UNIVERSITY: CLARKE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY.

INSTITUTE: ALLEID HEALTH SCIENCE:

NAME: FARTUN AHMED OSMAN

COURSE: BMLS.

COURSE UNITE : MEDICAL SOCAILOGY.

Q.1; How is the concept of “Self” and “other” used in medical practice?

.ANS : The concept of self is used in medical practice in a variety of ways. Here are a few examples:

1. Self-awareness: Healthcare professionals are trained to develop self-awareness, which involves

understanding their own emotions, biases, and limitations. This is important in providing
effective patient care and avoiding burnout.

2. Self-management: Patients with chronic conditions are often taught self-management skills to
help them control their symptoms and improve their quality of life. This might involve self-
monitoring, self-care, and lifestyle changes.

3. Self-efficacy: Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to achieve a particular goal or
outcome. In medical practice, it can be used to motivate patients to make healthy choices and
adhere to treatment plans.

4. Self-reporting: Patients are often asked to provide self-reports of their symptoms or

experiences, which can be used to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions.

5. Self-care: Healthcare professionals may also encourage patients to engage in self-care practices,
such as exercise, healthy eating, and stress management, to improve their overall health and
well-being.

In conclusion the concept of self is an important aspect of medical practice, as it informs how patients
and healthcare professional approach and manage health and illness.

How is the concept of “others” used in medical practice?

ANS .The term is used in medical practice in various ways depending on the context. examples:
"others"

1. In medical charts and reports: "Others" may be used to refer to additional individuals involved in
a patient's care or to any additional medical conditions or symptoms that are not included in the
primary diagnosis. For example, in a patient's medical chart, a doctor might write "The patient
has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses" to indicate that there are
additional conditions that are not specifically mentioned.

2. In research studies: "Others" may be used to refer to individuals who are not included in a
specific group or category. For example, in a study comparing the effectiveness of two
 medications, the "others" group might include individuals who are not taking either medication,
or who are taking a different medication altogether.

3. In patient communication: "Others" may be used to refer to family members or other individuals
who are involved in a patient's care. For example, a doctor might say "Let's bring in the patient's
spouse and others to discuss their treatment plan and answer any questions they may have."

It's important to note that the use of the term "others" can sometimes be vague or ambiguous, so it's
important to provide as much detail and context as possible in medical practice to avoid confusion and
ensure that everyone involved in a patient's care is on the same page.

Q;1;b: What challenges does the use of the above two concept in [a] above pose in the health
institutions?

ANS The use of self and other in health institutions can present a range of challenges, including:
1. Boundaries: Healthcare professionals are expected to maintain professional boundaries with
their patients, which can make it challenging to establish personal relationships that involve the
use of self. The use of other can also be challenging when healthcare professionals work with
patients from diverse backgrounds and cultures.

2. Communication: Effective communication is crucial in healthcare, and the use of self and other
can impact communication. For instance, healthcare professionals may need to adjust their
communication style and language when interacting with patients from different cultural
backgrounds or when working with patients who have communication difficulties.

3. Power dynamics: Power dynamics can influence the use of self and other in healthcare. For
example, healthcare professionals may feel pressure to assert their authority and maintain a
sense of distance and objectivity, while patients may feel vulnerable and dependent on
healthcare professionals.

4. Ethics and boundaries: Healthcare professionals are expected to maintain professional

boundaries and ethical standards, which can conflict with the use of self and other. For instance,
the use of self can be seen as a breach of professional boundaries, and the use of other can raise
questions about impartiality and objectivity.

5. Cultural competence: Cultural competence is essential in healthcare, and the use of self and
other can impact cultural competence. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of their own
cultural biases and how they may impact patient care. They also need to be sensitive to the
cultural backgrounds of their patients and how they may influence communication and patient
care.

In conclusion the use of self and other in healthcare institutions requires sensitivity, awareness, and
cultural competence to navigate the complex challenges and ensure that patients receive the best
possible care.