CHEMISTRY 101 LESSON

BIOLOGICAL
COORDINATION
COMPOUNDS
LET'S LEARN

By, Zaiba, Suganya, Swathi, Sarvani, Rashmi

 STRUCTURAL FEATURES

Protoporphyrin Ferrichromes
 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
Animal hard structures, primarily
composed of calcium salts, contrast with
the flexible cuticles of insects and the
woody stems of certain plants.
Electrolytic connections within and between cells,
such as nerve messages, heavily rely on
concentration gradients of sodium, potassium,
calcium, and chloride ions.
Phosphate transfer, crucial in bioenergetics, is
almost always associated with magnesium
reactions in enzymes.
Mechanical changes in cells are often initiated by
fluctuations in calcium concentrations.
External triggers in digestion, blood-clotting,
fertilization, muscle contraction, and cell-surface
interactions hinge largely on changes in calcium
concentrations.
Light capture in photosynthesis is contingent on
chlorophyll, a pigment containing magnesium.
Electron transfer in energy transduction depends
significantly on iron proteins.
The capture of combined nitrogen from nitrate or
dinitrogen primarily relies on a molybdenum-
containing catalyst center, with some involvement
of vanadium, and essential iron atoms.
INTRODUCTION
Biological coordination compounds, essential for
living organisms, involve metal ions like iron or zinc
coordinated with proteins or enzymes. These
compounds are crucial for structural stability and
diverse functions, such as facilitating enzymatic
reactions or aiding in electron transfer.
Understanding their chemistry is vital for deciphering
cellular processes and advancing bioinorganic
chemistry.
 VITAMIN B12
Also known as Cobalamine. This compound
contains Cobalt in a Tetrapyrrole ring.

Vitamin B12 is a crucial water-soluble vitamin

essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell
formation, and neurological function. Found in
animal products, its deficiency can lead to
anemia and neurological disorders.
Supplementation is recommended for those
with dietary restrictions to maintain overall
health.
FUNCTIONS OF
VITAMIN B12
Historical Cure Discovery

01 Liver extracts proved

curative for previously fatal anemia
with neurological deterioration in 1926.

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors

02 Liver and body-produced intrinsic

factor, identified as vitamin B12, are
essential for combating anemia.

Chemical Structure

03 Vitamin B12 features cobalt in a six-

coordinated state with a tetrapyrrole
ring and benzimidazole nitrogen.
 Supplementation Forms

04 Hydroxycobalamin or cyanocobalamin
are common crystalline B12 forms for
supplementation.

Dietary Occurrence

05 B12 is naturally bound to proteins in

methyl or 5'-deoxyadenosyl forms in
foods.

Utilization Process

06 Stomach acid hydrolysis or intestinal

trypsin digestion releases B12 from
proteins.

Intrinsic Factor Interaction

07 B12 must combine with stomach-

secreted intrinsic factor for absorption
in the ileum.
 Symptoms of Deficiency

08 Human B12 deficiency manifests as

hematopoietic and neurological issues.

Role of Methyl Derivative

09 Methyl B_{12} is crucial for

homocysteine to methionine
conversion.

Neurological Consequences

10 B12 deficiency leads to progressive

demyelination of nervous tissue.

Speculation on Mechanisms

11 Limited B_{12} involvement in specific

reactions sparks speculation on cause-
and-effect mechanisms, suggesting
neurological deterioration due to
demyelination.
Hemoglobins Imparts red
colour of blood

Helps carry
oxygen for
respiration

Buffers blood pH
and maintains it
tolerable limits

Genetic
resistance to
Malaria
THANK YOU!
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