st (ENA) 이상한변호사우
영우<본> 17.534%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(철인
왕후조선중전영혼가출스캔들<본>)
17.371%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 일타스캔들<본>
17.038%"
04) . Nielsen Korea. Archived (ht
0306180703/http://www.nielsen
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 슈룹<본>
16.852%"
808) . Nielsen Korea. Archived (
10810134134/https://www.niels
2023. "1st (TV CHOSUN) 주말미
:
니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡2)
16.582%"
:
금토드라마(이태원클라쓰)
16.548%"
6) from the original on February
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) 토일드라마(대
행사) 16.044%"
00&begin_date=20210502) .
00&begin_date=20210502)
from the original on May 24,
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(빈센
:
조<본>) 14.636%"
341. "June 12, 2022 Nationwide
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(우리
들의블루스<본>) 14.597%"
:
들의블루스<본>) 14.597%"
2023. "1st (tvN) 월화드라마(백일
의낭군님<본>) 14.412%"
343. "May 28, 2020 Nationwide
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 슬기로운의사생활
<본> 14.142%"
:
2<본> 14.080%"
:
30806224228/https://www.niel
토일드라마(킹더랜드) 13.789%"
:
29163431/https://www.nielsenko
=00&begin_date=20211017)
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(갯마
을차차차<본>) 12.665%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 시그널<본>
12.544%"
:
121) . Nielsen Korea. "1st (JTBC)
토일드라마(웰컴투삼달리)
12.399%"
349. "종영 '품위녀' 12.1%로 자체 최고 기
록..무서운 뒷심" (http://star.mt.co.
kr/stview.php?no=2017082009
440267165) . Star News (in
Korean). August 20, 2017.
g/web/20180622083951/http://
star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=201
7082009440267165) from the
:
=00&begin_date=20170819)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마(품
위있는그녀) 12.065%"
:
=00&begin_date=20230608) .
00&begin_date=20230608)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 수목드라마(나
쁜엄마) 12.032%"
:
=00&begin_date=20190901)
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(호텔
델루나<본>) 12.001%"
:
220) . Nielsen Korea. "1st (tvN)
내남편과결혼해줘<본> 11.951%"
:
2023. "2nd (TV CHOSUN) 주말
미니시리즈(빨간풍선) 11.566%"
=00&begin_date=20220403) .
00&begin_date=20220403)
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 스물다섯스물하나
<본> 11.513%"
2023. "1st (tvN) 응답하라1994
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 응답하라1994
11.509%"
2023. "1st (tvN) 수목드라마(슬기
:
로운감빵생활<본>) 11.195%"
November 8, 2023. "1st (tvN) 작
은아씨들<본> 11.105%"
:
은아씨들<본> 11.105%"
=00&begin_date=20210124)
2023. "2nd (OCN) 경이로운소문<
본> 10.999%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 월화드라마(왕이
된남자<본>) 10.851%"
361. Kim, Tong-hyung (February 25,
2013). "Childless Comfort looks
:
2013). "Childless Comfort looks
like TV game-changer" (http://w
ww.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/
culture/2013/02/135_131114.ht
ml) . The Korea Times. Archived
130227081304/http://www.kore
atimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/
2013/02/135_131114.html) from
the original on February 27,
2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) JTBC특별기획
드라마(무자식상팔자) 10.715%"
:
=00&begin_date=20211024)
2023. "1st (tvN) 특별기획지리산<
본> 10.663%"
00&begin_date=20210627) .
:
00&begin_date=20210627)
2023. "1st (tvN) 마인<본>
10.512%"
토일드라마(힘쎈여자강남순)
10.420%"
:
10.420%"
=00&begin_date=20220501) .
the original on May 31, 2022.
"1st (TV CHOSUN) 주말미니시리
즈(결혼작사이혼작곡3) 10.395%"
:
2023. "1st (채널A) 채널A특별기획
월화드라마(쇼윈도여왕의집)
10.335%"
:
10.335%"
2023. "1st (tvN) 수목드라마(남자
친구<본>) 10.329%"
369. "April 26, 2022 Nationwide
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 군검사도베르만<
본> 10.081%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(알함
브라궁전의추억<본>) 10.025%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 월화드라마(또오
해영<본>) 9.991%"
:
00&begin_date=20210704) .
54158/http://www.nielsenkorea.c
o.kr/tv_terrestrial_day.asp?menu
2023. "1st (MBN) 종편특별기획드
라마(보쌈운명을훔치다) 9.759%"
:
