SKILL BUILDING

LITERARY DEVICES

• What did you notice to

the lyrics of the song?
SKILL BUILDING
LITERARY DEVICES

You try to scream, but terror

takes the sound before you
make it. You start to freeze
as horror looks you right
between the eyes
SKILL BUILDING
LITERARY DEVICES

• What is Personification?
the attribution of a personal nature or
human characteristics to
something nonhuman, or the
representation of an abstract quality in
human form.
SKILL BUILDING
LITERARY DEVICES
Death, in approaching him
and had stalked with his
black shadow him, and
enveloped the victim
WHERE
IN
ASIA?
What to do:
• T here will be different sets of
pictu res that will be flashed on the
screen.
• name the cou ntry based on the
pictu res prov ided.
• the first person to raise his or her
hand after the “go” signal will get
the chance to answer.
ARE YOU
READY?
CHINA
JAPAN
SOUTH KOREA
INDIA
PHILIPPINES
 ASIAN
LITERATURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand the nature of Asian Literature.

Identify representative texts and authors from

Asia.

Deepen their understanding and evaluation of

literary texts.

Appreciate the cultural and aesthetic diversity of

4 Asian Literature and the world.
 WHAT IS AS IA
• Known as the largest continent in the world and to

?
be the most populous continent in the planet.

• It is the cradle of the human race, world

religions and civilization
 WHAT IS AS IA
•is composed of a widespread
variety of ethnic groups, diverse
cultures, ?
environments,
economics, historical linkages and
varied governmental systems
making it rich in written literature.
 WHAT IS AS IA
•is known to be a philosophical
and contemplative art,
pondering on major matters in
life such as origins and?death:
where we come and where we
go, and how we should live in
between.
Language
• Asia is home to many diverse
languages

• Most Asian countries have more than

one native language
-600 languages are spoken in Indonesia
- 1,683 native languages are spoken in
India
 Religion
• Buddhism
• Hinduism
• Sikhism
• Confucianism
• Taoism
• Shinto
• Islam
• Christianity
• Judism
• Tribal Religions
 ASIA IS
DIVIDE 5
D INTO REGION South-East Asia

S:
Eastern Asia
Central Asia

Western Asia Southern Asia

DO YOU KNOW?
 JAPAN
JAPAN
• With the introdu ction of Kanji (
C hinese C haracters) from the Asian
mainlad,writing became possible in
Japan.
• L ater, the characters were adapted
to write Japanese,creating what is
known as the man ‘yōgana, the
earlkist form of kana,or syllabic
writing
 JAPAN
JAPANese writing
Kanji Kana
• Ideographs • A pair of syllabaries
from Hiragana
C hinese Used for Japanese Words
C haracters

Katakana
Used for foreign loanwords
 JAPAN
JAPAN
• Japan has been recogniz ed as “The land of the rarising
sun”. The actual name of Japan in Japanese is “Nihon”
which means S u n.

• Japanese literatu re ex amines works of literatu re su ch

as stories, nov els, poetry, and plays to research the
workings of the hu man condition in Japan.

• O ne of famou s japanese lietratu re in Japan is “the T ale

of Genji” by L ady M u rasaki S hibiku .
HAIKU
Haiku is one of the most important
form of traditional Japanese P oetry.

M any themes inclu de

natu re,feelings ,or ex periences
Some Elements of Haiku JAPAN
S imple,direct,non-metaphorical
langu age
Captures a transitory insight or
moment in time ( called “satori”
or the “aha moment”
C ontains a Kigo,an image of natu re
that ev okes a particu lar seasons.
Cutting( punctuation marks)-,…,or word
Some Elements of Haiku JAPAN
1 ndline-5 syllables
st
2 rd line-7 syllables
3 line- 5 syllables
 S u mmary of the T ale of G enji:
The Tale of Genji offers an engrossing creation to the nobility’s lifestyle in early
HeIan Japan, which inclu de its sorts of entertainment, dress, each day dwelling,
and moral code. T he tale of G enji ex amines the div erse topics of affection,
friendship, filial loyalty, and familial relationships, in addition to lov e, lu st, and
the interaction of peoploe of opposite sex es.

O ne of the known au thors in Japan is

L ady M u rasaki S hibiku
9 7 8 -1 0 1 4
S ome of her works:
• T he tale of G enji
• T he D iary of L ady M u rasaki
• P oetic M emoirs, a collection of 1 2 8
poems
 CHIN
• Chinese literature has a very ancient
beginnings and is one of the world’s main

A
literary heritages, dating back at least 14th
century BCE. which documented the dreams
and visions of the world’s population.

