Manual de Instalacion Ceragon

7/17/2017
Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course

Ceragon Training Services
[Ceragon Certified Rollout Professional]
Proprietary and Confidential 2017
Terms and Conditions

• All training are performed in English, therefore all training materials are in English.
• Ceragon is supporting greener environment, hence we provide our training
materials in softcopy format (PDF only).
• Training can be either performed at Ceragon’s premises, or at Customer premises,
additional cost applies for the latter.
• Certificate is provided upon passing the certification test successfully.
• Recommended maximum number of participant is 8, if higher number of
participants are present, Ceragon reserves the right not to re-do a training upon
bad satisfaction score.
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Agenda of this course

1. What is Installation Course 2. Hoisting antennas
3. Tower Installation
2. General Safety Guidelines 4. Alignment of Antennas
3. Installation Types: 7. Towers, Earthing and Grounding Procedures

1. All outdoor installations
2. All indoor installation 8. Cables, Connectors and Waveguides
3. Split Mount installation
9. Installation of Cables and Waveguides
4. Transport and Receiving of goods
1. Transportation & Storage 10. System Configurations:
2. Bill of Materials 1. First Login on Ceragon Network Elements
2. Link Parameters
5. Installation Documents:
1. Pre-installation: Technical Site Survey 11. Configurations:
2. Site Ready For Installation 1. All outdoor
3. Link Budget 2. Split Mount
4. IP plan
5. Audit and Quality Assurance 12. FibeAir IP-20C Product Overview
6. Acceptance Procedure document
13. IP-20C Installation Guide
6. Antennas:
1. Assembly of antennas 14. Commissioning & Acceptance Procedures
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
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General Safety Guidelines

Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course
Agenda
• General Rules for Safety
• Personal Protective Gear
• Working at heights guidelines
• Selecting the right equipment
• Rules and considerations for working at heights
• Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
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General Rules for your Safety

BE SURE TO:
• Know your Job and do it Safely! (Never conduct work, unless trained)
• Know the hazards and how to protect yourself. If you aren’t sure or have questions, ask your
supervisor!
• Report all near misses, incidents, injuries and illnesses immediately! Safety is everyone’s job!
• Always work clear of suspended loads!
• Keep your mind and eyes on the task at hand!
• Know the emergency action plan for your jobsite. Know where to go in case of issues.
• Obey all warning signs and barricades!
• Inspect all equipment, scaffolds, ladders, lifts, etc. before using. Anything found defective
should be removed from service immediately.
• Report any unsafe tools, equipment or hazardous conditions to your supervisor.
General Rules for your Safety

BE SURE TO:
• Maintain good housekeeping in your work area
• Exercise proper lifting & hoisting techniques.
• Operate vehicles safely and obey local driving rules.
• Do not work in unsafe conditions. Stop work if you feel unsafe!
• Only authorized personnel shall install/replace Ceragon equipment.
• Don’t use ladders as scaffolds and never climb so high that it is impossible to hold the top step
for support.
• Observe other safety rules and regulations!
• If you see someone doing something unsafe or at risk say something to that employee and your
supervisor!
• Only lift appropriate weights!
• Keeping a positive attitude will make things go better and safer!
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Personal Protective Equipment - PPI

BE SURE TO:
• Wear the required personal protective equipment necessary for
the job:
• Wear helmet at all times!
• Wear harness at all times when working at heights!
• Proper shoes!
• Proper weights carrying!

• Always connect harness to lifeline!
Working at Heights
Working at Heights: work above, below ground level

- there is risk of personal injury through falling
- risk to people below from objects falling.
Working at heights:
• working on a ladder or a flat roof;
• could fall through a fragile surface;
• could fall into an opening / a hole in the ground.
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Working at Heights guidelines

• First, take into account the weather conditions!
• Check the worksite is safe, every time.
• Take steps to stop materials or equipment from falling or sliding.
• Store equipment and accessories safely
• Plan for emergencies and rescue or know the established plan.
• Prevent entrance of unauthorized personnel
Selecting right equipment

Take account of factors such as:
• Working conditions (e.g.. weather), frequency and duration of the work,
safety risks on site.
• Consult Work at height Access equipment Information Toolkit (WAIT)
• Inspect tools used
• Fall protection to be used when a worker is within 3m of a roof unprotected
edge or open hole
• Fall protection must always be used when: no hand rails, guards or other fall
protection devices
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Rules and considerations

Before working at heights:
• where work at height cannot be avoided / is needed, prevent falls using the right
type of equipment
• minimize the distance and consequences of a fall, by using protection equipment
where the risk cannot be eliminated
You should:
• do as much as possible from the ground, cables, connectors, cutting, fitting.
• ensure you can get safely to and from site

• ensure equipment is suitable, stable and strong enough for the job, maintained
and checked regularly
• Do not overload or overreach when at height
• provide protection from falling objects
Safety Definitions When Working in a Cell Site

Technician should be aware of these definitions when working on a cell site tower
or any other elevated location:
• A cell site is a location: telecom tower being erected, Optical Fiber Cables are
being laid, antennas and other equipment are being installed on towers for a
cellular network.
• For a cell site, working at heights:
• probability for serious injury or damage from falling persons or objects, includes work
on towers, monopoles, rooftops, scaffolds, ladders etc.
• within two meters of an unprotected edge,
• a person can sustain a fall from a height of two meters or more.
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Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site

Clothing:
• No loose clothes should be worn.
• Proper safety shoes should be worn, use gumboots for sites access, boots for working at heights.
• Ensure that safety equipment(PPE) is worn during working hours.
Heights:
• Only trained personnel should work at heights.
• Always maintain at least 3 points of contact while climbing or working on a ladder, to reduce the risk of falling.
• Use full body safety harness and helmet while working on heights / towers.
• Make sure that hook safety harness and lanyards are properly secured at a safe place before starting the work.
• Take extra precautions when climbing after rain or fog.
• Climb the tower with proper, leather shoes. Do not use sandals.
• A 1st Aid kit should be made available on site

<90°
• No loose nuts, bolts & tools on the tower platform after finishing.
• Check that platform railing is secure before holding or standing next to the railing.
• Lifting a load - angle between straps is less than 90°where they are attached to the lifting device.
• Don’t walk or stand under the load.
• Any loose bracing of the tower MUST be fixed immediately.
• Make sure the ladder is long enough.
• Check and ensure tower Earthing.
• Visually check the tower for any insects/birds’ nests etc
• Test the safety harness with whole weight of your body
• No climbing during bad weather
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• DO NOT carry any tools in your hands. Use backpack and bags
• DO NOT leave equipment on parapets
• Always obtain any permits that may be required
• Ensure that safe distances are maintained away from antennas.
• Any medical condition / implants worn, should be reported to the appropriate manager before engaging in any
work at height.
• EMF sign should be clearly visible and identifiable and may contain the following text:
• Danger! RF Radiation! Do not touch tower ! Access to Authorized Personnel Only.
• Warning! Non-ionizing Radiation! Beyond this point RF fields exist that exceed the rules for human exposure.
Authorized Personnel Only.
• Caution! Non-ionizing Radiation!
What was discussed

✓ General Rules for Safety
✓ Personal Protective Gear
✓ Working at heights guidelines
✓ Selecting the right equipment
✓ Rules and considerations for working at heights
✓ Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
1
8
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Thank You
Types of Microwave Installations

Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course
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Agenda
• Ceragon Technology Overview
• Installation Types:
• All outdoor installations
• All indoor installation
• Split Mount installation
Ceragon
The #1 Wireless Backhaul Specialist
• Global reach – local presence
Over 33%
750,000 of sales
Radios installed in with global
over 130 countries Tier 1 operators
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Serving global markets

In all industries
PUBLIC SAFETY WIRELESS ISP’S UTILITIES OFFSHORE, OIL & GAS
Delivering value through vertical integration

Delivered by the #1 wireless backhaul specialist
4th Generation
Modems and RFICs
Multicore
5th
256QAM Gen
FibeAir IP-20 Platform First XPIC 4th 2019
Gen
3rd
2nd Gen 2013
Gen
2007
Proprietary and Confidential 1998 24
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FibeAir IP-20 Platform

A SINGLE platform serving ALL your wireless backhaul needs
Small Cells Access Access 1st Aggregation 1st Aggregation

2nd Aggregation 2nd Aggregation
Backbone Backbone
FibeAir 2000/ IP-20E IP-20S IP-20G IP-20C IP-20GX IP-20N IP-20LH

2500SC JET All-Outdoor All-Outdoor Split Mount Multicore Extendable Modular Long Haul
Sub 6GHz E-Band 6 - 42GHz 4 – 11GHz
IP-20 ASSURED
for enhanced security
Hybrid All-IP
Product selection - band
Microwave Modular Multi-core
Hybrid All-IP
Sub-6GHz E-Band
FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir

2000/2500 IP-20E IP-20S IP-20C IP-20G IP-20GX IP-20N IP-20LH
IP-20LH
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Product selection – technology/configuration Hybrid All-IP
Modular Multi-core
Microwave Hybrid All-IP
All-IP TDM / Hybrid
All-Indoor/Split
All Outdoor
mount
FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir

IP-20E IP-20S FibeAir
IP-20C IP-20G IP-20GX IP-20N
All Outdoor Installation
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All outdoor Installations
• All outdoor – all is placed outdoor

• The network elements, components and cables are
specifically designed to withstand harsh climatic conditions All Outdoor
• Ceragon all outdoor products are:
• IP-20C
• IP-20S
• IP-20E
FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir

IP-20E IP-20S IP-20C
Examples of all outdoor installations
• IP-20C
• IP-20E
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All outdoor Direct Mount
• Direct Mount: Network element connected directly to the antenna interface.

A mediation device can be used, depending on the configuration
2x MultiCore 2+0
Single Polarization
Splitter
Single Pol.  Splitter

Dual Pol.  OMT
Dual Splitter
1+0 or 2+0
Configuration
All outdoor Remote Mount
• Remote Mount: network elements are connected to the antenna with

waveguides. Waveguide ca be rigid or flexible. A mediation device can be
used.
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Special Case: Direct Mount and Remote Mount

Space Diversity
Main Antenna
Space Antenna
Full Outdoor configurations

• Applicable for IP20 C/S/E configurations
• IP-20C is MultiCore Architecture, IP-20S & IP-20E are Single Core
• Full Outdoor means no IDU, only outdoor units.
• Connected to antenna directly (through a mediation device) or remote with Waveguide (for clients that want to re-
use their antennas).
IP20 C IP20S IP20E

MultiCore 2+0 Single/Dual Polarization 1+0 Direct/Remote Mount 1+0
2 x MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP 1+1 HSB Direct/Remote Mount 2+0(ACCP, ACAP)
MultiCore 2+2 SP/DP HSB 2+0 Direct/Remote Mount 1+1 HSB
2x2 LoS MIMO
4x4 LoS MIMO
4+0 SP/DP/Space Diversity
1+1 HSB
1+0 Repeater (East-West)
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All Indoor Installation
All Indoor Installations
• All indoor installations: IDU+ODU inside, Antenna is outside

• There is a waveguide connecting the ODU to the antenna.
All-Indoor/Split mount
FibeAir FibeAir FibeAir

IP-20G IP-20GX IP-20N
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All Indoor (full indoor) Installations
All Indoor configurations:

• 1500 HP Long Haul + FibeAir IDU
• 3200T + FibeAir IDU
• Evolution RFU + FibeAir IDU
• Evolution EFU + Metro Series
Examples
• All indoor Mounted System, 8+0 Metro Series

• All indoor FibeAir 10+0 LH system
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Split Mount Installation
Split Mount Installations
• Split Mount: IDU inside the shelter, ODU outside.

• ODU directly on the Antenna: Direct Mount
• ODU via Waveguide to the Antenna: Remote Mount
IF Cable
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Split Mount Examples
Split Mount configurations:

• RFU-C or RFU-HP with FibeAir IDU
• Evolution Radio + FibeAir IDU
Radio Units
Standard Power (Max 24 dBm) in 6-42 GHz, with 3.5 - 56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK – 256 QAM or 2048 QAM(Premium) FibeAir RFU-C or RFU-Ce
Very Compact
Power (Max 30 dBm) in 4-13 GHz, with 7-60 Mhz Ch. Bandwidth,
4QAM to 2048 QAM(Select frequencies), Evolution XCVR
ACM capable, XPIC capable
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm) in indoor or split mount installations

Frequency range:
• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz, 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz, RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
Channel Bandwidth:
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 2 RX (6 and 11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz RFU-HP/SD
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz FibeAir 1500HP -1RX/2RX-SD
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
QPSK – 2048 QAM, XPIC, 1+1, 2+2, N+0/1
Diversity: IF combining 1500HP 2RX, BBS SD for all

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Types of Mounts
• Direct Mount: Radio connected to the antenna

• Remote Mount: a waveguide is used between radio to the antenna for the radio signal.
Commonly used configurations and naming
• 1+0: A single carrier is used for creating the link.

• 2+0: Two carriers used for creating a link (either Single or Dual Polarization)
• N+0: A number of N carrier used for the link
• 1+1: A single carrier link, backed-up by a secondary carrier on the same frequency.
• 2+2: Two carrier link is backed up by another two carriers on same frequencies
• N+1: A number on N carriers are backed up one at a time, by a stand-by carrier on a different
frequency – Path Protection / Frequency Diversity.
• 1+0 East-West/Repeater: from one side to opposing side.
• 1+0 Space Diversity
• 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO links: Multiple Input Multiple Output configurations
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What was discussed

✓ Ceragon Technology Overview
✓ Installation Types:
✓ All outdoor installations
✓ All indoor installation
✓ Split Mount installation
Thank You
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Introduction to Microwave Networks

Agenda
• Radio Relay Principles

• Modulation
• ACM & MSE
• SNR & BER
• Transmission Techniques
• XPIC
• SD
• LoS MIMO
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RF Principles
c is the propagation velocity of EM

waves in vacuum (3x108/s)
Radio Spectrum
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Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization

ITU
Band name Abv Frequency Wavelength Example uses
band
Extremely low frequency ELF 1 3–30 Hz 100,000 km – 10,000 km Submarine comms
Super low frequency SLF 2 30–300 Hz 10,000 km – 1000 km Submarine comms
Ultra low frequency ULF 3 300–3000 Hz 1000 km – 100 km Submarine comms, mines comms
Very low frequency VLF 4 3–30 kHz 100 km – 10 km Navigation, time signals, submarine comms, wireless heart rate monitors, geophysics
Low frequency LF 5 30–300 kHz 10 km – 1 km Navigation, clock time signals, AM longwave broadcasting (Europe and parts of Asia), RFID, amateur radio
Medium frequency MF 6 300–3000 kHz 1 km – 100 m AM (medium-wave) broadcasts, amateur radio, avalanche beacons
High frequency HF 7 3–30 MHz 100 m – 10 m Shortwave broadcasts, amateur radio and over-the-horizon aviation communications & radars, RFID,
radar, automatic link establishment (ALE) / near-vertical incidence sky wave (NVIS) radio
communications, marine and mobile radio telephony
Very high frequency VHF 8 30–300 MHz 10 m – 1 m FM, television broadcasts and line-of-sight ground-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communications, land
mobile and maritime mobile communications, amateur radio, weather radio
Ultra high frequency UHF 9 300–3000 MHz 1 m – 100 mm Television broadcasts, microwave oven, microwave devices/communications, radio astronomy, mobile
phones, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS and two-way radios such as land
mobile, FRS and GMRS radios, amateur radio
Super high frequency SHF 10 3–30 GHz 100 mm – 10 mm Radio astronomy, microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, most
modern radars, communications satellites, cable and satellite television broadcasting, DBS, amateur radio
Extremely high frequency EHF 11 30–300 GHz 10 mm – 1 mm Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur
radio, directed-energy weapon, millimeter wave scanner
Tremendously high THz 12 300–3000 GHz 1 mm – 100 μm Terahertz imaging – replacement for X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-matter physics, time-
frequency THF domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, sub-mm remote sensing, amateur radio
Radio Link Waves

Environment
Ionosphere
(80-720 km)
Mesosphere
Terrestrial (50-80 km)
waves Stratosphere
(12-50 km)
Refracted wave Troposphere

(0-12 km)
Direct wave
Line of Sight(LOS)
Antenna
Reflected wave mounting
height
Earth’s Curvature
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Radio Relay Principles

• A Radio Link requires two end stations
• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
• Used Microwave Radio Link frequencies: ~380 GHz
f1
RF Signal
f1’
Radio Link = Duplex Channel
Path Terrain
High and Low frequency stations

Terminology
• A duplex radio channel occupies 2 frequencies: f1, f1’ (FDD)
• Separation wide enough to avoid interference
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Local site Remote site
Near End Far End
A End Z End
High station Low station
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
Radio Link = Full Duplex Channel
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’) Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
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Preferred site location structure

• Preferred site arrangements instead of straight line for reducing interference between Low
units in Link n and High units in Link n+1
√
High
Low
×
RF Components – Parabolic Reflector/Antenna
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Antenna gain & size

Antenna gain
3.7m 3.0m
[dBi]
2.4m 1.8m
0.9m
50 1.2m
0.6m
45
0.3m
40
0.2m
35
30
Frequency
bands
6L 7 8 10 13 15 18 23 26 28 32 38 42 GHz
5 6U 11 24
Main Parabolic Antenna Types

1. Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)
• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is
not normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
2. High performance antennas (HP)
• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can not be
used with co-channel systems.
3. High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible.
Can be used for co-channel systems.
4. Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible
with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
5. Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using frequencies in many directions is
possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
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Antenna polarizations and classes

Single polarized antenna Antenna classes
› High Performance, ETSI Class 3
› Super High Performance, ETSI Class 4
Vertical pol. Horizontal pol.

V
V H
H
Dual polarized antenna
Passive Repeaters
• When terrain does not permit Line of Sight, some passive repeaters can be used
Back-to-back antennas
Repeater
60 60
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About E-band
• What is E-band?
• Proven and mature technology – in commercial use since the 1980’s
• 10GHz of spectrum: 71-76GHz and 81-86GHz
• Requires Line of Sight
• Advantages of E-band over traditional microwave bands:

• Large spectrum  Gigabit throughputs MW and Sub6 up to 10
• Uncongested, practically greenfield E-band: <1
• Fast and inexpensive license (US – 50$)

• Pencil-beams (beam-width < 1˚):
• High spectral reuse and minimum
interference
• Secure (hard to detect
and intercept)
mmWave Characteristics
8 GHz 38 GHz 71-76 GHz
• Higher free space loss FSL 110 dB 124 dB 130 dB

• Higher antenna gain 1ft Antenna Gain 25 dBi 38 dBi 43 dBi
2ft Antenna Gain 31 dBi 44 dBi 50 dBi
• Narrower beam antennas

1ft Antenna Beam Width 8° 1.8° <1°
• Low attenuation due to atmospheric gases

(peak at 60GHz due to oxygen absorption) 8 GHz 38 GHz 60GHz 71-76 GHz
Att dB/Km ~0 dB ~0.1 dB Up to ~15 dB ~0.5dB
• High attenuation due to rain  Main factor that limits the effective link distance
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Wireless Alternatives
• E-band
• Inexpensive
• Very quick to deploy
• Mature technology
Frequency Capacity Disadvantages
Non LOS Sub-6GHz <200Mbps • Congested spectrum

• Unlicensed
Microwave 6-38GHz 200Mbps (standard channel) • Congested spectrum
400Mbps (wide channel) • Expensive license
X2 (dual polarization)
60GHz 57-64GHz 1GbE and beyond • Distance < ½ mile
• Unlicensed
E-band 71-86GHz 1GbE and beyond • Distance < 3 miles
Why mmWave with Ceragon

• Operational and commercial benefits
• Light licensing - lower licensing fees while still regulated
• Wide channels – high capacity (1 Gbps)
• Physical characteristics
• High spatial separation and high antenna directivity
• Practically, no interference to the neighbors, hence, no spectrum congestion
• Few km distance with high availability (99.995%)
• Practical conclusions
• Small foot-print
• Instant deployment
• Low cost – CAPEX and OPEX
• High capacity ( > 1 Gbps) links
• Frees lower frequencies
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Modulation
Modulation
• Modulation = facilitating a message over a medium with the help of a more easily
modifiable signal;
• The process of modifying parameters of one signal based on another, for data
transmissions.
• Why do modulation ?
• To overcome medium limitations when transmitting information: voice over air, power of signal
over cable, signal fidelity, etc.
• To compact information so that it is transmittable at higher speeds.
• To use smaller antennas for transmitting the signal, less costly.
• Parameters affected in modulation: amplitude, frequency & phase of the signal.