=00&begin_date=20190319)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 월화드라마(눈
이부시게) 9.731%"
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마(힘
쎈여자도봉순) 9.668%"
:
November 8, 2023. "1st (TV
CHOSUN) 주말미니시리즈(결혼작
사이혼작곡) 9.656%"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(환혼
빛과그림자<본>) 9.651%"
:
00&begin_date=20190201)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마
(SKY캐슬) 6,508"
:
6) from the original on April 23,
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(사랑
의불시착<본>) 6,337"
:
금토일드라마(재벌집막내아들)
6,277"
=00&begin_date=20200516) .
:
54141/https://www.nielsenkorea.
2023. "1st (JTBC) 금토드라마(부
부의세계) 6,248"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(철인
왕후조선중전영혼가출스캔들<본>)
4,749"
382. "September 30, 2018
g/web/20200608174902/http://
:
g/web/20200608174902/http://
November 8, 2023. "1st (tvN) 미
스터션샤인<본> 4,631"
:
2023. "1st (ENA) 이상한변호사우
영우<본> 4,449"
:
금토드라마(이태원클라쓰) 4,425"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 일타스캔들<본>
4,329"
:
토일드라마(닥터차정숙) 4,088"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 슈룹<본> 4,049"
:
2<본> 3,853"
00&begin_date=20210502) .
00&begin_date=20210502)
from the original on May 24,
:
조<본>) 3,841"
2023. "1st (JTBC) 토일드라마(대
행사) 3,685"
:
행사) 3,685"
=00&begin_date=20190901)
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(호텔
델루나<본>) 3,674"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 슬기로운 의사생활
<본> 3,579"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(우리
들의블루스<본>) 3,419"
:
30806224228/https://www.niel
토일드라마(킹더랜드) 3,404"
:
니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡2)
3,344"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 월화드라마(백일
의낭군님<본>) 3,264"
:
=00&begin_date=20210124)
2023. "2nd (OCN) 경이로운소문<
본> 3,257"
:
29163431/https://www.nielsenko
=00&begin_date=20211017)
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(갯마
을차차차<본>) 3,237"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 수목드라마(슬기
로운감빵생활<본>) 3,063"
=00&begin_date=20220403) .
:
00&begin_date=20220403)
2023. "1st (tvN) 스물다섯스물하나
<본> 3,047"
토일드라마(웰컴투삼달리) 2,965"
:
토일드라마(웰컴투삼달리) 2,965"
220) . Nielsen Korea. "1st (tvN)
내남편과결혼해줘<본> 2,938"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(알함
브라궁전의추억<본>) 2,853"
=00&begin_date=20230608) .
:
00&begin_date=20230608)
2023. "1st (JTBC) 수목드라마(나
쁜엄마) 2,669"
토일드라마(힘쎈여자강남순) 2,652"
:
November 8, 2023. "1st (tvN) 작
은아씨들<본> 2,618"
:
=00&begin_date=20211024)
2023. "1st (tvN) 특별기획지리산<
본> 2,586"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 수목드라마(남자
친구<본>) 2,473"
:
2023. "2nd (TV CHOSUN) 주말
미니시리즈(빨간풍선) 2,457"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 월화드라마(왕이
된남자<본>) 2,447"
00&begin_date=20210627) .
:
00&begin_date=20210627)
2023. "1st (tvN) 마인<본> 2,429"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(환혼<
본>) 2,410"
00&begin_date=20180711) .
:
00&begin_date=20180711)
2023. "1st (tvN) 수목드라마(김비
서가왜그럴까<본>) 2,383"
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) 토일드라마(힙
하게) 2,328"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 군검사도베르만<
본> 2,279"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(환혼
빛과그림자<본>) 2,267"
=00&begin_date=20190319)
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) 월화드라마(눈
이부시게) 2,223"
00&begin_date=20230611) .
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(구미
호뎐1938<본>) 2,216"
:
월화드라마(쇼윈도여왕의집) 2,195"
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(비밀
:
의숲2<본>) 2,186"
00&begin_date=20190609) .
0&begin_date=20190609)
2023. "1st (tvN) 아스달연대기<본
> 2,120"
:
> 2,120"
2023. "1st (tvN) 화유기<본>
2,115"
:
00&begin_date=20180701) .
00&begin_date=20180701)
"1st (tvN) 무법변호사<본> 2,115"
:
3) . Nielsen Korea. "1st (tvN) 무인
도의디바<본> 2,097"
=00&begin_date=20230409) .
00&begin_date=20230409)
:
2023. "1st (JTBC) 토일드라마(신
성한이혼) 2,073"
:
2023. "1st (tvN) 토일드라마(사이
코지만괜찮아2부<본>) 2,065"
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Korean Drama - Wikipedia