• Chinese literature includes the

body of texts that were written in
Chinese, which are the lyric
poetry, historical and didactic
writing, drama, and many types of
fiction.
 CHIN
•Qin dynasty standardized
A
the writen classical language
in which it is said that a
minister of the Qin emperor
named Li Si introduced a
writing system that later
developed into modern
chinese writing.
 O ne of the famou s literary work in C hina:
R ed chamber written by: C ao X u eq in

S UM M AR Y :

Red Chamber was set during the ching dynasty in 18th

century of China. The novel shows how love and basic
humanity failed due to the society’s patriarchal feudal
system
The importance of the novel of red chamber is that , we
were able to know the fillest immersion of hope for into
late imperial china, the best way to access the minds,
hearts and habits of that oeriod, complete in evrything
from cosmology to cosmetics.
S ome of his other works:

-A dream of red mansions

-the golden days
the story of the stone
•The origins of Korean literature
can be traced to an old stone
age art form that combine
dance, music, and literature.
Originating in festival activities,
this art form served the political
function of unifying society, the
religious function of identifying
and describing a supernatural
power capable of averting
calamity on earth.
•Early Korean lliterature was
heavily influenced by
shamanism, buddhism, and
confucianism. The body of
works written by Koreans, at
first in Classical Chinese, later
in various transcription systems
using chinese characters, and
finally in Hangul, their national
alphabet.
2 PARTS of KOREAN LITERATURE
- Classical Literature
- Modern Literature
 2 PARTS of KOREAN LITERATURE
- Classical Literature th
endured until the 20 Century
colonization of Korea by
Japan
- Modern Literature
began at about the
beginning of the 20 Century
th
CLASSICAL LITERATURE
Classic Korean literature lies in the folktales
and songs sung on the Penninsula, as well as
local legends. In regards to fiction, it’s
classified as Korean fiction written under
Chinese (as Koreans used a more Chinese-
based system originally and hanja) and
literature that has been written in what has
become modern-day Korean language.
 CLASSICAL LITERATURE
The first compilation of Korean
literature in the Korean language
was Yongbi eocheonga, which was
made during the early Joseon era.
As King Se-jeong, the creator of
hangul, or the modern Korean
script, developed the system, this
book was written.
MODERN LITERATURE
is known to have developed with the
fall of the Joseon era. Writers
originally tried to write happy tales to
shift their minds to something other
than their misery under Japanese rule,
but, by the 1920s, became more
pessimistic in their suffering and thus
their topic and subjects shifted
 INDIA
• The earliest Indian literature took the form of the canonical Hindu sacred writings,
known as the Vedas, which were written in S anskrit.
• Literature is influenced by their religious doctrine Karma by which the chain of
good and bad action and their inevitable consequences.

G eneral F acts abou t India:

• Second largest English speaking country in the
world
• One of the world’s oldest and richest
• -Oral traditions- storytellers present indian
text

V edas
• is composed in Old Sanskrit by Aryan
poets.
• constitute the fundamental scripture of
the Hindu religion and used as sacramental
rites of Hinduism.
C ompilation of two major literary forms:
• hymns of praise to nature deities.
• ritual chants to accomny Aryan religious
rituals.
T HE F O UR V E D AS
• R ig V eda- anthology of 1080
hymns to various Gods ex.
“Creation Hymn”
• S ama-V eda - “book of chants”
consists of liturgies
• Y aju r-V eda- “Prayer Book”
which consists of liturgies and
repetition of Rig-Veda but
contains many original prose
formulas
• Atharv a-V eda- “Book of Spells”
which contains some hymns,
spells, incantations, and
notions about demonology and
witchcraft
B rahmanas- prose text that discuss the solemn sacrificial rituals as well as the
commitment on their meaning, composed by Hindu Priest.
Aranyakas:
• wilderness texts” or “forest treaties”, composed by people who meditated in the
woods.
• discussion and interpretation of the dangerous rituals.
UP AN IS HAD S :
• Composed by a group of sages who questioned the usefulness of ritual religion.
• consist of 108 dialogues between teachers and their students about the individual
soul’s unity.
• India’s oldest philosophical treaties and form the foundation of major schools of
hindu society.

S ome of the famou s literary works
in India:
T IP IT AKA- “The three baskets”
• major religious text of buddhism
• written in the Pali language
• includes the teachings of Buddha
JAT AKAS -”STORIES OF THE BIRTHS
OF THE BUDDHA”
• tells 547 stories of Buddha’s
former births
Heroic T ex t:
M ahabharata- the great epic of the Bharata
Dynasty
• written by the poet Vyasal
• A tale of dispute between two branches
of the Bharata clans over the irght to
rule the kingdom
R amayana- The way of rama
• written by the poet Valkimi
• tells the story of the hero Rama, Prince
of Ayodhya and incarnation of the God
Vishnu.
 PHILIPPINES
• P hilippine L iteratu re is a literature associated with the Philippines from
prehistory through its colonial legacies, and on to the present.

• Pre-Hispamic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from

generation to generation, originally through oral tradition.

• Philippine Literature withstoodtime and periods and has evolved through

generations wherein every period that passed, different genres appeared,
and these literary works rooted from all regions reflecting its culture,
society, and lifestyle.
 PHILIPPINES
F AM O US L IT E R AR Y WO R K IN T HE P HIL IP P IN E S :
Noli M e T angere

Noli Me Tangere is written by Jose Rizal. It talks about

how the Philippines suffered because of spaniards. The
book, written in Spanish, is a sweeping and passionate
unmasking of the brutality and corruption of spanish rule
in the Philippines (1565-1898)
 VIETNAM
History of Vietnam’s literatu re:
• Vietnamese literature is closely linked to the country’s ongoing political struggles such as
every writer should be a soldier for the communist cause as declared by the North
Vietnam’s former President Ho Chi Minh thate.