• We have: analog and digital modulations.
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Modulation types
Analog Modulation Digital Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation ASK - Amplitude Shift Keying

FM - Frequency modulation FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Digital modulation
• ASK - modulation changes the amplitude to the analog signal. ”1” and “ 0” have different
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
amplitude. 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
Modem
• PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted signal. The simplest method uses 0°
and 180°. 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
Modem
1800 phase shift
• FSK modulation is a method of represent the two binary states ”1” and ”0” with different
specific frequencies.
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
Modem
F1 F2 F1 F1 F2 F1 F1
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QAM Modulation
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase
modulation (PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK) QAM Type Bits
4QAM 2bits/symbol
• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the 8QAM 3bits/symbol
number of modulation states used. 16QAM 4bits/symbol
32QAM 5bits/symbol
• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight 64QAM 6bits/symbol
128QAM 7bits/symbol
values (0-7) alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to 256QAM 8bits/symbol
512QAM 9bits/symbol
derive eight unique modulation states 1024QAM 10bits/symbol
2048QAM 11bits/symbol
• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in
128 QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
QAM vs ASK / PSK for High modulation?

• QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the
points more evenly
• The points on the constellation are more distinct (at receiver) and data errors are reduced
• Higher modulation => more bits per symbol
• When constellation points are closer => receiver is more susceptible to noise
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Constellation diagram
• Represents the possible symbols that may be selected by a given modulation scheme as
points in the complex plane.
• Constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of interference and distortion in a
signal.
4QAM vs 16QAM
4QAM 16QAM
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2048 QAM
ACM & MSE
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Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

• With ACM ON, the radio will select the highest capacity based on Received Signal Quality (MSE)
• When the signal quality is degraded (fading / interference) => radio goes to more robust modulation &
capacity is reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and capacity is restored. The
capacity changes are hitless (no errors introduced).
• During reduced capacity, traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS. In congestion, Ethernet traffic
with lowest priority is dropped.
1024 QAM LFEC

1024 QAM LFEC
1024 QAM SFEC

1024 QAM SFEC
512 QAM
512 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
2048QAM
2048QAM
128 QAM
128 QAM
64 QAM
64 QAM
32 QAM
32 QAM
16 QAM
16 QAM
8 QAM
8 QAM
QPSK
High
Priority
Traffic
75 75
ACM Profiles
• 11 Profiles QPSK to 2048 QAM
• Each profile differs by modulation order and coding rate =>different capacities per profile
• ACM Tx profile can be different than ACM Rx profile
• ACM Tx profile is determined by far-end MSE.
Tx
Rx MSE
Tx Downgrade / Upgrade command
76 76
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MSE – Mean Square Error

Definition
MSE => used to quantify the
difference between an estimated/
expected value and the actual
value received.
MSE => the average the squared

errors(see errors in distributions)
MSE => an aggregated error by

which the expected value differs from the
quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of

randomness and fading.
To simplify….
Imagine a production line where a
machine needs to insert one part into
the other, so both pieces must match
perfectly.
Let us assume the dimension has to

be 10mm wide
But in real life, we take a few of parts and

measured them to see how many can fit in….
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The Errors Histogram (Gaussian probability distribution function)
Exp. Value = Rec.Value
Quantity 9
Exp.Value > Rec.Value Exp. Value < Rec.Value
3
3
2
1
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
The accuracy of our machine is given by how many values differ from the expected value.
9 parts were good, rest not so much.
The difference from Expected value…

Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value
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Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
Total Error = 16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65,

Average (MSE) = Total Error / # of errors = 65/5 =13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
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Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the “Bell” is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer

to perfect condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Q
• Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an
01 00 example:
• QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
• 2 possible states for I signal
I
• 2 possible states for Q signal
• = 4 possible states for the combined signal
11 10 • The graph shows the expected values

(constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
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Q • Black dots represent the
01 00 expected values of the received
signal (RSL)
• The blue dots represent the
I
actual RSL
• As in the previous example, the
11 10 bigger the errors are, the harder
it becomes to detect & recover
the transmitted signal (at
receiver)

85

Q • MSE would be the average errors of e1 +
01 00 e2 + e3 + e4….
e1
e2
• When MSE is very small the actual signal is
I very close to the expected signal
e4
e3
• We calculate MSE based on a large sample
11 10 RSL
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Q • When MSE is too big, the actual signal
01 00 (amplitude & phase) is too far from the
e1 expected signal
e2
I
e4
e3
11 10
MSE and ACM

When the errors is too big, we need a
stronger error correction mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number of bits per

symbol allocated for data and re-assign the
extra bits for correction instead
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but poor immune
to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much better

immune for noise
ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation
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ACM & MSE: An Example…

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 untill MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
-41 Downgrade
-38
-37
-34
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profile 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profile 3

2048 QAM 1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM
MSE
-39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21
ACM & MSE: An Example

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will switch back FASTER to a
higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM waits till MSE improves to
the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
-41 -38
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8
-39 -36 -35 MSE
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Why use ACM?

• To maximized spectrum usage
• To increased capacity over a given bandwidth
• To get system gain, ~3 dB for each point change
• Hitless/Errorless modulation changes, based on signal quality
• Adaptive Tx Power on modulation for maximal system gain per working point
• An integrated QoS mechanism for smart congestion management, ensures high priority traffic
is not affected during link fading
SNR & BER
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Signal / Noise ratio

• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER≈0 BER<10-13 BER=10-6 BER=10-3

Signal
Signal
S/N Power Signal
Power
Power
Power
S/N Signal
S/N S/N
Noise Noise Noise Noise
BER Impact on Transmission Quality

10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is

10 -6
dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -7
10 -8
-75 -72 -69 -66
Receiver input level [dBm]
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RSL Vs. Threshold

RSL (dBm)
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
BER<10-6
-73 Sensitivity Threshold level
@ BER=10-6
BER>10-6 SNR
-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-99 K – Boltzmann constant

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000) T – Temperature in Kelvin
B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
Transmission Techniques
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XPIC (Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation)
System Spectrum Utilization

BW
V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)
H
BW
V 1 3 5 7 9
H ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)
2 4 6 8 10
BW
V 1 2 3 4 5
H CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarization)
6 7 8 9 10
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CCDP frequency plan

Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency
Vertical Polarization
V 1 V 1
H H
2 2
Cross-
Polarization Cross-
Polarization
Interference
(XPI)
Horizontal Polarization Interference
(XPI)
Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD)= The relative level of interference
between polarizations (Co-channel sensitivity of 10dB)
Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC)= Technology that cancels

interference between polarizations (XPIF=Improvement Factor of 26dB)
XPIC Co-channel Systems
•ATPC power mode is always recommended with CCDP systems to reduce the effect of
XPD fading and prevent loosing both channels when one TX fails.
•The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.
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RSL Vs. Threshold

RSL (dBm) System without CCDP RSL (dBm) System with CCDP
-20 -20
-30 Nominal Input Level -30
Fading Margin Threshold level
Fading Margin because of
BER<10-6 interference without
XPIC BER=10-6
-42
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
-65 Input Level H
BER<10-6 (interference
Interference from V, when H is
-73 Threshold level BER=10-6 -73 Muted)
BER>10-6 S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

Threshold level without interference
-96 Receiver amplifies thermal -96 BER=10-6
noise
-99 K – Boltzmann constant -99
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000) T – Temperature in Kelvin
B – Bandwidth
Time (s) Time (s)

RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP System

RSL (dBm) System without XPIC RSL (dBm) System with XPIC
BER>10-6
-20 -20
Nominal Input Level H
-30 -30
Fading Margin Threshold level Threshold
Fading Margin level because
because of
BER<10-6 interference without of interference
XPIC BER=10-6 and XPIC
-42 -42 function
BER>10-6 BER=10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) BER<10-6
-65
-65 Input Level H Input Level H
(interference -68 (interference
from V, when H is
BER>10-6
-73 Interference S/N=23dB for from V, when
Muted) -73 H is Muted)
128QAM (37 MHz)
Threshold level without interference -91
-96 BER=10-6 XPIC will Interference level
-99 improve
interference
for 26dB Time (s)
Time (s) 102
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SD (Space Diversity)
Combiner Space Diversity

Counteracting Multipath Propagation Fading
Multipath space diversity arrangement (one direction shown)
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Combiner Space Diversity

Counteracting Multipath Propagation Fading
3dB lower
BER receiver
threshold
Combining RF spectrums showing reduced notch of the combined spectrum

The improvement factor depends on several factors such as fade margin, path
length and selective fade probability, and can typically range from a factor of 10
to a factor of 1000.
Space Diversity
Carrier 1
1+0 SD Carrier 1
Carrier 2
(Muted)
X Carrier 2
1+0 Space Diversity

V Master
Master
H V
H
2+2 SD Data Sharing
Cable
Slave Slave
X Muted
2+2 Space Diversity

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Spatial Diversity
2+2 HSB = Protected 2+0 SD
Optical
GbE
Port
Modem 1 RF Chain
GbE
Port
Modem 2 RF Chain
Optical
Splitter Active IP-20C Unit
Optical
GbE
Port
Modem 1 RF Chain
GbE
Port
Modem 2 RF Chain
Standby IP-20C Unit

MultiCore 2+2 Space Diversity 107
LOS MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
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MIMO Basics
NLoS MIMO (Left) and LoS MIMO (Right) Compared
LoS MIMO – Transmitting and Receiving on a Single

Frequency Channel
LoS MIMO – Theory of Operation
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LoS MIMO installation

Horizontal Vertical
Separation Separation
Must be
consistent
LoS MIMO 4x4 technology

• LoS 4X4 MIMO - quadrupling capacity using the same channel bandwidth
• 1Gbps radio throughput over a single 28MHz / 30MHz channel
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MIMO Benefits
4 x Capacity on the SAME CHANNEL!
• Using the a single channel to quadruple the capacity
• 2 x FibeAir IP-20C units at each site
Site 2
• Simple direct mount installation V
V
H 1Gbps on a single
30/28 MHz channel
• Supports 28MHz, 40MHz, 56MHz H
Site 1
LoS 4x4 MIMO Quadruples radio
throughput using the same
Upgrading the Capacity without network re-planning spectrum, at half the form-factor
MultiCore Benefits
System Gain
1+0 MultiCore 2+0 DP
11dB f1
f1
1024 to 64QAM
+
30/28MHz
30/28MHz 2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
226Mbps 2 x 133 = 266Mbps

1024QAM 64 QAM
13dB!
Addition to System Gain
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MIMO Benefits
System Gain
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 4X4 MIMO
3dB f1
f1
Operating in MIMO
+
30/28MHz
11dB 30/28MHz
1024 to 64QAM 28MHz V
+
2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
452Mbps 4 x 133 = 532Mbps
1024QAM 64 QAM
16dB!
Addition to System Gain
MIMO Benefits
Spectrum Decongestion
1+0 SISO 2X2 MIMO
3ft 3ft
6ft 6ft MIMO

3ft 3ft
MIMO
6 GHz Same link

11 GHz
Congested spectrum Parameters
(30Km, 99.999%) Unclogged spectrum
The Effect on System Gain: 7dB
+14dB Shift from

1+0 SISO 2X2 MIMO system gain improvement Congested 6GHz
to
6GHz 11GHz -7dB Unclogged 11GHz
Link budget loss
X2 Smaller
antennas and even
gain ~7dB 116
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MIMO Benefits
Lowest Cost of Ownership
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth
or to improve system gain  Longer links
• Typical solution results in 20-25% cost reduction
Test Case:
18GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO :
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 452 Mbps

28MHz
1024QAM 9.3 Km
4x4 MIMO 532 Mbps (432Mbps)

28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM) 14.7 Km (16.2km)
MIMO Benefits
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth
or to improve system gain  Longer links
Test Case:
15GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO :
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 452 Mbps

28MHz
1024QAM 10 Km
4x4 MIMO 532 Mbps (432Mbps)

28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM) 17 Km (19km)
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WHAT WAS DISCUSSED
✓Radio Relay Principles

✓Modulation
✓ACM & MSE
✓SNR & BER
✓Transmission Techniques
✓XPIC
✓SD
✓LoS MIMO
Thank You
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Transportation of Goods and Receiving on Site

Proprietary and Confidential Jan 2017
Agenda
• Transporting and moving microwave goods:
• Antennas
• Network Elements
• Waveguides and Cables
• General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods

• Equipment inspection
• Receiving Equipment on site
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General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods
• Rules that apply for transportation of Microwave goods:

• Rules for packaging and stacking
• Rules for safely transportation
• Rules for unpacking and storage
• Long time storage of goods
Inspecting Equipment
• Ceragon Authorized Personnel

• Equipment – correct quantities
• Equipment – factory shipping conditions
• Both conditions need to be fulfilled
• Insurance Claims forms
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Transport Responsibly – No Matter What the Load

1. Keep moderate speeds and don’t overload vehicle!
2. Periodically check the load and at regular intervals, inspect readjust strapping!
HANDLE ALL EQUIPMENT WITH CARE, Damaged equipment must be replaced, NOT INSTALLED
Transporting Antenna
• Observe & follow storage and transportation instructions.
• Position cargo straps onto the strongest part of the crate.
• Check the load regularly to make sure it remains secure.
• On poor road conditions, position the large antenna where they will be least
affected by vibration and shocks – more robust equipment loaded onto
remaining space
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Receiving a Delivery at Site
Remember:
• Check quantities against the BOM document
• Check damage to equipment
• Damaged items of equipment should never be installed;
• Missing items need to be reported ASAP:
• Check all equipment on arrival – not after the driver has gone.
Moving the Antenna

8
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Moving Large Antenna – Wrong Way
• Using a forklift truck for the load being lifted

• How to damage the load
Moving Large Antenna – Right Way

• So, when moving large antenna crates or similar loads ALWAYS fit extensions on to the forks of the
forklift truck
• Keep load near the ground.
• Drive Carefully & Slowly, keep load stable. Make sure of visibility.
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Storage of the antenna

• Long term storage considerations.
• Raise the crate off the ground and cover with waterproof sheeting
• Indoors storing is always preferred.
• Antennas inside carton boxes - stored indoors and stacked on pallets
• Storage on site and the right Side UP!
Inspection
• Loading & Dispatching, check:
• antenna is not damaged
• assembly kits are complete
• For outside stored antennas, ALWAYS inspect crate!
• WARNING: never sling from the top!

• Termites and moisture destroy timber
• Damaged goods should be reported, not transported!
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Hoisting Large Antenna

• Use only good quality slings, attach slings at each
corner of the pallet base, not to crate timbers
• Be observant at all times !
• DON’T TAKE CHANCES - NEVER STAND UNDER

LOADS
Protection – Unpacking and Assembly
• Place timber or other protection under equipment when unpacking crates at site.
• No system or components should ever come in contact with the ground
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Steel Components
• Surface contamination of metal components on the ground. Contamination will eventually :
• Lead to surface corrosion
• Accelerate depletion of the coating system.
• Bring about premature failure
Working Load Limit

• Working Load Limit (WLL), Safe Working Load (SWL), Rated Capacity, Rated Load Value.
• Working Load Limit - max. load to rigging equipment.
• THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT MUST NEVER BE EXCEEDED
• THIS MEANS ALL EQUIPMENT !
• IF THE RATING IS UNKOWN IT WILL BE REJECTED BY CERAGON AND MUST BE REMOVED FROM SITE
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Equipment Inspection – Inspecting Rigging Equipment

• Rigging Team is:
• Responsible for regular checks on their equipment
• Fully trained to recognize unacceptable wear or damage to equipment.
• Winch: Service at planned regular intervals
• Winch Cable (steel): Check for fraying, cuts and kinking, wound correctly onto the
• Rope (fiber) : Check for fraying of fibers, cuts and contamination from oil, grease etc. and build up
of dirt/grit inside strands that will cause internal fiber wear
• Shackles :Check for pin or bow wear, thread damage or distortion of the bow.
• Pulley Block: lubricate, check for wear to the grove, looseness of pins and wear or damage of the
pulley groove.
• Slings: Check for cuts, fraying, contamination.
CERAGON can and will reject any item of equipment and have it removed from the
site if considered unsuitable or unsafe for its intended use.
Equipment Storage – 19” Rack

8
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Equipment Rack Storage
• Avoid damage during the storage phase

• Use blocks of polystyrene or similar material to keep separation 10
between racks 9
8
• Spacer at most rigid part of frame, thick enough to prevent
7
contact between the racks 6
• Wooden pallet - same footprint as rack. Leveled surface 5
4
• Lightly strap or brace to keep stability
3
• Stack up to 10 racks only! 2
1
Prevention is Better than repairing !
• By applying simple precautions this damage could have been

prevented
• Consequences - new racks to be air freighted to the project site.
• Several racks were damaged and could not be used.
• The project was not delayed – but the added costs had to be
absorbed by the project.
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Avoiding Damage During Storage
Transport with Care

• When transporting equipment provide adequate protection to prevent damage
• Strap securely to avoid damage to packing cases
• Strap down equipment rack separately
• Protect with a tarp or water/dust proof cover
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Transport with Care
• On poor road conditions adjust the position to minimize

vibration or shock to the equipment
• Be aware of the packing case contents
Transportation and handling of waveguide and cables

4
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Handling and Transporting Waveguide

• Waveguide needs to be treated properly:
• Don’t put it flat on the ground
• Keep it coiled and roll in direction on the drum
• Endure free-ends are strapped.
• Forklift with extensions beyond drum
• Hoisting done properly
Transporting Waveguide Drums
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Checking the Waveguide Drum

• Confirm station name from drum labels
• Check the waveguide type against documents
• Check waveguide length
• The length - footage printed on the feeder jacket
Checking the Waveguide

• Avoid pushing tools near the waveguide - may cause damage
• Inspect the whole surface for any damage – dents, cuts, etc.
• If damage is found – do not install the waveguide!
• Report damage to project office !
• Waveguide is pre-pressurized to prevent moisture getting inside
• There may be some possibility for water inside. you must report this to
your project office before installation!
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Un-Reeling the Waveguide
Bill of Material / Bill of Quantity Document
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Bill of Material (BOM) or Bill of Quantity
• BOM is the list of all equipment to be received on site.