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Korean Drama - Wikipedia

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Korean drama (Korean: 한국 드라마; RR: Han-guk deurama), also known

Beginning around the 1970s, more and more households in South

The success of Korean dramas has had a significant economic impact

Plots and storylines

The main themes of Korean television dramas are friendship, family

However, it is an emerging trend amongst Korean dramas to showcase

Since the mid-2000s, some sageuk dramas have achieved major

Television broadcasting began in 1956 with the launch of an

In the 1970s, television sets started to spread among the general

Chae Shi-ra, the Actress Lee Young-ae

The 1980s saw a change in Korean television, as color TV became

The 1990s brought another important milestone for Korean television.

It started to take over the popularity of conventional dramas among 10s

In the 2020s, several production companies began to produce dramas

Often, production companies overrun their budgets and cannot pay

As producing a series involves high expenses, production companies

Production teams originally sent two tapes to the channels; a primary

In 2016, dramas such as Descendants of the Sun, Uncontrollably Fond,

The larger broadcasting companies have their own dedicated shooting

In April 2023, it was announced Netflix would invest $2.5 billion in K-

Actors and actresses

In the 2000s, it became customary to cast popular K-pop idols in

There were also instances of children taking up careers as child actors

Scriptwriters and directors

Acknowledged TV directors include Lee Byung-hoon, who directed Hur

While scriptwriters are mostly women, directors are usually men.[81]

Music plays an important role in Korean dramas. Original soundtracks,

During the 2000s, it became customary for lead actors to participate in

Although the songs in Korean dramas may be a few or repetitive, their

: programs that may be

The acting of women in K-dramas appeals to women universally,

Princess Hours teddy bear

According to a researcher at the University of Vienna, popularity of

Exports of Korean series yielded US$37.5 million in 2003, which was

A driving force behind the rising popularity is the intense involvement

The global community of non-Korean-speaking fans, on the other

In Singapore, Prime 12 (now known as Suria) originally aired the Korean

Middle East and North Africa

MBC4 (Middle East Broadcasting Channel) played a major role in

In November 2008, Netflix[201] began offering several Korean dramas

Singapore-based Viki streams popular Korean dramas across the world

Additionally, Korean dramas are available at online DVD retailers. Some

KBFD-DT in Honolulu, Hawaii broadcasts a majority of Korean dramas

KTSF, a channel aimed at the Asian American community in San

Ratings and viewership

In 2010, TNS Media Korea was renamed to TNmS (Total National

Top 50 series per nationwide household rating

April 26, [224]

April 20, [225]

May 31, [227]

June 27, [229]

A Sunny Place of November [230]

Taejo Wang February [231]

March 23, [231]

August 15, [235]

Blowing of the March 29,

Legend of October [226]

Ladies of the July 22, [231]

Tears of the May 31, [231]

March 17, [249]

My Lovely Sam July 21, [253]

How is Your October [note 1]