• Most of its literature can be described to have themes of Romantic, Socialist-realist, and
a more scholarly type that seeks to keep Vietnam’s ancient cultural heritage alive.

• Part of Vietnam’s literature are works of writers in exile in France or the United States

• in 1932, a movement called the new poetry was born, incorporating desirable aspects of
foreign influence, this time French Romaticism, The New Poetry expressed more personal
emotion and subjectivity.
 VIETNAM

• Chinese influence on the written literature of Vietnam is

early as old as its conquest of the country in the 2nd
century B.C. For nearly 2,000 years after that, most
Vietnamese writing was in chinese ideograms. In other
words, to express themselves in writing, the vietnamese
writing was in chinese ideograms and had to use a writing
system that represented their idea but not their speech.
O ne of the known literary works in V ietnam:

T HE T AL E O F KIE U
the tale of Lady Kieu is considered a masterpiece of
Vietnamese literature. It is a lengthy poem about a woman
of talent and beauty, which is enhanced by aspects of
Chinese tradition and spiritual beliefs.
 Indonesia
• Indonesian literature is marked by “Generations” (angkat writers
who, in response to political pressures presented
counterarguments to colonial domination and challenges to
national identity.
• Some of the styles of these generations are characterized by
experimentation with Romaticism, Realism, and
Socialism/Communism
 Indonesia
• The Indonesian National Motto is itself an expression of
mythological, mystical, and practical dimensions:
bhineeka tunggal ikaw-” the many are one” or “unity in
diveristy.”
• This motto, expresed in old Javanese, which is a quote
taken from a kakawin, is a form of poetry based on
Sanskrit kayva.
• Kekawin is a type of poetry that borrows most of its subject
matter from Hindu resources.

• Indian influence is clear in Old Javanese, and many Sanskrit-

inspired works appeared in this language from the latter part
of the 1st century.
 • Pujangga Baru- a literary generation that emerged in 1993
under Sultan Takdir Alishajahbana and Armin Pane.
-this generation is based itself on the spirit of nationalism and
formation of new culture in romantic style.
MALAYSIA
• Malaysia’s literature is infused with folk tales, Indian, Javanese, and
Muslim influence and borrows most of its subject matter from Hindu
sources.

• Contemporary Malaysian literature however revolves on themes that

serves as a response to political pressures, resitance to colonial
domination and the search for national identity.

• Some of Malaysia’s literatures:

-Hikayat- grand stories that contain elements of chronicles, romance,
and epic heroism.
-Syair and Pantun- a four-line poetic verses of a proverbial nature,
often used in courtship.
 • One of the earliest works in malay, dating
from the 14th century.
• explains how the protagonist in the story
meets Muhammad in a dream and the
knowledge of Islam is magically transmitted
to him via an exchange of Saliva

SCAN HERE

• is a literary work with both literary and historical significance

• the aim of the work is to laud the greatness of the sultans of
Malacca and highlight the importance of this major trading
crossroads.
• this work also includes valuable information on matters of
foreign relations as well as works of literature that were read to
the Malay warriors before they went into battle, and suffered
defeat at the hands of the Portugese, in 1511.
SOME OF THE
CANONICAL
AUTHORS
IN
ASIA
 PT 1
FINALIZING
HARUKI MURAKAMI

• Is a popular contemporary Japanese

writer and translator.
• His works are heavily influences by
Western culture, particularly music
and literature. He grew up reading a
range of works by Amercan writers
and he is ditinguished from other
Japanese writers by his Western
influences.
 Some of his
notable literary
works:

• With the beatles

• A S hinigawa M onkey
• S amsa in L ov e
• U.F .O in Ku shiro
• M y C heesecake -shaped pov erty
• T he kingdom that failed
• T he wind cav e
• B ecoming Japanese
 SUN TZU
• also known as Sunziis one of the first known
treatise on warfare strategy in history.
• He is also known as a legendary strategist
who revolutionized war and for being the
writer of the famously known book “The Art
of War” which is an ancient and world-
renowned Chinese military strategy book.
• He is known for his great influence on
Chinese History and culture.
• His beliefs are known through his writing
and told through legend.
 Some of his
notable literary
works:

• The Art of War

• War at Work
• Sztuka Wojny
 JHUMPA
LAHIRI
• Nilanjana Sudeshna lahiri, otherwise
known as Jhumpa Lahiri, first came to
prominence with her award winning
1999 debut.
• Is a pulitzer Prize-winning author
known for works of fiction .
• is a bilingual writer and translator
 Some of her
notable literary
works:

• Interpreter of Maladies
• The Namesake
• Unaccustomed Earth
• The Lowland
• Dove mi Trovo
GOD BLESS
YOU!