• The BOM can be specific to the site or to the project phase for a site.
• BOM list should be identical with goods received on site in both items and quantities.
Equipment Bill of Material, Bill of Quantity

# P/N Description Sum QTY Rihkwadar Pt 6236
1. FibeAir IP-20N/A 1
IP-20N-2RU/10-Slot-Base-2x48v IP-20N 2RU/10-slot base package w/ 2x48v 2 1 1
IP-20-TCC-B2-XG-MC+SD IP-20 TCC-B2-XG-MC, w/ SD-Card 2 1 1
IP-20-RMC-B IP-20 RMC-B 8 4 4
IP-20-LIC-X-E4-Opt IP-20 Extended LIC Eth-4x1GE opt 2 1 1
IP-20-LIC-T16 IP-20 LIC T-16 w/ 16xE1/DS1 4 2 2
2. Activation keys
IP-20-SL-Capacity-450M IP-20 SL - Capacity 450M, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-ACM IP-20 SL - ACM, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-XPIC IP-20 SL - XPIC, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-MC-ABC IP-20 SL - MC-ABC, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-GE-Port IP-20 SL - GE port 12 6 6
IP-20-SL-Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node IP-20 SL - Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node mode 2 1 1
3. FibeAir RFU-HP
RFU-HP-1R-6L RFU-HP 6LG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor 4 2 2
RFU-HP-1R-6H RFU-HP 6HG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor 4 2 2
4. RF Accessories - Ceragon Design
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low 2 0 2
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High 2 2 0
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low 2 0 2
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High 2 2 0
OCB-Pole Mount OCB-Pole Mount 2 1 1
OCB-SBend-6 OCB SBend connection 6GHz 4 2 2
15HP-TERM-137 1500HP 50 Ohm Termination,WR137 4 2 2
15HP-SHORT-137 15HP Short for WR137 8 4 4
LGHT_PRT Lightning protector kit 8 4 4
5. Accessories & Cables
WAVEGUIDE-6-4FT FLEX WG 1.2m WR-137 6GHz 4 2 2
SFP-GE-LX SFP optical interface 1000Base-LX*ROHS 8 4 4
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-5m Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 5m 4 2 2
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m 8 4 4
IP10-CBL-16E1-OE-3M IP-10 16E1 cable open-end, 3M 4 2 2
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT Ant Pol mount 4-6FT 2 1 1
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m 2 0.6 0.6
2+2-Installation-Kit 2+2-Installation-Kit 2 1 1
CT-19-21-BR-10 Cabling 19-21" Bracket kit 2 1 1
32T-ip phone IP PHONE, SUPPORT SIP IAX2,H323 PROTOCOL 2 1 1
WEATHERPROOF KIT WEATHERPROOF KIT FOR SEALING CONNECTORS 2 1 1
RJ-45ETHCross cable RJ-45ETHCross cable 2 0 2
6. Antenna
DPSA-4-6-A ANT,4FT,5.925-7.125GHz DP,CPR137G 2 1 1
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Installation Procedure follows
• Equipment was inspected

• Equipment and quantities are checked against the BOM
• Equipment was unloaded and stored correctly on site.
• Installation can begin
What was discussed

• Transporting and moving microwave goods:
• Antennas
• Network Elements
• Waveguides and Cables
• General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods

• Receiving Equipment on site
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Thank You
Pre-Installation Considerations and Documents

CeraOS 8.5
Proprietary and Confidential Nov 2016
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Agenda
• Roles and responsibilities of Installer/Technician
• Installation Process
• Technical Site Survey Document for your site
• Site RFI ( Ready For Installation)
• Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
• Equipment Bill Of Material
• Radio Frequency Planning Document – Link Budget
Roles and Responsibilities
It is your job as a technician to:

• Respect safety rules
• Pay attention that your colleagues do as well
• Report anything suspicious to your supervisor
• Read and understand the instructions
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Installation Process
Technical
Purchase Technical Site Shipping to
Engineering
Order Survey warehouse
Configuration
Equipment
Equipment
Site RFI confirmation & Installation
Shipment
inspection
Acceptance
Acceptance
Agreement &
Testing
Handover
Technical Site Survey document

0
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Technical Site Survey document - 1

• The Technical Site Survey document aim
• Technical Site Survey main topics.
• General Data: Customer, Site name, GPS coord, Site Type, Mobile contact, etc.
• About site: parking, distances, storage availability, light, AC power, AC outlets, etc.
• Safety: safety conditions, cellular coverage, climbing
• Terrain LoS: Propagation, Interferences.
• Tower: size, height, azimuth, mw equipment on site,
power supplies, no. of antennas, pole mounts, etc.
• Antenna, IDU & ODU: material requirement, DC power
IF cables, grounding kits, rack units, bolts required, etc
Technical Site Survey Document - 2
• Transmission Data: DDF, cross connections, Ceragon compatibility, transmission impedance

value, optical boards, sync points
• Power and Grounding: batteries, power supplies, capacities and types, etc.
• Cable entry gland: extra room for cables, quantity, entry plate seal,
TSS ITEMS SITE NAME BE ET1SHA
• Responsibility Sharing Table: Site Access General Data

Date 06-06-16
Customer Representitive NAME
General Site Data
• Site Survey Checklist: Site name
GPS Coordinates
BE ET1SHA 123TELECOM
S 16° 01' .036": E 023° 18' .825" and Elevation 971m
Site Type Greenfield
Equipment Room Type Shelter
Site Area Residential
Key Required Yes
Location of Key Maun MSU
Appointment needed Yes
Landline
Fax
Mobile +5273654000733
• Example, open right side object Email Address

Site Availability
representative@123telecom.com
Working Hours
General Site Access
Special requirements for site access By Appointment
Remarks/Observasion on Site
Parking Arrangements Yes
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Site RFI (Ready for Installation)

3
Site RFI (Ready for Installation)
Checklist before visiting the site:

• Checklist covers 6 major issues:
• Access & Permission to the site
• Material
• Weather
• Power at site
• Subcontractors
• LOS
• The checklist will be checked and implemented before visiting the site in order to reduce
costs, manage resources and avoid revisits in the sites.
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Module high level design

The checklist will include the following questions:
all the regions except APAC APAC only
Answer Answer
Issue Question (Drop down list) Issue Question (Drop down list)
Did you receive the key for the site and do you have access Permit NE FE Do you have the permit to enter the sites? Y/N
Access & Y/N
to the site? Do you have the key or padlock to open the gate, fence,
permissions to Key and Padlock Y/N
Do you have all the signed papers and permissions from the rack, enclosure, cabinet?
the site Y/N
site owner? (should be signed by him)
Did you receive the antenna height approval (propose)
CAF Y/N
Did you check if all the materials arrived to the site and from tower owner/provider (3rd party provider)?
Material Y/N
available for use?
Do you have link design approval (link budget) to be
Did you check the weather forecast for the day(s) of the LBC Y/N
Weather Y/N agreed based on KPI?
visit and if the weather fits for installations?
Was Pre Work Order to touch or shut down network
Did you verify with the site owner that power is available? PWO Y/N
Power at site Y/N (live traffic) done?
(should be signed by him)
Did you verify with the subcontractor that he has all the Materials Is all material/equipment available at the site? Y/N
Subcontractors Y/N
resources available on the installation date? Is Panel Box, e.g. outlet to connect AC Power checked
Did you check if the LOS document is valid and contains all Electricity (PLN) Y/N
LOS Y/N and available?
the relevant issues? Is DC power Supply available for Equipment tapping
DC Rectifier Y/N
DCN Planning point?
(Data Is IDU IP and VLAN available for NE connectivity and link
Is DCN ready with all the requirements? Y/N IP & VLAN Y/N
Connectivity Configuration?
planning with IP) Was label to identify equipment and accessories
Asset Tagging Y/N
Go (turned to installed?
Decision green)/ No - Go Go (turned to green)/ No - Go
(turned to red) Decision
(turned to red)
• There will be a time stamp with the date and the name of the Person/ PM who completed the data (After the actual checking).
• Status “In- progress” in the Service Task – should be mandatory like the “Planned” status.
Permissions and Implementation – Ceragon Inside

Should be verified between regions:
Region Owner Implementation Comments
Europe PM’s 1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from Should apply 1 week before the site visit
"planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
will jumped and completed by PM’s
S.Cone Service 1 week before the visit. In Inside – while changing the status from "planned" to "in- progress", Should apply 1 week before the site visit
Coordinators a window with the questions will be jumped and completed by Service Coordinators.
Andean PM’s 1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from Should apply 1 week before the site visit
APAC *QA – to be Comment: Only 1-2 days they are notified by the customer that the site is ready.
recruited in the QA function- need to be recruited and implement the checklist in the future. Meantime will be Needs to recruited QA person to complete the data in Inside
future under PM’s responsibility.
1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from
Currently –PM’s "planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
Africa PM’s 1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from Should apply 1 week before the site visit
India PMO (Ajay Comment: Only 1-2 days they are notified by the customer that the site is ready.
Agrawal) The information still not updated properly in Inside. Once it will be finalized, we can Needs to eliminate RJIL. Right now the data is not available properly in
implement the checklist. Inside
2 working days (Excluding Saturday & Sunday) before the visit start date In Inside, while
changing the status of the service task from "planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from
the system), a window with the questions will jumped and completed by PM’s.
***This is applicable as long there is a complete RFI
NA N/A N/A Not relevant. Low volume, no reoccurring issues.
Brazil N/A N/A Not relevant. Cell plan conduct the site checklist and in case there is a
problem make escalations.
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Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
Ceragon Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure

• The purpose of this procedure is to verify correct installation and operation of the
installed link and the interoperability with customer end equipment.
• Helps verify that all installation requirements were noted and checked.
• Summarizes the installation requirements:
• Comprised of:
• Site Acceptance Procedure
• Commissioning of radio link
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Site Acceptance Procedure
Site Acceptance Procedure

• Site Information: Name, Model, Customer, Address, Radio code
• Antenna Mounting:
• Antenna
• Out-door Unit
• Coax cable
• Flexible Waveguide
• Indoor Unit
• DC power supply
• Rack Installation
• Remarks
• General Information section
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Antenna Mounting Inspection

• Pole high enough to clear obstructions
• Pole high enough & well positioned. The pole should be away from the edge of the
building/tower, where possible.
• Mounting pole is secure and perpendicular.
• Mounting pole is grounded as per site / operator specifications.
• Additional lightning protectors should be installed.
• All steelwork is Galvanized or Stainless Steel, as appropriate to prevent corrosion.
Antenna Check
• Antenna is grounded.
• Antenna sway braces are fitted and installed.
• For 1.2 m or larger antennas, an extra sway brace is
fitted.
• Antenna Water Drain Plugs are fitted
• Drain plugs at the bottom of the antenna
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Outdoor Unit - ODU
• ODU is grounded as per installation instructions.

• ODU polarization is as per link requirements and matches the polarization of the antenna.
• For full outdoor, see proper mediation devices
Indoor Unit - IDU

• Traffic connections are correctly terminated and crimped
• Fiber optic patch leads should be routed carefully and efficiently.
• Other user terminations are secure and correctly terminated.
• Complete labeling per site requirements.
• Labeling is specific to each customer.
Typical labeling requirements include:
• Antenna labels - for link identity and bearing
• ODU labels - for link identity, frequency, and polarization
• Coax cable labels - for link identity, close to the ODU, IDU, and either end of
any joint
• IDU labels - for link identity
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Radio Link Commissioning Procedure

5
Link Commissioning
The purpose of the commissioning tests is to verify correct and

proper operation of the product.
Comprised of:
• Link Verification
• Ethernet Line Interfaces Test
• E1/T1 Line Interfaces Test IDU
• Interoperability Verification
• Management Verification
IDU
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Link Verification
• "Radio" LED on the IDU front panel is green, indicating the

radio link is up.
• Received Signal Level (RSL) is up to +/- 3 dB from the expected
(calculated) level at both ends of the link.
• Radio Bit Error Rate (BER) is 10E-11 or higher.
• If working with ATPC, ATPC is operating as expected (RSL =
reference level).
• After connecting test equipment or end equipment to the
enabled line interfaces, all LEDs on the IDU front panel green.
Ethernet Line Interface Test
• Connect Ethernet Packet Analyzer to the GbE or FE port.

• Use physical loop at remote end (or connect second analyzer).
• Run Packet Loss test for at least one hour (load rate as per
Ceragon's specifications for the chosen MRMC).
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E1/T1 Line Interfaces Test
• Connect PDH Analyzer to the E1/T1 interface and verify error-free operation for at
least 1 hour.
• Use a physical or software loop at the far end.
Interoperability Verification
• Connect customer end equipment to the line interfaces, and

verify correct operation.
• Further interoperability tests should be performed in accordance
with the specific requirements of the connected end equipment
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Management Verification
• Launch the HTTP management and verify that you can manage the
link and that you are able to perform changes to the link
configuration (frequency channel, Tx power, system name, time &
date, etc.)
• Verify that correct parameters are reported when performing the
above.
• Verify that there are no active alarms on the link.
• If the management station is located at a remote site (Network
Operation Center), verify that the management station can manage
the link and receive traps.
Equipment BOM (Bill of Material)

2
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Equipment Bill of Material, Bill of Quantity

# P/N Description Sum QTY Rihkwadar Pt 6236
1. FibeAir IP-20N/A 1
IP-20N-2RU/10-Slot-Base-2x48v IP-20N 2RU/10-slot base package w/ 2x48v 2 1 1
IP-20-TCC-B2-XG-MC+SD IP-20 TCC-B2-XG-MC, w/ SD-Card 2 1 1
IP-20-RMC-B IP-20 RMC-B 8 4 4
IP-20-LIC-X-E4-Opt IP-20 Extended LIC Eth-4x1GE opt 2 1 1
IP-20-LIC-T16 IP-20 LIC T-16 w/ 16xE1/DS1 4 2 2
2. Activation keys
IP-20-SL-Capacity-450M IP-20 SL - Capacity 450M, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-ACM IP-20 SL - ACM, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-XPIC IP-20 SL - XPIC, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-MC-ABC IP-20 SL - MC-ABC, per carrier 8 4 4
IP-20-SL-GE-Port IP-20 SL - GE port 12 6 6
IP-20-SL-Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node IP-20 SL - Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node mode 2 1 1
3. FibeAir RFU-HP
RFU-HP-1R-6L RFU-HP 6LG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor 4 2 2
RFU-HP-1R-6H RFU-HP 6HG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor 4 2 2
4. RF Accessories - Ceragon Design
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low 2 0 2
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High 2 2 0
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low 2 0 2
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High 2 2 0
OCB-Pole Mount OCB-Pole Mount 2 1 1
OCB-SBend-6 OCB SBend connection 6GHz 4 2 2
15HP-TERM-137 1500HP 50 Ohm Termination,WR137 4 2 2
15HP-SHORT-137 15HP Short for WR137 8 4 4
LGHT_PRT Lightning protector kit 8 4 4
5. Accessories & Cables
WAVEGUIDE-6-4FT FLEX WG 1.2m WR-137 6GHz 4 2 2
SFP-GE-LX SFP optical interface 1000Base-LX*ROHS 8 4 4
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-5m Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 5m 4 2 2
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m 8 4 4
IP10-CBL-16E1-OE-3M IP-10 16E1 cable open-end, 3M 4 2 2
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT Ant Pol mount 4-6FT 2 1 1
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m 2 0.6 0.6
2+2-Installation-Kit 2+2-Installation-Kit 2 1 1
CT-19-21-BR-10 Cabling 19-21" Bracket kit 2 1 1
32T-ip phone IP PHONE, SUPPORT SIP IAX2,H323 PROTOCOL 2 1 1
WEATHERPROOF KIT WEATHERPROOF KIT FOR SEALING CONNECTORS 2 1 1
RJ-45ETHCross cable RJ-45ETHCross cable 2 0 2
6. Antenna
DPSA-4-6-A ANT,4FT,5.925-7.125GHz DP,CPR137G 2 1 1
Radio Frequency Planning Document

4
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Radio Frequency Planning Document
• Radio Frequency Planning

• Antenna Heights against Terrain Profile
• Link Distance
• Polarization
• Radio Model
• Antenna Model
• Fade Margin
• Annual Availability
Link Report
• Example of Link Report

TR Annual rain +
Path TR TR TR Antenna Effective fade Effective fade
Frequenc Polarizatio Antenna multipath
Site name S1 Site name S2 length Radio model S1 Antenna Antenna height (m) margin (dB) margin (dB)
y (MHz) n height (m) availability
(km) model S1 model S2 S2 S1 S2
S1 (%)
IP20C-6-60X-
Brown County Coper Tower 6200 Horizontal 18.14 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 42.7 54.9 23.29 23.29 99.997
IP20C-6-60X-
Brown County Needmore Tower 6200 Horizontal 21.78 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 36.6 85.3 21.68 21.68 99.99237
IP20C-6-60X-
Cunot Tower Hoosier Spencer Tower 6200 Horizontal 16.73 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 46 55 24 24 99.99698
IP20C-11-80X-
East Madison Coper Tower 11000 Horizontal 21.58 A_1501 HP4-107 HP4-107 51.8 54.9 17.83 17.83 99.94277
IP20C-11-80X- VHLP3- VHLP3-
Hoosier Spencer Tower Stine Hill Tower 11000 Horizontal 10.52 A_1501 11W 11W 45.7 45.7 17.44 17.44 99.98546
IP20C-6-60X-
Martinsville Guyed Tower Cunot Tower 6200 Horizontal 30.15 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 57.9 54.9 18.78 18.78 99.92793
IP20C-11-80X- VHLP3-
Martinsville Guyed Tower East Madison 11000 Horizontal 23.03 A_1501 11W HP4-107 54.9 51.8 14.75 14.75 99.88611
IP20C-18-60X-
Martinsville Guyed Tower Martinsville Office 18000 Horizontal 3.72 A_1506 VP2-180A VP2-180A 45.7 51.8 19.17 19.17 99.99379
IP20C-6-60X-
Martinsville Office Coper Tower 6200 Horizontal 10.98 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 51.8 54.9 27.68 27.68 99.99932
IP20C-6-60X-
Stine Hill Tower Needmore Tower 6200 Horizontal 23.06 A_1506 HP6-59 HP6-59 48.4 85.3 21.17 21.17 99.98757
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Radio Link – Network view
• Example: Brown County to Coper Tower
Path Profile Report
• Example
360
340
320
Elevation (m)
300
280
260
240
220
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Path length (18.14 km)
Brown County Frequency (MHz) = 6200.0 Coper Tower
Latitude 39 18 35.63 N K = 1.33 Latitude 39 24 57.60 N
Longitude 086 08 43.68 W %F1 = 100.00 Longitude 086 18 19.90 W
Azimuth 310.55° Azimuth 130.45°
Elevation 299 m ASL Elevation 279 m ASL
Antenna CL 42.7 m AGL Antenna CL 54.9 m AGL
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Transmission details report
• Example of Brown County-Coper Tower

Brown County Coper Tower
Latitude 39 18 35.63 N 39 24 57.60 N
Longitude 086 08 43.68 W 086 18 19.90 W
True azimuth (°) 310.55 130.45
Vertical angle (°) -0.09 -0.04
Elevation (m) 298.70 278.59
Antenna model HP6-59 (TR) HP6-59 (TR)
Antenna file name hp 6-59 hp 6-59
Antenna gain (dBi) 38.90 38.90
Antenna height (m) 42.70 54.90
Connector loss (dB) 0.30 0.30
Circulator branching loss (dB) 3.50 3.50
Frequency (MHz) 6200.00
Polarization Horizontal
Path length (km) 18.14
Free space loss (dB) 133.49
Atmospheric absorption loss (dB) 0.16
Net path loss (dB) 63.45 63.45
Radio model IP20C-6-60X-A_1506 IP20C-6-60X-A_1506
Radio file name ip20c-6-60x-a ip20c-6-60x-a
Emission designator 60M0D7W 60M0D7W
Climatic factor 1.00
Terrain roughness (m) 23.34
C factor 0.57
Average annual temperature (°C) 10.00
Fade occurrence factor (Po) 1.275E-002
Polarization Horizontal
Proprietary and Confidential Rain region Indianapolis, Indiana 189
Link Budget
• Example
RX threshold level Receive signal Thermal fade Flat fade margin -
TX power (dBm) EIRP (dBm)
(dBm) (dBm) margin (dB) multipath (dB)
2KQAM 534-653Mbps 23.00 23.00 -52.25 -52.25 58.10 58.10 -40.45 -40.45 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80
1KLQAM 464-567Mbps 25.00 25.00 -52.25 -52.25 60.10 60.10 -38.45 -38.45 13.80 13.80 13.80 13.80
1KHQAM 493-602Mbps 25.00 25.00 -54.25 -54.25 60.10 60.10 -38.45 -38.45 15.80 15.80 15.80 15.80
512QAM 427-521Mbps 25.00 25.00 -57.75 -57.75 60.10 60.10 -38.45 -38.45 19.30 19.30 19.30 19.30
256QAM 397-485Mbps 27.00 27.00 -59.75 -59.75 62.10 62.10 -36.45 -36.45 23.30 23.30 23.30 23.30
128QAM 344-420Mbps 27.00 27.00 -62.75 -62.75 62.10 62.10 -36.45 -36.45 26.30 26.30 26.30 26.30
64QAM 284-348Mbps 27.00 27.00 -65.75 -65.75 62.10 62.10 -36.45 -36.45 29.30 29.30 29.30 29.30
32QAM 232-283Mbps 27.00 27.00 -68.75 -68.75 62.10 62.10 -36.45 -36.45 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30
16QAM 176-215Mbps 28.00 28.00 -70.50 -70.50 63.10 63.10 -35.45 -35.45 35.05 35.05 35.05 35.05
QPSK 87-106Mbps 28.00 28.00 -83.50 -83.50 63.10 63.10 -35.45 -35.45 48.05 48.05 48.05 48.05
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Availability Report
• Example
Worst month multipath Annual multipath Annual rain Total annual (2 way) Time in mode (2 way)
2KQAM 534-653Mbps 99.9158 99.9158 99.9789 99.9789 99.9997 99.9997 99.9575 99.9575
1KLQAM 464-567Mbps 99.9469 99.9469 99.9867 99.9867 99.9998 99.9998 99.9732 0.0157
1KHQAM 493-602Mbps 99.9665 99.9665 99.9916 99.9916 99.9999 99.9999 99.9831 0.0099
512QAM 427-521Mbps 99.9850 99.9850 99.9963 99.9963 99.9999 99.9999 99.9925 0.0093
256QAM 397-485Mbps 99.9940 99.9940 99.9985 99.9985 99.9999 99.9999 99.9970 0.0045
128QAM 344-420Mbps 99.9970 99.9970 99.9992 99.9992 99.9999 99.9999 99.9985 0.0015
64QAM 284-348Mbps 99.9985 99.9985 99.9996 99.9996 99.9999 99.9999 99.9992 0.0008
32QAM 232-283Mbps 99.9992 99.9992 99.9998 99.9998 99.9999 99.9999 99.9996 0.0004
16QAM 176-215Mbps 99.9996 99.9996 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9998 0.0002
QPSK 87-106Mbps 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 99.9999 0.0002
What was discussed

✓ Roles and responsibilities of Installer/Technician
✓ Installation Process
✓ Technical Site Survey Document for your site
✓ Site RFI ( Ready For Installation)
✓ Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
✓ Equipment Bill Of Material
✓ Radio Frequency Planning Document – Link Budget
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Thank You
Antenna Handling, Rigging and Installation

Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Training
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Agenda
• General Antenna Instructions and Procedures
• Propagation Report
• Using a Compass
• Antenna hoisting, assembly and mounting
Equipment Inspection – Inspecting Rigging Equipment

• Rigging Team is:
• Responsible for regular checks on their equipment
• Fully trained to recognize unacceptable wear or damage to equipment.
• Winch: Service at planned regular intervals
• Winch Cable (steel): Check for fraying, cuts and kinking, wound correctly onto the winch
• Rope (fiber) : Check for fraying of fibers, cuts and contamination from oil, grease etc. and build up
of dirt/grit inside strands that will cause internal fiber wear
• Shackles :Check for pin or bow wear, thread damage or distortion of the bow.
• Pulley Block: lubricate, check for wear to the groove, looseness of pins and wear or damage of
the pulley groove.
• Slings: Check for cuts, fraying, contamination.
CERAGON can and will reject any item of equipment and have it removed from the
site if considered unsuitable or unsafe for its intended use.
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Site Safety
• Rigging to be done by trained and experienced riggers.

• All rigging workers – valid climbing certificate in the country of
CERAGON’s project operations
• Equipped with complete, inspected, Safety Rated equipment.
Communications when Hoisting

• Establishing standard hand signaling is vital to the safety of personnel and the security of the
equipment. Do not rely on voice alone – wind, vehicle and industrial noise can suppress voice
commands.
• Hand Signals
• Use 2-Way Radio Communications

• On tall towers and buildings, where distance or obstructions may degrade voice or hide hand signals,
use radio communications – hands free preferred
• Using cell phones, ensure everyone has plenty of credit and a battery charger!
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Read the Manual
• When working with antenna, ALWAYS read and follow the manufacturer’s documentation
for safe handling, assembly and hoisting procedures.
• Always adjust the rigging method to suit the size and weight of load to be hoisted.
• Always protect the antenna and interface steelwork from contact with the ground when
assembling – use timber or other suitable material
• Always ensure sufficient personnel are on site to cover all possible eventualities
Follow Procedures
Tower Interface:
• To keep the hoisting weight to a minimum – first, assemble and mount the antenna to tower
interface onto the tower leg/face.
• Ensure that the tubular column is vertical before mounting the antenna. Check all bolts are
properly tightened.
Antenna:
• Adjust the feed horn polarity and place a temporary seal over the port
• Hoist and mount the antenna. Perform course antenna alignment using a magnetic compass.
• Use a spirit level on the rear of the antenna and bring it into vertical.
• Tighten all antenna bolts and secure the side strut(s) to the tower
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Propagation Report
• Antenna height and direction - in the propagation report for the radio hop.
• An antennas offset, if leg or face mounted and where to anchor side strut - installers/riggers.
• Making the right decisions is important for the long term integrity of the antenna system
Site A Antenna Data Site B

10.037N – 10.744W Coordinates 09.834N – 10.861W
Main Space Main Space
HPX8-6.5 Antenna Type HPX8-6.5
50.0 ANTENNA HEIGHT(m) 45.0
220.00 º DIRECTION OF SHOOT 40.00º
- 7 degrees Angle of Elevation + / - + 7 degrees
Vertical Polarization Vertical
Magnetic Compass
• Used incorrectly, a Compass will give wrong information possibly leading to time consuming and costly
readjustment or even relocation of antenna – before using a compass make sure everyone fully
understands what external influences can affect compass readings and therefore how to avoid errors.
Can be used to establish:
• Antenna direction of shoot
• Where best to mount the antenna - leg or face mount
• If the Antenna should be left or right offset – preliminary
By knowing the above and knowing the height of the antenna it will be possible to further establish:
HAND HELD MAGNETIC COMPASS
• If suitable positions are available to anchor side struts
• If there are any conflicts with the proposed antenna position
• If there is a requirement to structurally strengthen the tower at the antenna position:
• if the tower is built this can be decided during the survey
• If the tower is still to be constructed, this can be established from tower design drawings where available)
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Magnetic Declination
Can antenna be lowered or raised ? Ask first!

• Sometimes raising or lowering antenna can make all the difference for a good anchoring
position.
• Consider antennas planned to be installed just below or above the current position.
ANTENNA DOWNWARDS:
• Higher risk of the radio beam meeting an obstruction and causing signal fading
ANTENNA UPWARDS:
• Lower risk as ground obstructions - antenna can sometimes be raised higher than the plan
• Seek permission first, because there is extra cost
ONCE ANTENNA & FEEDER INSTALLED, IF NEEDED:
• A higher antenna can be lowered (i.e. cables can be shortened)
• A lower antenna can be raised – but, will the existing cable be long
• No Splicing & Joining cables is permitted.
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Antenna Components
• Parabolic Reflector
• Feeder system with feedhorn.
• Radome
• Rim
• Shield
• Wind Absorber
Antenna
• Antenna design varies

• This results in changes to:
• Assembly procedure
• Dimensions
• Before installing any antenna always read, understand and

follow installation instructions
• Confirm the dimensions and the assembled antenna weight
before hoisting
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Antenna – Lubricants and Torques

BOLTED FASTENERS, TORQUE AND LOCK NUTS
• Correct antenna assembly is necessary to guarantee long term stability throughout its operational life. Pay special attention to
achieving the correct arrangement and tightening of all bolt fasteners, follow strictly the instructions provided with the
equipment in the form of drawings and bulletins.
• Torque data for each type of bolt fastener is provided by the antenna manufacturer, use it !
Recommended torque values may

vary from different antenna
manufacturers and metal type. Lubricants
will also reduce friction and alter the
amount of torque needed to fully tighten
a bolt.
Always check each assembly bulletin
delivered with the antenna
GREASE, LUBRICANTS AND THREAD LOCKING COMPOUNDS

• Become familiar with the proper application of greases, lubricants and thread locking compounds (i.e. LOCTITE) that are
variously used on a number of CERAGON components such as gaskets and bolted fasteners for Antenna, ODU, Branching Box
and Waveguide Assemblies. Full instructions are provided with each assembly bulletin. Apply as instructed, use only where
stated.
Thread assemblies
Functions of a threaded assembly:
1. Create clamp force
2. Maintain clamp force
3. Allow disassembly
Why do threaded assemblies fail?
A. Gaps between nuts and bolts.
B. Vibration & side-to-side movement.
C. Expansion/contraction & loosening
Disassembly is not always possible, because in certain conditions the

nut and bolt can seize together. Seizing can lead to:
• Corrosion or rust, or different parts assemblies (galvanic corrosion)
• Galling (friction welding)
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Antenna – Thread Locking Compounds (eg Loctite)

• Single-component adhesives that cure in the absence of air and in contact with
active metal They completely fill all voids between the interfacing threads.
• How do I use a thread locker? To achieve optimum performance all parts must be
clean and free of contaminants (e.g. oil, grease)
Typical properties of thread-locking fluids

Torque to break Torque to continue Temperature
Type Typical color code
free turning range
Low strength ■ Purple 62 in-lb (7 N-m) 27 in-lb (3 N-m) −54 to 149 °C
Medium strength ■ Blue 115 in-lb (12 N-m) 53 in-lb (6 N-m) −54 to 149 °C
Medium strength
■ Blue 180 in-lb (20 N-m) 62 in-lb (7 N-m) −54 to 149 °C
surface insensitive
High strength ■ Red 230 in-lb (25 N-m) 225 in-lb (25 N-m) −54 to 149 °C
High temperature ■ Red 180 in-lb (20 N-m) 270 in-lb (30 N-m) −54 to 232 °C
Penetrating ■ Green 90 in-lb (10 N-m) 310 in-lb (35 N-m) −54 to 149 °C
Installing: Ultra high Performance Antenna

• Dual polarized feed horn for some UHX antennas have asymmetrical radiation patterns that produce a lower side lobe on one side.
• In the example ANDREW feed horn shown here the ‘better side’ is the side marked in red, which, when installed to the left or right can
reduce any potential interference at that side.
• If a ‘better side’ has been specified ensure the feed horn has been correctly orientated before beginning to align the antenna.
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UHX Asymmetrical Radiation pattern example
What is Antenna offset?

• Offsetting antenna is simply orienting the dish either to the left side or right side of the pole mount. This does not affect the
antenna’s polarization.
OFFSET LEFT OFFSET RIGHT
• The offset option allows us to more stabilizing position of the antenna by side struts.
• Can simplify feeder installation and make access easier
• With the antenna illustrated above, this is done by adjusting the mount frame at the rear of the antenna.
• In this example the main antenna dish is not rotated, but this can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer
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Offsetting a 0.3m - 0.6m Value Line Antenna
Side Strut The function of a side strut is to transfer the wind loading
on a antenna back to the tower structure
WIND
If the side strut is not installed correctly the antenna will

become unstable !
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Determine Strut Orientation

• Suitable mounting points must be provided on the tower
• For structural efficiency the struts should be installed parallel to the antenna axis
• When not possible the struts maybe positioned within an angular 'cone’ relative to the reflector axis.
Typical limitations for side strut installation!

Side Strut – Alignment

• Side strut(s) parallel to the boresight of the antenna will provide optimum stability for the antenna
Azimuth strut parallel to antenna boresight
TOP ANTENNA BORESIGHT
Fixed strut parallel to antenna boresight
SIDE ANTENNA BORESIGHT
108
7/17/2017
One or More Side Struts

• Side Strut - installed within the angular limits stated in the bulletin.
• Manufacturers instructions must be followed.
• Before installing an antenna:
• establish where the side strut(s) will be anchored
• ensure the side strut assembly is suitable for the size.
• confirm the bracket assembly can be rotated
• Bracket assemblies must be from high grade steel, hot dipped galvanized
• If antenna fails, Ceragon is responsible for the repair and replacement
• The Customer looses revenue !

• CERAGON may loose a Customer !
Basic Antenna Data
Initial coarse antenna alignment should permit panning within the adjustment range of the hardware
Riggers must know the weight of an antenna assembly before hoisting - example data only is shown here
Mandatory = minimum. Antenna may require more side strut than shown here under some conditions
109
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Tower Space
• Tower space is valuable Real Estate, DO NOT WASTE IT!
• Keep side strut angles within limits
• Be considerate of future antenna installation, don’t cause
obstructions
• Cut side strut to keep the climbing area clear
• Treat exposed cuts with zinc rich paint compound
• If multiple side strut, it is vital that positions are established
before attempting to install the antenna.
• Install it right first time!
Avoiding Injuries
• Keep the climbing area inside the tower free of obstructions that may inflict injury
• Plan carefully how the antenna should be mounted onto the tower
• It’s easier to prepare a correct offset on the ground rather than trying to make changes after the antenna has been
installed
110
7/17/2017
Antenna - Offsetting
• If the antenna boresight aligns closely to the diagonal of the tower or,
perpendicular to the tower face, offsetting ‘left’ or ‘right’ may make little
difference.
• Mounting decision should be based on
• optimum feeder run,
• side strut anchorage
• service access
• Using the short side strut arrangement will provide better stability if a solid
anchorage can be established on the tower structure.
Wrong Choice of Offset!

• Where an antenna has been offset too far from the tower it
becomes difficult to stabilize as fewer options remain
available where to anchor side strut.
• High wind speeds will increase antenna movement
• Antenna movement will increase signal fading
• Antenna movement may loosen or damage side support arm

linkage
• With an arrangement such as this finding a solution to also
supporting the feeder cable becomes complicated and costly
!
• Also service access to the antenna has increased risks !
111
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Getting it Wrong – in the Real World!

Side strut angle provides
no support to the Antenna Antenna should be offset left or
moved to adjacent leg
With this orientation the side

strut should have been positioned
here on the rear frame
Maintenance access to the

antenna is more difficult with this
arrangement
Waveguide requires extra

standoff support
Antenna azimuth inoperable A modest downwards height adjustment would have placed this
from this angle – could not have Antenna in a better position to anchor the side strut
been used to pan the Antenna
Side Strut Employment

A side strut has a job to do, but not all of it is actually employed.
If the redundant part of the side strut becomes an obstruction, cut it off, but only after the
antenna is finally aligned !
Just remember to treat any cuts with zinc rich paint compound.
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Adding Protection
With a good hacksaw blade it takes less than a couple minutes to cut a side strut
If you must cut a side strut always seal the end with zinc rich cold galvanizing compound
Stop Ring
A Stop Ring may not always be provided in Before fixing the Stop Ring decide first antenna
the kit, if it is, always use it height.
The Stop Ring provides a platform to rotate Minor vertical adjustment of the stop ring should be
the antenna and additional security considered if side strut limits are difficult to achieve
and/or side strut brackets cannot be positioned to
Installation Tip suit the side strut angle
Some antenna mount may not rotate For waveguide, ensure there is sufficient space for
smoothly over the stop ring when panning connecting to the feedhorn and tolerance to pan
the antenna. the antenna.
This can often be overcome if the antenna When a stop ring is not provided, it is important to
direction is perpendicular to the stop ring set the direction of shoot as accurately as possible.
joint
113
7/17/2017
Antenna Column Verticality

Confirm column verticality If the column is not vertical it is important
using a spirit level. to correct this before installing the antenna
otherwise some difficulty can be
First, always check that the spirit level is experienced when panning the antenna
working accurately
Finally, check that all bolts are correctly
The, check along one side then move the tightened
spirit level around the column and check
again.
Feed horn Port(s)

DUAL POLARIZED FEEDHORN
• Keep the open ports on the feed horn sealed

• On dual polarized feed horn, a termination load should be fitted to
the unused port.
• It is important to fit a gasket kit to obtain an air/water tight seal.
• Install the termination load at ground level.
114
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Hoisting Antenna To prevent the antenna

rolling forward secure
Before hoisting an antenna double check here with a rope
(use two experience people) all rigging
equipment, knots, pulley, shackle etc.
Check that ground to tower

communications is operating
Refer to the antenna

bulletin for sling positions
Check sling/rope rating

Attach ropes to prevent against weight of antenna
the antenna spinning
during hoisting
Don’t place any load on

Use two separate ropes, one the weaker front edge of
each side of the antenna if the antenna – keep it
better control is needed clear off the ground
Deploy enough personnel to ALWAYS place protection between

control this pay rope to the ground and the antenna
prevent the antenna striking
the tower or other antenna
Hoisting Antenna
The pay rope should be looped around a tree or

immovable object a distance from the tower
approximately equal to the installed height of the
antenna. The rope controlled at all times by one person
Pay
Rope
Approx. 45º
Hoist
WINCH Rope /
Cable
When using a winch make
sure it is well restrained
against any movement
When hoisting manually loop the free end of rope through a
safe anchor point to brake and support the load should the
hoisting be halted or those hoisting the antenna need rest.
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Gin Pole
Mounting larger antenna at the very top of a tower can be Therefore, always use a well
difficult and risky if the right equipment is not used. designed gin pole to minimise risk !
It is important to position the pulley block as high as
possible above the antenna
Summary / Checklist
✓ Important to set out accurately the antenna’s direction of shoot using a magnetic compass
✓ Decide if the antenna is to be leg mounted or face mounted
✓ Choose which antenna offset will provide best option for antenna stability
✓ Confirm the antenna can be rotated through azimuth without any conflicts
✓ Ensure that side support arm will have good anchorage and will not exceed angle limits
✓ Decide if additional structural members are needed for antenna stability
✓ If permissible, raise or lower the antenna to establish a better position (seek permission!)
✓ Keep antenna column close as possible to the tower and must be vertical
✓ Ensure the waveguide will not be in conflict with structural members
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What was discussed

✓ Equipment inspection
✓ On site delivery
✓ Moving & Storing Antenna/s
✓ Transporting antennas and products
✓ General Antenna Instructions and Procedures
✓ Propagation Report
✓ Using a Compass
✓ Antenna hoisting, assembly and mounting
2
3
Thank You
117
7/17/2017
Antenna Alignment
Ceragon Installation Training
Agenda
• Why do we align the antenna?
• Hop Data
• Column Support
• Stop Ring usage
• Antenna Coarse alignment
• Tools needed
• Azimuth, Elevation
• Radiation Pattern, Main and Side lobes
• Antenna Alignment, Cross Polarized and Spatial Diversity Scenarios
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Before you begin!
• Before you begin to align antenna it is important that good installation practice has been
followed and antenna are correctly set up.
• Always have the manufacturer’s notes or Installation guides available and READ them!
Why do we align antenna ?

• Antenna are aligned to achieve the maximum Received Signal Strength (or, input level) at each end of a radio hop
(i.e. at each facing antenna).
How to align antenna ?
• First step is always to study the installation bulletin - they are not all the same !
• Panning is the operation carried out to align an antenna through:
• Azimuth (horizontal plane)
• Elevation (vertical plane)
• The antenna bulletin will normally list what the minimum tool requirement is to pan the antenna.
• Aligning an antenna is not just a simple matter of using a few tools – difficulties can arise trying to establish the
signal, and when they do, having the ability to interpret the received signal can mean all the difference between
having a successful or, deeply frustrating day !
119
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Link Data / Hop Data
• When setting the radio hop remember: Geographical, Physical and Performance
Characteristics will be unique to each Station / Antenna – make a note !
Site A Antenna Data Site B

10.037N – 10.744W Co-ordinates 09.834N – 10.861W
Main Space Main Space
HPX8-6.5 Antenna Type HPX8-6.5
220.00 º DIRECTION OF SHOOT 40.00º
- 7º Angle of Elevation + / - +7º
Vertical Polarization Vertical
-42 dBM RSSI -42 dBM
Pole Mount - Verticality

Always check the pole mount for verticality by using a spirit level
Vertical Vertical
An out of plumb pole mount will add ‘avoidable’ complications.
PLAN VIEW OF TOWER

ARROWS INDICATING
DIRECTION OF TOWER
FACE AND LEG SLOPE
COLUMN SUPPORT
MUST BE VERTICAL
PLUMB TWO FACETS
USING SPIRIT LEVEL
TOWER LEG TOWER LEG

‘front view’ ‘side view’
120
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Pole Mount out of Vertical One Face
With column support leaning back towards the

tower (verticality out one facet) the feed horn
will respond by tracking the lines of travel
shown above.
Antenna alignment will become more
complicated when column verticality is incorrect.
Stop Ring
• Stop ring are normally delivered together with larger antenna and must be
fitted to the column.
• The stop ring provides a platform for the antenna when panning and will
prevent the antenna sliding down the column, which could damage the
waveguide
• They can also be used to marginally adjust the vertical position of the
antenna up or down the column to improve side strut installation.
• With most smaller antenna, stop ring are not needed as the azimuth /
elevation adjustment is independent from the mount bracket
• However, any coarse alignment error outside the antenna’s adjustment
range would require the mount bracket to be loosened – before you do
this fit a temporary stop ring. Carry a spare in your vehicle
121
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Azimuth and Elevation Range

• Note how the adjustment range for azimuth and elevation diminishes as antenna diameter increases
• This table is presented as a guide only – always check the antenna adjustment range from the installation bulletin
provided by the antenna Manufacturer.
Antenna Coarse Alignment

MARKER Do not attempt to use a magnetic compass when
working around or inside the tower as magnetic
AZIMUTH interference can be considerable
• The adjustment range reduces as the diameter increases.
• Setting out coarse alignment is very important.
• Use magnetic compass or GPS/phone compass.
• Confirm magnetic declination for your area, adjust the compass and bearings.
• Move some distance away from the tower – interference from tower.
• Establish Azimuth, place a marker into the ground Note: Do not cut the side
strut until the antenna is
• Stretch a rope between the tower and marker. finally aligned
• Bring the antenna into alignment with the rope.
• Carry out this same procedure with the antenna on other end
122
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Antenna - Verticality
• After coarse azimuth bring antenna vertical using a spirit level
• This must be carried out with antennas both sides of the hop, before beginning final alignment.
• The antenna is now set and ready for final alignment – fix the side strut(s) and secure these to
the tower.
• Before alignment, using water proof pen, mark the starting
position of the antenna on the azimuth (side strut),

elevation bolt or column.
• If you run into difficulties this will make it possible
to return to the original position.

• For reference, as each side lobe is encountered,
use a pen to mark their position on the adjustment bolt.

• Alternatively, use the lock nuts as markers.
Antenna Alignment - Preliminaries

Before you start, ensure the following are prepared:
• No obvious obstructions will impede the antenna line of sight
• Antenna column support is vertical on two facet 90º apart
• Stop Ring – is installed and secure (if part of antenna kit)
• Antenna is carefully coarse aligned along a magnetic
• Antenna is brought into vertical position with spirit level
• No obstructions to hinder panning the antenna or obstruct the waveguide –
sufficient hanger and standoff support are loosened for some distance back
from the antenna to allow free movement of the waveguide (optionally use a
use a flex-twist as a temporary arrangement)
• Fixed side strut are loosened
• Feed horn polarization is the same on both sides.
• Where applicable ‘better side’ set and the feedhorn port is levelled
123
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Antenna Alignment - Tools
As a minimum, the following tools should be

available:
• Digital Multimeter with test leads
• BNC – 2xBanana Test Connector
• Spirit Level
• Spanners – for sizes, refer to the Bulletin provided with the antenna
• Binoculars – useful for identification of the far station and
obstructions
• Note: when aligning space diversity (SD) antenna via the radio unit
on a ‘branching box’ a length of single pair cable should be
available to permit extending the digital multi-meter down to the
diversity antenna
Protecting Waveguide
• It often happens to forget what’s happening to the waveguide.
• Waveguide can easily become stressed and may break if it meets
resistance.
• Waveguide is most vulnerable where it enters the connector.
• Resistance increases considerably along the waveguide’s H plane.
• Waveguide runs - planned to ensure no conflicts when aligning.
• Loosen enough support to so that waveguide has free movement.
• Check that waveguide is not stressed or ran up against obstruction.
124
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Feed horn
• Before commencing alignment confirm the feed horn is levelled – if not – bring it into level
using a spirit level on the top of the waveguide flange.
• This must be done for all feed horns at both sides of the link.
• Loosen the feed horn retaining bolts sufficiently to allow it to rotate smoothly by hand.
• Never use force or any metal on the copper guide to increase leverage, hands only.
• Remember to tighten all bolts back to the original torque
Preparing for Azimuth

• Fit a Stop Ring, then Loosen U
Bolt 2a & 2b
• Loosen the pivot bolt 3a
• Loosen the two locking 4a and
4b
• Two locknuts can used to
temporarily mark positions of
the side lobes – the mid point
approximating the main lobe. TIP: for best control when fine
tuning azimuth & elevation use
two spanners simultaneously
while monitoring signal
strength at all times.
Apply the same method when
tightening the locknuts
125
7/17/2017
TIP: use the same two

Preparing for Elevation spanner method when fine
tuning on the elevation bolt.
Tighten bolts incrementally .
• Lock down Azimuth, Start: see earlier slide

Monitor the
signal level
constantly via
• The antenna illustrated has the digital multi-
two elevation bolts 5a and metre.
5b - only one needs to be

used for adjustment. Either Locking down Elevation:
bolt can be used.
Start:
• The second elevation bolt
should be
fully loosened to allow free
movement of the
antenna. In this example the
top bolt 5a is
being used for panning.
• Loosen bolts 3b and 6 to
allow the antenna
to rotate through vertical
Preparing for Elevation TIP: use the same two

spanner method when fine
see earlier slide tuning on the elevation bolt.
Tighten bolts incrementally .
• Lock down Azimuth, Start:
Monitor the signal level
• The antenna illustrated has two constantly via the digital
elevation bolts 5a and 5b - only one multi-meter.
needs to be used for adjustment.
Either bolt can be used.
• The second elevation bolt should To lock down
be fully loosened to allow free Elevation:
movement of the antenna. In this
example the top bolt 5a is being
used for panning.
• Loosen bolts 3b and 6 to allow the
antenna to rotate through vertical
126
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RSSI through Multi-meter

• Remove the dust cap from the RSSI and fit the BNC(x2) Banana Connector
• Connect a Digital Multimeter: the voltage reading has a direct correlation to the received signal strength in dBM – see RSSI Diagram
• Number after .decimal shows conversion from Received Signal Level, for e.g.: 1.48Volts means an RSL of -48dBm(+-2dB variance)
• Put dust cap back once antenna alignment is done.
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm 253
Branching Box with Space Diversity
• Aligning a space diversity antenna is exactly the same.

Diversity
• To use the convenient to digital multi-meter down at the spacing is
commonly 10
diversity antenna level simply run a length of single pair cable metre,
but can vary.
from the branching box unit down to the diversity antenna 15-20 metre
of single
level. pair cable
would cover
most
installation
needs
127
7/17/2017
Antenna Elevation – something to keep in mind

• When aligning antenna be aware of the angle of elevation between two facing antenna.
• While this may not be significant over longer hops, it can become an important issue over short hops.
• Knowing where look for the signal – above or below horizontal - can be a considerable time saver
• CHECK THE HOP’S PROFILE FOR THIS INFORMATION
250m AMSL
LEVEL 150m AMSL
250m AMSL
LEVEL
150m AMSL
The Received Signal Level
• Attaining the signal strength exactly as predicted is not always possible under actual field
conditions but, a maximum signal strength is.
• This is the signal that technicians must establish to ensure optimum system performance
across the radio hop.
128
7/17/2017
Lobes – Peaks, Troughs and dBm

• Understanding to interpret the received signal can save technicians considerable time when aligning antenna.
• Observing the changes in received signal strength as the antenna is panned can provide valuable information to where the receiving
antenna is pointing relative to the transmitting antenna. Technicians often mistake the received signal from a side lobe for that of the main
beam.
• Once antennas aligned the receive signal should be within 2-3 dB of the calculated signal level.
Beam Width
-3dBM
Note: view table to see how the

3dB beam width diminishes with
increased antenna diameter
114mmØ (4½”) Antenna Pole Mount Take care when panning the
antenna and be aware that:
1º of Antenna Rotation =
1 mm of Distance Travelled 1º of antenna rotation
around a standard 114mmØ
column only requires 1mm
of antenna movement
For the 1.8mØ antenna 0.8º

highlighted here this is less
than 0.8º rotation to the -
Proprietary and Confidential 3dB point 258
129
7/17/2017
Antenna Alignment - Azimuth

Confirm this as a 1st. side lobe – so continue
to pan beyond the peak of the lobe
• It’s important to distinguish between which are the side lobes and
what is the main beam
Receiving Antenna, 1st. SIDE LOBE

1.40 V Transmission
Transmitting Antenna
Muted AZIMUTH
MAIN BEAM
TOP VIEW
1st. SIDE LOBE
Confirm this as a 1st. side lobe – so continue

to pan beyond the peak of the lobe 259
Antenna Alignment - Elevation

• Determine if the antenna should be above or below horizontal plane then pan the antenna in that direction.
• At this point, it should not be necessary to find the side lobes along elevation – just to fine tune to the maximum received signal strength
• If the vertical angle is large, adjust the angle of elevation, possibly repeating azimuth panning before the maximum strength signal is established.
Example -7 degrees elevation

1.40 V Receiving Antenna
ELEVATION
1st. SIDE LOBE

Transmitting Antenna
HORIZONTAL
SIDE VIEW
MAIN BEAM
1st. SIDE LOBE
Continue to pan beyond the

peak of the 1st lobe 260
130
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Final Alignment – including Space Diversity
• The following procedure covers a Space Diversity System.

• For 1+0 link with single antenna, disregard references to the Space antenna.
• Use the main antenna to transmit the aligning signal.
• The receiving antenna (i.e. the antenna that is being aligned) should have its signal
transmission muted to avoid any interference from cross over.
Configuration Channel 1 Channel 2 or Channel 3 Channel 4

Protection
1+0 Transmit N/A N/A N/A
1+1 HS Transmit Mute N/A N/A
2+0 Transmit Mute N/A N/A
3+0 Transmit Mute Mute N/A
3+1 Transmit Mute Mute Mute

1st Stage - Antenna Alignment

Site A - transmit from main antenna Site B – align main antenna
toward Site A to receive best
MAIN
initial input level
• Only A is transmitting
MAIN
• B is receiving on Main and SD SPACE
• Alignment is done on B with Note: Space Diversity SPACE

antenna will not transmit
multimeter to the RSSI port. Site B – align Space antenna
toward Site A Main for best
• Obtain best RSL on site B. Site A initial input level
• Both sites should be manned by Site B

Technicians and Riggers
SPACE
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
• x = not transmitting, only

receiving
131
7/17/2017
2nd Stage - Antenna Alignment

Site A – align main antenna toward Site B
to receive best input level
MAIN Site B – Transmit from
main antenna
MAIN
Site A – align space SPACE
diversity antenna
toward Site B Main SPACE
to receive best input
level
Site A
Site B
Note: Space
Diversity antenna
SPACE
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
will not transmit
3rd and Final Stage - Antenna Alignment

Site A - transmit from main antenna Site B – mute transmit and align main antenna to Site A
MAIN
MAIN
SPACE
SPACE
Site B – Space antenna
align toward Site A
Note: Space Diversity Site A

antenna will not
normally transmit
Site B
x = not transmitting,
SPACE
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
only receiving
132
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Cross Polarization Adjustment

• Following final alignment of antenna both sides of the hop feedhorn should be optimized for correct
horizontal/vertical polarization to achieve maximum Cross Polarization Discrimination.
• This is performed using a spirit level.
• Final Control
• When all adjustments are performed check that the input level agrees with the one theoretically calculated. If the
input level is too low, adjust the antennas once more. Finally, ensure that all bolts, nuts and stays are properly
mounted and all hanger and standoff support are secured.

DUAL POLARIZED FEEDHORN 265
Before Leaving Site

Site A – transmit to Site B Site B – transmit to Site A
MAIN
MAIN
SPACE
SPACE
Ensure that the Radio’s at both sites are

Site A correctly configured to transmit and receive
Site B
SPACE
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
133
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What was discussed?

✓ Why do we align the antenna?
✓ Hop Data
✓ Column Support
✓ Stop Ring usage
✓ Antenna Coarse alignment
✓ Tools needed
✓ Azimuth, Elevation
✓ Radiation Pattern, Main and Side lobes
✓ Antenna Alignment, Cross Polarized and Spatial Diversity Scenarios
Thank You
134
7/17/2017
IP-20C Product Overview

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135
7/17/2017

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7/17/2017
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7/17/2017
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7/17/2017

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140
7/17/2017
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• Backhaul & Fronthaul
• For Any LOCATION
• “1 Gbps in a Box” that can even fit in street corners MULTICORE RADIO
Breaking the capacity barriers in licensed bands, in order to

help you deliver gigabits anywhere in your network
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FibeAir IP-20C – Multi Core Architecture
FibeAir IP-20C
• IP-20C is the 1st product Combine Multicore Radio, 2048 QAM Modulation and Line-of-
sight 4x4 MIMO in a Compact All-outdoor Design
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FibeAir IP-20C Multi Core Radio

• MultiCore Radio - Parallel radio processing engine that can double your radio capacity, distance and
availability any way you want
• Enabled by Ceragon’s unique in-house chipset technology
MODEM RFIC
Capacity Innovations – LoS 4x4 MIMO
• LoS: Line-of-Sight
• MIMO: Multiple-Input & Multiple-Output
• LoS 4x4 MIMO: Quadruples radio throughput using the same spectrum, at half the form-
factor
Enhanced by MultiCore innovation
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Line-of-Sight (LOS) MIMO 4 x Capacity on the SAME CHANNEL!

• Using the a single channel to quadruple the capacity
• 2 x IP-20C units at each site
• Simple direct mount installation
• Supports 28MHz, 40MHz, 56MHz

Site 2
V
V
H 1Gbps on a single
30/28 MHz channel
H
Site 1
Upgrading the Capacity without network re-planning
System Gain Benefit using MultiCore

1+0 MultiCore 2+0 DP
11dB f1
f1
1024 to 64QAM
+
30/28MHz
30/28MHz 2dB
Adaptive Tx power
due to QAM change
226Mbps 2 x 133 = 266Mbps

1024QAM 64 QAM
13dB!
Addition to System
Gain
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System Gain Benefit using MIMO

MultiCore 2+0 XPIC 4X4 MIMO
3dB f1
f1
Operating in MIMO
+
30/28MHz
28MHz
30/28MHz 11dB
1024 to 64QAM V
+
2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
452Mbps 4 x 133 = 532Mbps
1024QAM 64 QAM
16dB!
Addition to System
Gain
Spectrum Decongestion using MIMO

1+0 SISO 2X2 MIMO
3ft 3ft
6ft 6ft MIMO

3ft 3ft
MIMO
6 GHz Same link 11 GHz

Congested spectrum Parameters
(30Km, 99.999%) Unclogged spectrum
The Effect on System Gain:

7dB
+14dB Shift from
1+0 SISO 2X2 MIMO system gain improvement Congested 6GHz
to
6GHz 11GHz -7dB
Link budget loss
Unclogged 11GHz
X2 Smaller
antennas and even
gain ~7dB
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FibeAir IP-20C Supports High Modulation – 2048QAM
• Providing high modulation and keeping high system gain

Header De-
Duplication
(Optional)
260Mbps
(2048 QAM)
2048QAM
240Mbps 1024QAM
(1024QAM)
High 16QAM,... 256QAM...

Modulation
BPSK, QPSK
195Mbps
(256 QAM)
28MHz
Radio Capacity is not enough … “Feel” the TCP throughput
• 2Gbit Buffer , With 256 Queues , Each with 64Mbit depth

• Allowing the highest TCP User Throughput
4500
One flow RTT = 70[ms]
4000
2 flows User  Content
3500 4 flows
8 flows
Capacity Mbps
3000
16 flows
2500
"Transport Equipment Buffer Size [Mbit]"="TCP
2000
Throughput [Mbps] ∗ Round Trip Delay[sec]"
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Buffer Size [MB]
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Header De-Duplication
• Header De-Duplication
• De duplication of L2 – L4 headers , including GTP tunnels and MPLS headers
• Operates between 2 ends of the same link
• Does not impact or alter traffic
• Does not affect latency
+30%
Header De-
Header De- 30% Duplication
Duplication
260Mbps
(2048 QAM)
240Mbps
High (1024QAM)
Modulation
195Mbps
(256 QAM)
28MHz

• Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth or to
improve system gain  Longer links
Test Case:
18GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO
452 Mbps
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC
28MHz
1024QAM 9.3 Km
4x4 MIMO
532 Mbps (432Mbps)
28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM) 14.7 Km (16.2km)
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• Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth or to
improve system gain  Longer links
Test Case:
15GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC
452 Mbps
28MHz
1024QAM 10 Km
4x4 MIMO
28MHz 532 Mbps (432Mbps)
64QAM
(32QAM)
Proprietary and Confidential 17 Km (19km) 295
Boost for Capacity and Reduce Latency

• The total switching capacity of IP-20C is 5 Gbps or 3.125 Mpps, whichever capacity limit is reached first.
• IP-20C also utilizes established Ceragon technology to provide low latency, representing a 50% latency
reduction for Ethernet services compared to the industry benchmark for wireless backhaul.
• Another of Ceragon’s innovative features is Frame Cut-Through, which provides unique delay and delay-
variation control for delay-sensitive services.
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Advanced Latency Optimization Techniques

• Unique Delay and delay-variation control for sensitive services (VoLTE / RAN signaling / ToP)
• Lower priority frames do not effect High priority – even if started to be transmitted.
• Transmission of Lower priority frames is resumed after the cut-through with no capacity loss or re-
transmission required
Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS) vs. Standard QoS

Standard QoS
• Differentiation between different traffic classes (CoS) V

Service 1 Voice
• Services within the same traffic class are treated as a single aggregate V
S
Streaming
with no isolation Service 2
S
D
Eth. Ethernet
V traffic Radio
• Limited per-service visibility and control S D
Data
Service 3 D
H-QoS
V
S
• Each service gets its own personalized treatment Service 1
D
Service 1
V
• TDM-grade performance providing per-service full visibility and control
Service 2
S
Service 2
Ethernet
D Radio
(* CET mode only) V
S Service 3
Service 3
D
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UNIQUE FEATURE SET

Extended Modulations ACM 4-2048QAM
Range (11 ACM points)
Frequency bands 6-42GHz
30,40,50,56,60,80MHz (FCC)
Wide range of channels
7,14,28,40,56,80MHz (ETSI)
MultiCore 2+0 Single/Dual Polarization
2 x MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP
System Configurations MultiCore 2+2 SP/DP HSB
2x2 LoS MIMO
4x4 LoS MIMO

Traffic Aware “Smart Pipe”
Traffic Manager
Multi Service, Carrier Ethernet 2.0 Switch
MULTICORE RADIO
Power over Ethernet Proprietary
24x22x10 cm
Small form factor
9.05 x 9.07 x 3.86 in
Ceragon proprietary RFU-C interface
Antennas
Direct and Remote mount - standard flange
CAPACITY (ETSI) 28MHZ ACAP
Minimum Ethernet Throughput

required
Profile Modulation
capacity No L2 Header De-
activation key Compression Compression Duplication
0 QPSK 50 43-52 43-63 45-162

1 8 PSK 50 62-76 62-92 65-236
2 16 QAM 100 87-107 88-129 92-332
3 32 QAM 100 115-140 116-170 121-437
4 64 QAM 150 141-173 143-209 149-538
5 128 QAM 150 170-208 172-252 179-648
6 256 QAM 200 196-239 197-289 206-745
7 512 QAM 200 209-255 210-308 219-794
8 1024 QAM (Strong FEC) 225 228-278 229-336 239-866
9 1024 QAM (Light FEC) 250 241-295 243-356 253-917

10 2048 QAM 250 263-321 265-389 276-1000
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CAPACITY (ETSI) 56MHZ ACAP
Minimum Ethernet Throughput

required
Profile Modulation
activation key Compression Compression Duplication
0 QPSK 100 87-106 88-128 91-331

1 8 PSK 150 127-155 128-187 133-482
2 16 QAM 200 176-215 177-260 185-670
3 32 QAM 250 232-283 233-342 243-881
4 64 QAM 300 284-348 286-420 299-1000
5 128 QAM 350 344-420 346-508 361-1000
6 256 QAM 400 397-485 400-586 416-1000
7 512 QAM 450 426-521 430-630 448-1000
8 1024 QAM (Strong FEC) 450 464-567 467-685 487-1000
9 1024 QAM (Light FEC) 500 493-602 497-728 517-1000

10 2048 QAM 500 534-653 538-789 561-1000
CAPACITY (ETSI) 80MHZ
Profile Modulation Minimum Ethernet Throughput

required
activation Compressio Compressio Duplication
key n n
0 QPSK 100 114-140 115-169 120-435
1 8 PSK 150 162-198 164-240 170-618
2 16 QAM 225 231-283 233-342 243-880
3 32 QAM 300 304-371 306-449 319-1000
4 64 QAM 400 371-454 374-549 390-1000
5 128 QAM 450 439-536 442-649 461-1000
6 256 QAM 500 505-618 509-747 531-1000
7 512 QAM 500 555-679 560-821 583-1000
8 1024 QAM 500 604-738 609-892 634-1000
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TRANSMISSION POWER
Standard Power High Power
28,32, 10-11
6 7 10-11 13-15 18 23 26 42 Modulation 6 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz
Modulation 8 GHz 38 GHz
GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz
GHz
QPSK 25 25 25 23 24 22 20 21 18 15 QPSK 28 28 28 26
8 PSK 25 25 25 23 24 22 20 21 18 15 8 PSK 28 28 28 26
16 QAM 25 24 24 23 23 21 20 20 17 14 16 QAM 28 27 27 26 IP-20C Pmin Power

Frequency Frequency
32 QAM 24 23 23 22 22 20 20 19 16 13 32 QAM 27 26 26 25 Pmin Pmin
Band Band
64 QAM 24 23 23 22 22 20 20 19 16 13 64 QAM 27 26 26 25
6-15 GHz 2 24 GHz ETSI -39
128 QAM 24 23 23 22 22 20 20 19 16 13 128 QAM 27 26 26 25

18-24 GHz -1 26-42 GHz -1
256 QAM 24 23 21 22 20 20 18 17 14 11 256 QAM 27 26 24 25
512 QAM 22 21 21 21 20 18 18 17 14 11 512 QAM 25 24 24 24
1024 QAM 22 21 21 20 20 18 17 16 13 10 1024 QAM 25 24 24 23
2048 QAM 20 19 19 18 18 16 16 15 12 9 2048 QAM 23 22 22 21
THRESHOLD LEVEL ETSI 28MHZ
Channel
Prf Modulation Frequency (GHz)
Spacing
6 7 8 10 11 13 15 18 23 24 26 28-31 23 38 42
0 QPSK -87.5 -87.0 -87.0 -86.5 -87.5 -86.0 -85.5 -87.0 -86.0 -85.5 -85.5 -85.5 -85.0 -84.5 -84.5
1 8 PSK -82.5 -81.5 -81.5 -81.5 -82.5 -81.0 -80.5 -81.5 -81.0 -80.5 -80.5 -80.0 -80.0 -79.5 -79.0
2 16 QAM -81.0 -80.0 -80.0 -80.0 -80.5 -79.5 -79.0 -80.0 -79.0 -78.5 -79.0 -78.5 -78.5 -78.0 -77.5
3 32 QAM -77.0 -76.5 -76.5 -76.0 -77.0 -76.0 -75.0 -76.5 -75.5 -75.0 -75.0 -75.0 -74.5 -74.5 -74.0
4 64 QAM -74.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -74.0 -73.0 -72.5 -73.5 -72.5 -72.0 -72.5 -72.0 -72.0 -71.5 -71.0
5 128 QAM 28MHz -71.0 -70.5 -70.5 -70.0 -71.0 -70.0 -69.0 -70.5 -69.5 -69.0 -69.0 -69.0 -68.5 -68.5 -68.0
ACAP
6 256 QAM -68.0 -67.5 -67.5 -67.0 -68.0 -67.0 -66.0 -67.5 -66.5 -66.0 -66.0 -66.0 -65.5 -65.5 -65.0
7 512 QAM -66.0 -65.5 -65.5 -65.0 -66.0 -64.5 -64.0 -65.5 -64.5 -64.0 -64.0 -64.0 -63.5 -63.0 -63.0
8
1024 QAM
-63.0 -62.0 -62.0 -62.0 -62.5 -61.5 -61.0 -62.0 -61.0 -60.5 -61.0 -60.5 -60.5 -60.0 -59.5
(strong FEC)
9
1024 QAM
-62.0 -61.0 -61.0 -61.0 -62.0 -60.5 -60.0 -61.0 -60.5 -60.0 -60.0 -59.5 -59.5 -59.0 -58.5
(light FEC)
10 2048 QAM -58.0 -57.5 -57.5 -57.0 -58.0 -56.5 -56.0 -57.5 -56.5 -56.0 -56.0 -56.0 -55.5 -55.0 -55.0
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Channel
Prf Modulation Frequency (GHz)
Spacing
6 7 8 10 11 13 15 18 23 24 26 28-31 23 38 42
0 QPSK -84.0 -83.5 -83.5 -83.0 -84.0 -83.0 -82.0 -83.5 -82.5 -82.0 -82.0 -82.0 -81.5 -81.5 -81.0
1 8 PSK -80.0 -79.5 -79.5 -79.0 -80.0 -79.0 -78.0 -79.5 -78.5 -78.0 -78.0 -78.0 -77.5 -77.5 -77.0
2 16 QAM -77.5 -77.0 -77.0 -76.5 -77.5 -76.5 -75.5 -77.0 -76.0 -75.5 -75.5 -75.5 -75.0 -75.0 -74.5
3 32 QAM -74.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -74.0 -73.0 -72.5 -73.5 -72.5 -72.0 -72.5 -72.0 -72.0 -71.5 -71.0
4 64 QAM -71.0 -70.5 -70.5 -70.0 -71.0 -70.0 -69.0 -70.5 -69.5 -69.0 -69.0 -69.0 -68.5 -68.5 -68.0
56MHz
5 128 QAM ACCP -68.5 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -68.0 -67.0 -66.5 -67.5 -66.5 -66.0 -66.5 -66.0 -66.0 -65.5 -65.0
6 256 QAM -65.0 -64.5 -64.5 -64.0 -65.0 -64.0 -63.0 -64.5 -63.5 -63.0 -63.0 -63.0 -62.5 -62.5 -62.0
7 512 QAM -63.0 -62.5 -62.5 -62.0 -63.0 -61.5 -61.0 -62.5 -61.5 -61.0 -61.0 -61.0 -60.5 -60.0 -60.0
1024 QAM
8 -59.5 -59.0 -59.0 -58.5 -59.5 -58.5 -57.5 -59.0 -58.0 -57.5 -57.5 -57.5 -57.0 -57.0 -56.5
(strong FEC)
1024 QAM
9 -58.5 -58.0 -58.0 -57.5 -58.5 -57.5 -56.5 -58.0 -57.0 -56.5 -56.5 -56.5 -56.0 -56.0 -55.5
(light FEC)
10 2048 QAM -54.0 -53.5 -53.5 -53.0 -54.0 -53.0 -52.0 -53.5 -52.5 -52.0 -52.0 -52.0 -51.5 -51.5 -51.0
Profile Modulation Channel Spacing Frequency (GHz)
6H 11
0 QPSK
-83.5 -83.5
1 8 PSK
-78.0 -78.0
2 16 QAM
-76.5 -76.5
3 32 QAM
80HMz -73.0 -73.0
4 64 QAM
-70.0 -70.0
5 128 QAM
-67.5 -67.0
6 256 QAM
-64.5 -64.5
7 512 QAM
-62.0 -61.5
8 1024 QAM f(strong FEC)
-58.5 -58.5
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What was discussed

✓ Evolution of Ceragon Radio Technology
✓ Changing the Network Paradigms
✓ MultiCore Architecture
✓ Capacity Innovations
✓ System Gain Benefits
✓ Capacity
✓ Transmission power
✓ Threshold level
Thank You
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IP-20C Housing
CeraOS 9.0
Agenda
• Physical Dimensions
• I/O Interfaces
• Marketing Model
• Power Supply
• PoE Injector
• Antenna Specifications
• Hardware Architecture
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OVERVIEW
• All Outdoor Unit Ethernet Radio System
• Multi Core Dual Carrier Unit
• Frequency range: 6-42GHz
• Direct and Remote Mount
• Fits RFU-C Installation and Mediation devices for Single Carrier
• Between 13-38GHz, same mechanical heat sink will be used for Single and dual
Carrier.
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
• Size:
230 x 233 x 98 mm (handle not included)
• Weight:
Dual Carrier: 6.5Kg Max
• Power Dissipation:
Up to 75W Max for 2+0
• Pole Diameter Range:

8.89 cm – 11.43 cm
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I/O INTERFACES
Carrier #2 LEDs
RSL ( BNC )
(Port #2) Antenna
Interface
Source Sharing
(TNC)
Carrier #1
(Port #1)
GND
FRONT VIEW REAR VIEW

I/O INTERFACES
• Dual-carrier architecture consisting of a single unit directly mounted on the antenna
Power ETH1 / POE (RJ45) ETH2(SFP) ETH3(SFP)
Management/Protection
(RJ45)
BOTTOM VIEW
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Marketing Model
IP-20C- PP-a-fw-xxxY-ccc-h-abc
Placeholder in Description Possible Values
Marketing Model
PP Power version Blank for standard power
HP – High Power
a Regional standard E-ETSI
F-FCC
Applicable only for 13GHz and up
f Frequency band 6L,6H,7,8,10,11,13,15,18,23,24,26,28,32,38,42
w When followed by w, indicates support for channels up to 80MHz as
defined by FCC standards (11,18 GHz). For example: 11w.
xxxY TX-RX separation and block xxx - TRS 3 figures in [MHz].
indication(Ceragon internal) Y - Letter to indicate frequency block.
Example: 266A
The frequency block is a Ceragon internal parameter which defines
different channelization using the same TRS and frequency band.
ccc Channel indication or {Start ch}W{End ch}
LOW/HIGH or blank Example: 10W15
h TX low / TX high indication L – TX Low
H – TX high
abc Ethernet Ports Options. Port structure:
a- Port1, b-Port2, c-Port3 E - Electrical, S - SFP, X – Data sharing port for MIMO application. X in
this location denotes MIMO HW ready.
Marketing Model examples

Marketing Model Example Explanation
IP-20C-E-15-315-4W7-H- ESX IP-20C Dual Core, ETSI standard, 15GHz, TRS=315MHz, two
identical diplexers covering channels 4 to 7, TX high, Ports:
Electrical, SFP, Extension, MIMO HW ready
IP-20C-HP-11w-500-4W9-H-ESX IP-20C, Dual Core, High Power, 11GHz, 80MHz channels support,
500MHz TRS, two identical diplexers covering channels 4-9 TX
high, Ports: Electrical, SFP, Extension, MIMO HW ready
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CABLE ENTRY – Cable Gland Construct

• Using same Special plastic glands IP68 for all connectors connection
• Range of Cat5, DC and Optical cable outer Diameter: 7.0<OD<9.5 mm
• Outdoor Cat5 cable could be supplied ready for use or for crimping in the field
• Outdoor Optical cable is supplied ready for use in several lengths
• Gland Plug is supplied as default
POWER SUPPLY
• Power source options : (or Fiber + DC
• Direct DC Connection from power source Copper)
• Proprietary Power over Ethernet Injector
• PoE – Up to 10 meters cable, for longer length use Fiber and separate DC cable
• Per Ethernet Standards Cat5 cable can be run for ≤ 100meters(includes PoE connections &
jumper cable)
• Nominal Input Voltage -48 volt, DC current. POE

• Tolerance range [-40V : -60V]. BOX
• Power consumption:
• Single Carrier - 39-53 W
• Dual Carrier - 48-75 W User networking
(RBS / Bridge)
• Power Supply efficiency ~ 85%
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Power Connection Options & Power Consumption

Data Connection DC Cable Type /
Power Source and Range Connection Length
Gage
Type
≤ 100m 18AWG
Ext DC Optical
100m ÷ 300m 12AWG
-(40.5 ÷ 60)VDC
Electrical ≤ 100m 18AWG
PoE_Inj_AO ≤ 100m (13 GHz and above)

Electrical CAT5e (24AWG)
(All outdoor PoE Injector, -40 ÷ 60VDC) ≤ 75m (6-11 GHz IP-20C HP)
PoE_Inj_AO_2DC_24V_48V (All outdoor PoE Injector, ±(18 ÷ 60)VDC,

DC input redundancy)
Electrical ≤ 100m CAT5e (24AWG)
Maximum Power
Consumption 6 GHz 7-8 GHz 11 GHz 13-15 GHz 18-24 GHz 26-42 GHz
2+0 Operation 65W 75W 65W 55W 48W 55W
1+0 Operation (one of the 40W 50W 53W 41W 39W 41W
carriers is muted)
Both carriers are muted 15W 25W 41W 27W 30W 27W
PoE INJECTOR
• The PoE injector box is designed to offer a single cable solution for connecting both data and the DC power supply
to the IP-20C system.
• To do so, the PoE injector combines 48V DC(or +24V DC, optional) input and GbE signals via a standard CAT5E cable
using a proprietary Ceragon design.
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PoE INJECTOR INTERFACES

• DC Power Port 1 –40V to -60V Standard Input -48 or +24VDC (Optional)
DC Input range ±(18/40.5 to 60) VDC

• GbE Data Port supporting 10/100/1000Base-T
• Power-Over-Ethernet (PoE) Port
• Grounding screw
A PoE supporting two redundant DC feeds each supporting ±(18-60)V is also available.
Environmental requirements
• Operation: ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1
Standards Compliance
• Humidity: IEC529 IP66, 5%RH to 100%RH Specification Standard
Radio EN 302 217-2-2
• Salt Fog: ASTM B117 – 600h (GR -3108) EN 301 489-1, EN 301 489-4, Class B
(Europe)
• UV Protection: ASTM G53
EMC FCC 47 CFR, part 15, class B (US)
ICES-003, Class B (Canada)
• Storage: ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (Weather protected) TEC/EMI/TEL-001/01, Class B (India)
EN61000-4-5, Class 4 (for PWR and
Surge
• Temperature range for continuous operating temperature with high reliability: ETH1/PoE ports)
EN 60950-1
• -33C to +55C IEC 60950-1
UL 60950-1
• Temperature range for exceptional temperatures; tested successfully, with limited Safety CSA-C22.2 No.60950-1
EN 60950-22
margins:
UL 60950-22
• -45 C to +60 C CSA C22.2.60950-22
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Cable Part Numbers

Ceragon Item #: WA-0514-0
Description: CABLE,MATERIAL,2x12AWG,305M
Marketing Model: DC cable 2X12AWG,305M
Marketing Description: DC cable 2X12AWG,305M
Ceragon Item #: AO-0101-0

Description: CABLE,FO,DUAL LC TO LC,300M,MM,OUTDOOR
Marketing Model: OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 300M OUT
Marketing Description: OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 300M OUTDOOR
Ceragon Item #: AO-0100-0

Description: CABLE,FO,DUAL LC TO LC,150M,MM,OUTDOOR
Marketing Model: OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 150M OUT
Marketing Description: OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 150M OUTDOOR
Ceragon Item #:
WA-0198-0
Description: CABLE,MATERIAL,CAT-5E,4X2X24AWG,DOUBLE JACKET UV RESISTANCE,100M
Marketing Model: CAT5-4P-CABLE

Marketing Desc.: CAT5-4P-CABLE
Antenna Specifications
• Direct Mount: • Remote Mount

• Andrew (VHLP), Frequency Waveguide Standard Waveguide Antenna
• RFS, (GHz) Flange Flange
• Xian Putian (WTG), 6 WR137 PDR70 UDR70
• Radio Wave, 7/8 WR112 PBR84 UBR84
• GD, 10/11 WR90 PBR100 UBR100
• Shenglu 13 WR75 PBR120 UBR120
15 WR62 PBR140 UBR140
18-26 WR42 PBR220 UBR220
28-38 WR28 PBR320 UBR320
42 WR22 UG383/U UG383/U
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Hardware Architecture
• A very compact form-fit, designed around Ceragon’s true MultiCore design
What was discussed

✓ Physical Dimensions
✓ I/O Interfaces
✓ Marketing Model
✓ Power Supply
✓ PoE Injector
✓ Antenna Specifications
✓ Hardware Architecture
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Thank You
Full outdoor installation

Ceragon IP 20 C/S/E
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Agenda
• Types of Configurations
• Full Outdoor Configurations
• IP20 C/S/E Configurations
• Mediation Devices Used.
• Considerations about the Full outdoor configurations.
Ceragon System Configurations

• Full Outdoor: IP20 C/S/E configurations,
• Mediation Devices for full outdoor.
• Full Indoor configurations:

• 1500 HP Long Haul + FibeAir IDU
• 3200T + FibeAir IDU
• Evolution RFU + FibeAir IDU
• Split Mount configurations:

• RFU-C, RFU-HP,
• Evolution
• Direct Antenna Mount configurations:

• Direct Mount: IP20 C/S/E with proper Mediation Device
• RFU-C with proper Mediation Devices
• Remote Antenna Mount configurations:

• RFU-C with Waveguide (flex guide)
• Evolution Series + Branching Box + Waveguide (flex guide)
• RFU-HP(1500) + OCB + Waveguide (flex guide)
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Full Outdoor Configurations
Full Outdoor configurations

• Applicable for IP20 C/S/E configurations
• IP20C is MultiCore Architecture, IP20 S & IP20 E are Single Core
• Full Outdoor means no IDU, only outdoor units
• Connected to antenna directly (through a mediation device) or remote with Flex Waveguide (for clients
that want to re-use their antennas).
IP20 C IP20S IP20E
MultiCore 2+0 Single/Dual 1+0 Direct/Remote Mount 1+0
Polarization
2 x MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP 1+1 HSB Direct/Remote 2+0(ACCP, ACAP)
Mount
MultiCore 2+2 SP/DP HSB 2+0 Direct/Remote Mount 1+1 HSB (future)
2x2 LoS MIMO
4x4 LoS MIMO
4+0 SP/DP/Space Diversity
1+1 XPIC
1+0 Repeater (East-West)
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DIRECT MOUNT CONSIDERATIONS

• Same antenna fits RFU-C, Mediation devices and OEM Adapters For Remote and Direct Mount
• in Direct mount, the polarization is performed using a twist plate on IP20C radio interface in Remote
mount installation, the twist plate is removed from the IP20C radio Interface.
DIRECT MOUNT 1+0 DIRECT MOUNT 1+1
IP20C/S/E Direct Mount Overview

O-ring
Twist to be used with single
polarized antenna for IP-20S/E/C
or IP-20C with splitter
OMT for IP20C
IP20C /E
No OMT for IP20S/E
1+0 MOUNT
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IP20S DIRECT MOUNT OVERVIEW

Twist
RFU-C Splitter RFU-C Coupler

O-ring
IP20S/E
2+0 MOUNT 1+1 MOUNT
IP20C Dual Core DIRECT MOUNT

• Same holder concept is used for splitter and OMT
• Optimization of the MD size.
FREQ THICKNESS FREQ THICKNESS

6-11GHz 90 6-8GHz 55
13-15GHz 55
11-38GHz 40
18-38GHz 40
OMT MOUNT SPLITTER MOUNT

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MultiCore Mediation Devices for Standard Antenna Interface
• MultiCore radio architecture with two RF chains

• Unique mediation devices for simple direct mount installations
OMT Splitter Dual Dual Dual Core

Coupler Splitter Mediation
Device
Maximum reuse of available antennas for TCO savings

(3rd party RFU-C adaptors)
IP20C - OMT
• Direct mount to Antenna only. OMT can be connected to unit by using flexible WG (Sealing test required)
• Thin plastic film at all interfaces (depending on frequencies)
• Captive screws, hook for hanging & hands-free connection
• Tilt of +/- 5o allowed for XPIC Alignment Tilt
Hook adjust
• Weight: Approx. 2kg
Captive
Screw
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Mediation Device Example
DO NOT
REMOVE
REMOVE
DO NOT
REMOVE
REMOVE
IP20C - SPLITTER
• For Direct and Remote mount (Sealing test required)
• Plastic films at all interfaces.
• Captive screws, hook for hanging & hands-free connection
• Weight: Approx. 2 kg
Captive
Screw
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The Dual Coupler and Dual Splitter

• Available for Direct and Remote mount (Sealing test required for both configurations)
• Plastic films at all interfaces (depending on frequencies)
• Captive screws
• Hook for hanging the MD and permit free hands connection
• Weight: Approx. 3.5kg
• Splitter used for 2 x 2+0

• Coupler used for 2+2, 2x 2+0 XPIC
IP-20C Multi-Core Configurations
2+0 SD or 4x4 MIMO

MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP MultiCore 2+2 SP 2x MultiCore 2+0 DP
OMT
OMT
MultiCore 2+2 HSB DP 2x MultiCore 2+0 SP 1+0 SD or 2x2 MIMO
Main Antenna
Space Antenna
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Multi Core Mediation Devices

MCMD type Functionality
Splitter Combines 2 carrier signals using the same polarization to 1 antenna
OMT Combines 2 carriers signals on alternating polarization (H, V) to 1 antenna
MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP Direct Mount
MultiCore 2+0 DP ACAP
Ch1 V
Ch2 H
MultiCore 2+0 DP CCDP

Dual Pol.  OMT
Ch1 V
Ch1 H OMT
MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2
Splitter
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MultiCore 2+2 HSB DP XPIC
MultiCore 2+2HSB DP
Ch1
Ch1 V V OMT
XPIC
Ch2
Ch1 H H
XPIC
Ch 1
Ch 2
Eth Cross cable Dual Coupler XPIC
Ch 2
Ch 1
Traffic Eth opt splitter ( or external LAG )
2x MultiCore 2+0 Single Polarization

2x MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4
Splitter
Dual Splitter
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2x MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4
RFU-C
Splitter
Already have RFU-C

Splitter ??
Let’s Use it. Splitter
Splitter
2x MultiCore 2+0 Dual Polarization

2x MultiCore 2+0 DP
Ch1 V Ch2 V
Ch1 H Ch2 H
OMT
Dual Splitter
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IP20C 1+0 SD or 2x2 MIMO
Main Antenna
Using Dual Core mediation device
Space Antenna
IP20C 4x4 MIMO, or 2+0 SD, or 2+2 HSB SD

MIMO 4x4 1Gbps Multi Core 2+0 SD DP
Ch1
Ch1 VV Ch1
Ch1 V V OMT
XPIC
Ch2
Ch1 HH Ch1Ch2
H H
DO NOT shorten the source VID 20

sharing cable on field
Data sharing Eth#3 SFP opt
Traffic VID 10, 20 Eth#1
Data sharing fiber
OMT
MNG Protection via Protection splitter

cable
Local Management – Straight Eth
VID 10
Traffic Optical
Splitter VID 10, 20
Local MNG
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4x4 MIMO
• The figure illustrates a 4x4 LoS MIMO direct

mount configuration. 4x4 LoS MIMO utilizes two
IP-20C units on each side of the link. Each unit
uses dual polarization, with all four radio
Management Sharing
Source Sharing
channels using the same frequency. Each unit is
Data Sharing
connected to an antenna using an OMT.
2x2 MIMO
• For 2x2 LoS MIMO only 1 IP-20C is needed on each side of

the link.
• The correlation of all the data is done inside the unit.
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IP-20C East to West Configuration
REMOTE MOUNT Single and Dual Core – OPTION #1

• Pole mount kit (same as RFU-C)
• Flexible WG with Sealing groove on both sides (Same as RFU-C)
• Remote Mount Adaptor for low frequency (Same as RFU-C)
• Splitter (Relevant for 2+0)
• Twist removed from SC Radio (For high Freq.)
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REMOTE MOUNT DC OPTION #2

• In some configurations (TBD), customer will want to connect separately the mediation device from the
IP20C radio
• Pole mount kit of RFU-C should be updated or use different type
• Flexible WG with Sealing groove on both sides (Same as RFU-C)
• Remote Mount Adaptor for low Frequencies
6-11GHz 13GHz
6-11 Ghz Channel-Port Mapping to Polarization

• Above 11 GHz, both diplexers are the same exact type
• 6-11GHz frequency, diplexers are relatively narrow a single IP-20C unit might have to operate in two
channels that are not covered by the same diplexer:
• Example: IP-20C-HP-6L-252A-1N27N8-H-ESX
V
H
when selecting two operational channels that are not covered

by the same diplexer, certain TX-TX separation and TX-RX
separation criteria should be met.
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CABLE ENTRY
What was discussed

• Types of Configurations
• Full Outdoor Configurations
• IP20 C/S/E Configurations
• Mediation Devices Used.
• Considerations about the Full outdoor configurations.
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Thank You
IP-20C Installation Guide

CeraOS 9.0
180
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Agenda
• Installation Components • Multi core 2+2 HSB Dual Polarization Remote Mount
• Multi core Mediation Devices (MCMD) • 2x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
• Cable Installation and Grounding • 2x2 LoS MIMO
• PoE Injector Installation and Connection • 4x4 LoS MIMO Direct Mount
• Pole Mount Installation • Mediation Device Losses
• Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Direct Mount
• Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Remote Mount
• Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
• Multi core 2+2 HSB Dual Polarization Direct Mount
Transportation & Inspection

• The equipment should be prepared for public transportation.
• The cargo must be kept dry during transportation, ETS 300 019-1-2, Class
2.3.
• Recommended - equipment transported to site in original packing.

• The packed equipment must be stored in a dry and cool environment, and
out of direct sunlight, ETS 300 019-1-1, Class 1.2.
• Check packing and verify correct part numbers and quantities.
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Installation and Components
Antenna Connections
Frequency
Circ. wave Rect. wave Radio Side Flex wave Flex wave Antenna
guide guide Flange (Remote) guide Side A guide Side B (Remote)
Band Range (GHz) Diameter Des. Flange Des. Flange Des. Flange Des. Flange Des.
Antenna types supported:
6(L/U) GHz
5.8-7.1 31.8 mm WR137 UDR70 PDR70 PDR70 UDR70
• Andrew: VHLP series 7/8 GHz
7.1-8.5 26 mm WR112 UBR84 PBR84 PBR84 UBR84
• RFS: SB/SU series 10/11 GHz

13 GHz
• Shenglu: SLC series 12.7-13.3 15 mm WR75 UBR120 PBR120 PBR120 UBR120
15 GHz
14.5-15.4 13.5 mm WR62 UBR140 PBR140 PBR140 UBR140
• Xian Putian: WTC/WTG series 18 GHz
17.7-19.7 10.5 mm
• General Dynamics: HPS series 23 GHz

26 GHz
24.5-26.6 8 mm
28-31 GHz
27.3-29.5 7 mm
32 GHz
31.8-33.4 6.5 mm WR28 UBR320 PBR320 PBR320 UBR320
38 GHz
37.0-40.0 5.5 mm
42 GHz
40.5-43.5 4.775 mm WR22 UG383/U UG383/U UG383/U UG383/U
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Multi Core Mediation Devices

MCMD type Functionality
Splitter Combines 2 carrier signals using the same polarization to 1 antenna
OMT Combines 2 carriers signals on alternating polarization (H, V) to 1 antenna
Cable Installation and Grounding
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Unit Grounding
• Grounding screw for the IP-20C element.
• The user power supply GND must be connected to the positive pole in the IP-20C power supply. Any other
connection may cause damage to the system!
• The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides.
• IP-20C includes built-in surge protection for its Ethernet and power interfaces (IEC 61000-4-5, level 4).
Cable Grounding
• No grounding is required for optical cables, unless metal armored.

• For Ethernet cables, the cable should be grounded at each end for under 50m length and
each ends & middle for more than 50 meters of length.
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Preparing and Connecting Ethernet (CAT5E) Cable
Preparing and Connecting Ethernet (CAT5E) Cable
185
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Preparing and Connecting Optical Fiber Cable and SFP
DC Power Cable Connection
186
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PoE Injector Installation and Connection

PoE Injector Grounding:
1. On the right side of each PoE Injector, loosen the screw, plain washer, and serrated washer.
2. Place the cable lug (supplied with the PoE injector kit) between the plain and serrated washer.
3. Tighten the screw.
PoE Injector Wall Mount Installation

Mount and tighten the PoE Injector to a wall using 2 M6 bolts and anchors supplied with the PoE Injector.
1. Drill two 6mm diameter holes with 100mm distance between the center of the holes.
2. Insert the anchors with the bolts.
3. Place the washers on the bolt.
4. Tighten the nuts.
Important:
1. Distance PoE injector to switch <= 10 meters, per Ethernet standard.
2. Distance from Network Element to Switch <= 100 m total, including
the connections with the P o E Injector.
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PoE Injector Pole Mount Installation
1. Mount and tighten the PoE Injector to a pole with a diameter of 114 mm using a stainless
steel hose clamp.
2. Pass the hose clamp through the pole mount slots.
3. Attach the PoE injector to the pole.
4. Connect the ends of the hose clamp.
5. Tighten the hose clamp using the captive screw.
The Hose Clamp is note supplied with PoE injector kit.
PoE Injector 19” rack Installation

Item Description Quantity
1 PoE Injector 2 Required Tools
• Philips Screwdriver
2 PoE Injector 19” Rack Mount Kit 1
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PoE Injector ETSI Rack Installation

1 PoE Injector 2 Required Tools
• Philips Screwdriver
2 PoE Injector 19” Rack Mount Kit 1
Note: For this type of installation, a 2RU space is required.
General Notes Concerning All Installation Procedures

Important: Do not remove the
transparent pressure windows located Torque Requirements
on the antenna interfaces.
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IP-20C Pole Mount Installation

9
IP-20C Dual Core Pole Mount Procedure

Note: The pole diameter range for pole mount installations is 8.89 cm – 11.43 cm (3.5 inches – 4.5 inches).
Item Description Quantity Remarks Required Tools: Metric offset
1 IP-20C DC POLE MOUNT KIT 1 wrench key wrench set
2
IP-20C DC REMOTE MOUNT ADAPTOR KIT 1 From 6-13GHz
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IP-20C Dual Core Pole Mount Procedure

For 6-13 GHz Only
IP-20C Remote Mount

Adaptor plate for 6-13 GHz
Remote Mount Installation for Single Polarization

Imperial Waveguide, 6-13 GHz Required Tools
Item Description Quantity Remarks • Metric offset hexagon key wrench set
1 IP-20C RADIO 1
2 RFU-C ADAPTATION KIT TO FLEXIBLE wave guide 1 From 6-13 GHz
• Imperial offset hexagon key wrench set
IMPERIAL • Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
3 RFU-C REMOTE POLE MOUNT KIT 1
4 IP-20C SPLITTER KIT 1
RFU-C Adaptor plate for SP
191
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Remote Mount Installation for Single Polarization

Imperial Waveguide, 15-42 GHz
Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Direct Mount

Item Description Quantity Remarks Required Tools
1 IP-20C RADIO 1 • Metric offset hexagon key set
• Metric wrench key set
2 IP-20C O M T kit 1
3 CIRC./CIRC. ADAPTOR 1 Per Antenna Vendor
CCDP
Ch1 V
Ch1 H
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Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Direct Mount

Circular Adaptor
3.
1.
2.
Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Remote Mount

Item Description Quantity Remarks
1 IP-20C RADIO 1
2 IP-20C O M T kit 1 Not used for standard interface antennas (six feet
and larger).
3 FLEXIBLE wave guide KIT 2
4 IP-20C DC POLE MOUNT KIT 1
5 IP-20C DC REMOTE MOUNT ADAPTOR KIT 1 From 6-13GHz
6 Circ./Circ. Adaptor 1 Per Antenna Vendor. Not used for standard
interface antennas (six feet and larger).
CCDP
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks Insertion Loss [dB]
Required Tools
Ch1 V
• Metric offset hexagon key set 13- 23- 28-
6-8 11 18
• Metric wrench key set GHz GHz
15
GHz
26 42
GHz GHz GHz
• Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
Ch1 H
• Insertion Loss
O M T and two Each IP-20C antenna
wave guides port to Mediation 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0
device antenna port
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Multi core 2+0 Dual Pol. Remote Mount - Common

Circular Adaptor
1.
3.
2.
A. 2+0 DP Remote Mount for 6-13 GHz 6.
4. 5.
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B. 2+0 DP Remote Mount for 15-42 GHz
4. 5.
Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount

ACCP
Required Tools
1 IP-20C RADIO 1 • Metric offset hexagon key set Ch1 V Ch1 H
2 IP-20C Splitter KIT 1

• Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
• Insertion Loss
Insertion Loss [dB]
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks 28-

6-8 18
11 GHz 13-15 GHz 23-26 GHz 42
GHz GHz
GHz
Splitter Radio to antenna port 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.0
Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization
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Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
Connect IP-20C to Splitter Kit
Multi core 2+0 SP Remote Mount for 6-13 GHz ACCP

Ch1 V Ch1 H
1 IP-20C RADIO 1
2 RFU-C ADAPTOR REMOTE MOUNT KIT 1 From 6-13 GHz Required Tools
• Metric offset hexagon key wrench set
3 RFU-C POLE MOUNT KIT 1 • Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
4 IP-20C SPLITTER KIT 1 • Metric wrench key set
5 FLEXIBLE wave guide KIT 1 • Insertion Loss
Insertion Loss [dB]
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks 23-26 28-42

6-8 GHz 11 GHz 13-15 GHz 18 GHz
GHz GHz
Splitter and one Radio to antenna port 4.0 4.0 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.5
wave guide
196
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Multi core 2+0 SP Remote Mount for 6-13 GHz

3.
1.
2.
4.
Multi core 2+0 SP Remote Mount for 15-42 GHz

3.
1.
4.
2.
197
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Multi core 2+2HSB Dual Polarization Direct Mount

5
Multi core 2+2HSB Dual Polarization Direct Mount

Item Description Quantity Remarks Required Tools
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 1 • Metric wrench key set
3 IP-20C DUAL COUPLER KIT 1
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Multi core 2+2HSB Double Polarization Direct Mount

Circular Adaptor
1.
5.
2.
4.
3.
Multi core 2+2HSB Double Polarization Remote Mount

8
199
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1 IP-20C RADIO 2
Required Tools
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 1 • Metric offset hexagon key set
3 IP-20C DUAL COUPLER KIT 1 • Metric wrench key set
4 FLEXIBLE wave guide KIT 2 • Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
5 IP-20C DC POLE MOUNT 1
KIT
6 IP-20C DC REMOTE
MOUNT ADAPTOR KIT 1 From 6-13GHz
7 CIRC./CIRC. ADAPTOR 1 Per Antenna Vendor.

Circular Adaptor
1.
3.
2. 4.
40
0
200
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A. 2+2HSB DP for 6-13 GHz
7.
5.
6.
8.
B. 2+2HSB DP for 15-42 GHz

7.
5.
6.
201
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2 x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount

3
2 x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount

Item Description Quantity Required Tools
2 IP-20C Splitter Kit 1 • Metric wrench key set
3 IP-20C Dual Splitter Kit 1 • Phillips #1 screwdriver
ACCP
Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4

V/H V/H V/H V/H
202
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2x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
2x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
2.
4.
3.
203
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2 x Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Direct Mount

7

Required Tools
1 IP-20C RADIO 2
• Metric offset hexagon key set
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 1
• Metric wrench key set
3
IP-20C DUAL COUPLER or SPLITTER KIT 1
Insertion Loss [dB]

Mediation Signal Path / 13- 23- 28-
6-8 11 18
Devices Remarks 15 26 42
GHz GHz GHz
CCDP GHz GHz GHz
Double
Splitter and Radio to antenna port 3.8 3.8 3.8 4 4.2 4.5
OMT
Ch1 V Ch2 V
This procedure can also be used for Multi core 2+0 DP

hardware ready for 2 x Multi core 2+0 DP configurations.
Ch1 H Ch2 H
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1.
4.
2.
3.
2 x Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Remote Mount

0
205
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2 x Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Remote Mount

1 IP-20C RADIO 2
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 1
3
IP-20C DUAL COUPLER OR DUAL SPLITTER KIT 1
Required Tools
• Metric offset hexagon key set
4 FLEXIBLE wave guide KIT 2
5 IP-20C DC POLE MOUNT KIT 1 • Metric wrench key set
6
IP-20C DC REMOTE MOUNT ADAPTOR KIT 1 From 6-13GHz • Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
Insertion Loss [dB]

Mediation Signal Path / 23- 28-
6-8 11 13-15 18
CCDP Devices Remarks
GHz GHz GHz GHz
26 42
GHz GHz
Double Splitter,
O M T and two Radio to antenna port 4.3 4.3 5 5.2 5.7 6
Ch1 V Ch2 V wave guides
This procedure can also be used for 2 x Multi core 1+0 DP

hardware ready for 2 x Multi core 2+0 DP configurations.
Ch1 H Ch2 H
General Common Parts

1.
3.
2.
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A. 6-13 GHz
6
4
5
7
B. 15-42 GHz
4 6
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2x2 LoS MIMO Direct and Remote Mount

5
2x2 Line of Sight MIMO Direct Mount

1 IP-20C Radio 1 Required Tools

2 IP-20C Dual Core Kit 1 • Metric offset hexagon key set
3 Flexible wave guide Kit 1 Optional • Phillips #1, #2 screwdriver
4 Coax to wave guide Kit 1 Optional
Insertion Loss [dB]

Mediation Signal Path / 13- 23- 28-
This procedure can also be used for 1+0 SD configurations. Devices Remarks
6-8 11
15
18
26 42
GHz GHz GHz
GHz GHz GHz
Radio to antenna
Dual Core 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5
(upper path)
Mediation Device
2x2 MIMO wave guide port to Frequency band and wave guide length (antenna
and wave guide
2x2 MIMO second antenna separation) dependent
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2x2 LoS MIMO Direct Mount Configuration
2x2 Line of Sight MIMO Remote Mount

This procedure can also be used for 1+0 SD configurations.
1 IP-20C RADIO 1 Required Tools

2 • Metric offset hexagon key set
IP-20C REMOTE MOUNT ADAPTOR KIT 1 From 6-13GHz • Metric wrench key set
Mediation Signal Path Insertion Loss [dB]

Devices / Remarks 6-8 GHz 11 GHz 13-15 GHz 18 GHz 23-26 GHz 28-42 GHz
IP-20C
antenna
wave guides port to Frequency band and wave guide length (antenna separation) dependent
antenna
port
2x2 MIMO
2x2 MIMO
209
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2x2 MIMO remote mount

6-13 GHz
2x2 MIMO remote mount

15-42 GHz
210
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4x4 LoS MIMO Direct Mount

1
4x4 MIMO Direct Mount

Required Tools
2 IP-20C O M T KIT 2 • Metric wrench key set
MIMO 4x4
3 MIMO DATA CABLE 1
4 SOURCE SHARING CABLE 1
5
CAT5E MIMO SIGNALING CABLE 1 Ch1 V
Ch1 V
Ch2 H
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks Insertion Loss [dB] Ch1 H
13- 23- 28-
6-8 11 18
15 26 42
GHz GHz GHz
GHz GHz GHz
Each IP-20C antenna port to
O M T for each IP-20C 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
Mediation device antenna port
1) This procedure can also be used for Multi core 2+0 SP

hardware ready for 2 x Multi core 2+0 SP configurations.
2) This procedure can also be used for 2+2 SD
configurations.
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4x4 LoS MIMO configuration
4x4 LoS MIMO configuration

Management Sharing
Source Sharing
Data Sharing
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IP20C 4x4 MIMO

MIMO 4x4 1Gbps
Ch1
Ch1 VV OMT
Ch2
Ch1 HH

Data sharing fiber

OMT

cable
VID 10
Traffic Optical
Splitter VID 10, 20
Local MNG
Mediation Device Losses

6
213
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Mediation Device Losses

Insertion Loss [dB]
Mediation Devices Signal Path / Remarks
6-8 GHz 11 GHz 13-15 GHz 18 GHz 23-26 GHz 28-42 GHz
Flex wave guide 3ft / 1.2m 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5
Dual Core Mediation Device Radio to antenna (upper path) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5
OMT Radio to antenna ports

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
(V or H)
Splitter
Radio to antenna port 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 4
Main Paths 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 2

Dual Coupler
Secondary Paths 6 6 6 6 6 6
Dual Splitter Radio to antenna port 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 4
High Ch radio to antenna port 0.15 0.15 NA NA NA NA

Double Circ.
Low Ch radio to antenna port 0.8 0.8 NA NA NA NA
What was discussed

• Installation Components • Multi core 2+2 HSB Dual Polarization Remote Mount
• Multi core Mediation Devices (MCMD) • 2x Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
• Cable Installation and Grounding • 2x2 LoS MIMO
• PoE Injector Installation and Connection • 4x4 LoS MIMO Direct Mount
• Pole Mount Installation • Mediation Device Losses
• Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Direct Mount
• Multi core 2+0 Dual Polarization Remote Mount
• Multi core 2+0 Single Polarization Direct Mount
• Multi core 2+2 HSB Dual Polarization Direct Mount
214
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Thank You
IP-20C System Configurations

CeraOS 9.0
215
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Agenda
• MultiRadio Scenarios
• MultiCore Antenna Configurations
Generic Reference System
Capacity Link Antenna

Mbps Distance Size
Km ft
Generic 1+0 Radio System
216
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Doubling the Capacity using Multi Core Radio
Doubling Same Same

The Link Antenna
Capacity Distance Size
Mbps Km ft
Ch1 V Ch2 V
Remotely Configuring Doubling the Ch1 H Ch2 H

Multi Core Radio Mode capacity
Doubling the Capacity - Multi Core Radio Operational Modes
Ch1 V
MultiCore 1+0 ready for
MultiCore 2+0
Ch2 H
Ch1 V
Ch1 H
Ch1 V Ch2 V MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 H Ch2 H
Ch1 Ch2
217
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Doubling Link Distance through Multi Core Radio
Increased Double Same

Mbps Distance Size
Km ft
Ch1 V Ch2 V
Lowering Increasing Ch1 H Ch2 H

Larger Link
modulation System
Distance
per carrier Gain
Reducing Antenna Size
Increased Same Half

Mbps Distance Size
Km ft
Ch1 V Ch2 V
Lowering Increasing Half

Ch1 H Ch2 H
modulation System Antenna
per carrier Gain Size
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Quadrupling the Capacity through Multi Core Radio
Ch1 V
Ch1 V
Ch2 H
Ch1 H
QUAD. Same Same

The Link Antenna 1+0 vs. 4X4 MIMO
Capacity Distance Size
Mbps Km ft
Switching ON MIMO
Site Optimization Using MIMO
Ch1 V
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC vs. 4X4 MIMO Ch1 V
Ch2 H
Ch1 H
Double Double Same

Mbps Distance Size
Km ft
Switching ON MIMO
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Doubling Link Distance

Ch1 V
Ch1 V
Ch2 H
Ch1 H
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC vs. 4X4 MIMO
Higher Double Same

Mbps Distance Size
Km ft
Switching ON MIMO
MultiCore Antenna Configurations

0
220
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IP-20C System Multi Core Configurations
2+0 SD or 4x4 MIMO

MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP MultiCore 2+2 SP 2x MultiCore 2+0 DP
OMT
OMT
MultiCore 2+2 HSB DP 2x MultiCore 2+0 SP 1+0 SD or 2x2 MIMOMain

Antenna
Space Antenna
MultiCore Mediation Devices for Standard Antenna Interface
• MultiCore radio architecture with two RF chains

• Unique mediation devices for simple direct mount installations
OMT Splitter Dual Dual Dual Core

Coupler Splitter Mediation
Device
Maximum reuse of available antennas for TCO savings

(3rd party RFU-C adaptors)
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Dual Core Mediation Devices (DCDM)
• Splitter – Combines the two cores using the same polarization
• OMT – Combines the two cores on alternate polarizations (H,V)
MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP Direct Mount
Ch1 V
Ch2 H

Dual Pol.  OMT
Ch1 V
Ch1 H OMT
MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2
Splitter
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7/17/2017
MultiCore 2+2 HSB DP XPIC
MultiCore 2+2HSB DP
Ch1
Ch1 V V OMT
XPIC
Ch2
Ch1 H H
XPIC
Ch 1
Ch 2
Eth Cross cable Dual Coupler XPIC
Ch 2
Ch 1
MultiCore 2+2 HSB Single Polarization

MultiCore 2+2HSB SP
Ch1 Ch2
Ch1 Ch2
Splitter
Ch 1
Ch 2
Eth Cross cable Dual Coupler
Ch 2
Ch 1
223
7/17/2017

2x MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4
Splitter
Dual Splitter

2x MultiCore 2+0 SP
Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4
RFU-C
Splitter
Already have RFU-C

Splitter ??
Let’s Use it. Splitter
Splitter
224
7/17/2017
2x MultiCore 2+0 Dual Polarization

2x MultiCore 2+0 DP
Ch1 V Ch2 V
Ch1 H Ch2 H
OMT
Dual Splitter
IP20C 1+0 SD or 2x2 MIMO
Main Antenna
Using Dual Core mediation device
Space Antenna
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7/17/2017
IP20C 4x4 MIMO, or 2+0 SD, or 2+2 HSB SD

MIMO 4x4 1Gbps Multi Core 2+0 SD DP
Ch1
Ch1 VV Ch1
Ch1 V V OMT
XPIC
Ch2
Ch1 HH Ch1Ch2
H H

Data sharing fiber

OMT

cable
VID 10
Traffic Optical
Splitter VID 10, 20
Local MNG
4x4 MIMO
• The figure illustrates a 4x4 LoS MIMO direct

mount configuration. 4x4 LoS MIMO utilizes two
IP-20C units on each side of the link. Each unit
uses dual polarization, with all four radio
Management Sharing
Source Sharing
channels using the same frequency. Each unit is

Data Sharing
connected to an antenna using an OMT.
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2x2 MIMO
• For 2x2 LoS MIMO only 1 IP-20C is needed on each side of

the link.
• The correlation of all the data is done inside the unit.
IP-20C East to West Configuration
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7/17/2017
6-11 Ghz Channel-Port Mapping to Polarization

• In most cases, both diplexers are the same exact type
• Example: IP-20C-HP-6L-252A-1W4-H-ESX
• In the 6-11GHz frequency bands, diplexers are relatively narrow a single IP-20C unit might have to
operate in two channels that are not covered by the same diplexer:
• Example: IP-20C-HP-6L-252A-1N27N8-H-ESX
V
H
when selecting two operational channels that are not covered
by the same diplexer, certain TX-TX separation and TX-RX
separation criteria should be met.
CABLE ENTRY
228
7/17/2017
What was discussed

✓ MultiRadio Scenarios
✓ MultiCore Antenna Configurations
4
7
Thank You
229
7/17/2017
IP-20C First Login

CeraOS 9.0
Agenda
• How to find out the IP-20C IP address
• CLI and Web login
• General commands
• Get IP address
• Set IP address
• Set to default
• Web GUI Management and General Menu Overview
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IP20 C First Login
• Default Address is 192.168.1.1 / Mask: 255.255.255.0

• Default Login details:
• Username: admin
• Password: admin
• User should connect to Management Port

• Straight crimping for normal access to default IP
Power Management/Protection (RJ45)
What about if you don’t know the IP address?

There is a Protection implemented IP: 192.0.2.1 /28
1. Change your PC IP address to 192.0.2.10 /28 WA-0245-0
2. Connect Y cable to your PC and IP-20C
3. Use CH2 (1,2,3,6 -> 4,5,7,8 ) CH1
4. Connect to Protection IP address 192.0.2.1
CH2
5. Change IP20-C IP address in GUI.
All pins connected
1,2,3,6 is for Management
1,2,3,6 -> 1,2,3,6 4,5,7,8 is for Protection
Management connection
1,2,3,6 -> 4,5,7,8 (Connection to the protection port)
CH1
CH2
192.0.2.5 / 28
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Connecting via Command Line Interface - CLI
• Make sure you have Telnet utility installed on you computer.

• Cmd>telnet IP
• Same Username and Password as for GUI

• Successful connect
General Command Line Interface use
• Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory. Use the TAB key to
auto-complete a syntax
• Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
• Question mark to list helpful commands
• Type Exit key to jump out from menu (eg. ) / Q to end a session
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Q to end a current session in CLI
• Mrmc pm-acm show interval 15 min

• Press Q key
Get/Set IP address
CLI GUI
• Command: “platform management ip show ip-address”
“platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address>

subnet <Mask> gateway <default gateway>”
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Set to factory default - no IP change

CLI GUI
“platform management set-to-default”
Confirmation Required in both ways.

No IP change after factory reset.
46
7
Web Management

8
234
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Connecting to IP-20C via WEB GUI
• Connect your EMS/NMS to the MNG/PROT port of IP-20C with ETH CAT5 cable
• Default IP address for IP-20C is 192.168.1.1/28 192.168.1.1/28
• Verify that your PC’s IP is in the same subnet

ETH CAT5 straight
• Make sure Link is up
• PING the IP-20C
• Go to the IP20-C’s IP in a web browser(IE, Firefox)
• Telnet connection is also possible 192.168.1.10/24
Web Management
• Local Network parameters.
IP version Configuration
IP settings
235
7/17/2017
Main View
Type to find Menu titles (does not return page content)
Picture of managed element

Menu
Platform / Management / Unit Parameters
236
7/17/2017
Platform / Management / NTP Configuration
• IP-20C supports NTP.

• NTP distributes Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) throughout the
system, using a jitter buffer to
neutralize variable latency.
• NTPv3 and NTPv4 supported.
Platform / Management / Time Services
• IP-20C uses UTC for time and date

configuration.
237
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Platform / Management / Interface Manager
• This is where user can enable/disable main interfaces
Default Statuses:
• Ethernet – Down
• Radios – UP but muted
• Multiple selections can be Enabled/Disabled at the same time.
Platform / Management / Inventory
• Serial Number is used when generating

• activation keys.
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Platform / Management / Unit Info
• To create Unit Info file, please see the Back-up

& Configuration Management Presentation.
• Unit Info is very important for debugging.
Platform / Management / Reset & factory Default
• For performing a Cold Reset*
For clearing the Entire Configuration

Set to Default
239
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Platform / Management / Unit Redundancy
• For external protection of the element. HW Redundancy
SNMP Parameters
• Setting for NMS system

• Version 1-3
240
7/17/2017
Trap Managers
• Up to 4 Trap
Managers
V3 Users
• Setting for SNMP v3
241
7/17/2017
Agenda
✓ How to find out the IP-20C IP address
✓ CLI and Web login
✓ General commands
✓ Get IP address
✓ Set IP address
✓ Set to default
✓ Web GUI Management and General Menu Overview
Thank You
242
7/17/2017
IP-20C Link Parameters

CeraOS 9.0
Agenda
• Radio Link Parameters
• MRMC scripts
• MRMC configuration – IP20C
• TX and RX frequency settings
• LINK ID
• Monitoring
243
7/17/2017
Radio Link Parameters

TSL RSL
ODU )) ) FSL ODU
What do we need to configure for a radio link: What do we need to monitor?
1. MRMC– Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, 1. ACM and MSE– Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE
channel & modulation, XPIC,MIIMO)
2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every carrier in radio PPS)
3. Link ID local / remote – must be the same on both 2. Monitored RSL – Actual Receive level [dBm]
ends 3. Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
4. TX power or ATPC– ON / OFF – avoiding co- 4. XPI level – when XPIC is used [dB]
interferences caused by nearby antennas

487
Multi Rate Multi Constellation scripts – IP20C
4
8
244
7/17/2017
What is MRMC?
• MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Constellation is language between two units. Both units need to speak with
the same language (it means modulation and bandwidth must be the same).
• Frequency is the general channel in which they are communicating
MRMC radio scripts for MIMO can only be used in MIMO and Space
Diversity links. These scripts can be used in the following
Proprietary and Confidential configurations: 2x2 MIMO, 4x4 MIMO, 1+0 SD, and 2+2 SD. 489
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Constellation

1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed or adaptive)
MRMC  BW + MODULATION TYPE = CAPACITY
1. ACM Tx profile can be different than Rx profile ( on the same radios)

2. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.
3. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile to upgrade or downgrade
1. If MSE improves above a threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to ‘upgrade’ its profile.
2. If MSE degrades below a threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to “downgrade’ its profile.
Thresholds are not configurable.
Central frequency
Modulation
Power level [dBm]
BW
+
Proprietary and Confidential <Channel bandwidth (MHz)> 490
245
7/17/2017
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

• With ACM ON, the radio will select the highest capacity based on Received Signal Quality (MSE)
• When the signal quality is degraded (fading / interference) => radio goes to more robust modulation &
capacity is reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and capacity is restored. The
capacity changes are hitless (no errors introduced).
• During reduced capacity, traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS. In congestion, Ethernet traffic
with lowest priority is dropped.
1024 QAM LFEC

1024 QAM LFEC
1024 QAM SFEC

1024 QAM SFEC
512 QAM
512 QAM
256 QAM
256 QAM
2048QAM
2048QAM
128 QAM
128 QAM
64 QAM
64 QAM
32 QAM
32 QAM
16 QAM
16 QAM
8 QAM
8 QAM
QPSK
High
Priority
Traffic
49
Proprietary and Confidential 1 491
Profile Modulation
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding
• The script can have up to 11 modulation profiles(depending 0 QPSK
on the channel bandwidth). 1 8QAM
• Capacity is dictated by ch. Bandwidth and Modulation 2 16QAM
3 32QAM
• Lower the modulation is, the more sensitive the receiver:
• More system gain 4 64QAM
• Bigger fade margin 5 128QAM
• At lower modulation orders the radio link will tolerate lower 6 256QAM
RSL levels. For ex: 7 512QAM
• With 16QAM the radio will drop at (-78 dBm) whereas with 8QAM
8 1024QAM (high FEC)
the radio will drop at (-82dBm)
9 1024QAM (low FEC)
10 2048QAM
246
7/17/2017
MRMC configuration – IP20C
4
3
Radio Settings : MRMC Configuration Port #2
• Configuration Steps:
Port #1
1
4
247
7/17/2017
Radio Settings – 7: MRMC Configuration
Radio Settings – MRMC Status
Port #2
Port #1
Shows current ACM Profile and according

Bitrate on both channels (full duplex)
ACM profile can be different on Tx and Rx.
248
7/17/2017
Asymmetrical Maximum Modulation Profile

• In older CeraOS, with a different ACM configuration, MSE would be -99, link down.
MSE -99
ACM: ACM:
Max 10 Max 8
Min 2 Min 2
• From CeraOS 9.0, the maximum configured ACM profile can be different on each side of the link,
the link will still operate, to avoid -99 MSE with ACM misconfigured.
• Operates at the lowest ACM set on the 2 sides.
ACM: ACM:
Max 10 Max 6
Min 2 Min 2
Proprietary and Confidential ACM Operates at profile 6 497
TX and RX frequency settings
4
8
249
7/17/2017
Frequency settings
H L
Tx(f1) Rx(f1)
Carrier #1 Rx(f1’) Tx(f1’) Carrier #1

Tx(f2) Rx(f2)
Carrier #2 Rx(f2’) Tx(f2’) Carrier #2
High station means: Tx(f1,f2) > Rx(f1’,f2’)
Low station means: Tx(f1’,f2’) < Rx(f1,f2)
Frequency settings
Carrier
Freq. settings
Carrier #1 settings
Carrier #2 settings
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Frequency settings
Carrier #1 (slot 2 is slots with Radios)
RFU type
XPIC is supported
Current information about the link
Frequency settings for TX and RX
TX level setting
Radio muted: Mute – ON(radio off) / OFF(radio on)
RSL Connector Source – for antenna alignment
Link ID – see next slides
Adaptive TX Power admin – can increase gain of
system as modulation comes down
Frequency settings
TX level setting
251
7/17/2017
LINK ID
5
3
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process

• A radio flag called LINK ID can be used for marking links.
• Both elements (A & B) in link need to use the same Link ID (1 65535).
• This is useful when more links share the frequency, to avoid alignment with another antenna (F1=F1).
• When “Link ID Mismatch” alarm is present, element might show misalignment.
• Link ID mismatch – not blocking traffic by default, but can be configured to drop all received traffic, via CLI
A, Link id #222, B C, Link id #222, D

Frequency 1
A, Link id #101 B, Link id #101
Freq. 1 Freq. 1
“Link ID Mismatch”
Overshooting Interference
C, Link id #102 D, Link id #102
Frequency 1 H L H L
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
B101 might be getting strong interference from The D site could get Link ID mismatch because of
C102, because C102 is misaligned (probably with frequency reuse, good propagation, and the high
a side lobe of another antenna). transmit power in Site A
252
7/17/2017
LINK ID Setting
Link ID – setting must

be same on both ends
Link ID mismatch usage

• Default behavior first, Link ID mismatch raised, but traffic is going.
253
7/17/2017
Link ID mismatch security enabled

• Link-ID alarm raised but traffic is up, then CLI Command executed and traffic gets dropped after:
platform security link-id mismatch security set admin enable
Monitoring
5
8
254
7/17/2017
Monitoring – what do we monitor?

✓ ACM and MSE– Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE PPS)
✓ Monitored RSL – Actual Receive level [dBm]
✓ Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
✓ Performance & Statistics
Monitoring – Radio Parameters
TX level setting
255
7/17/2017
Monitoring - MRMC Status
Port #2
Port #1
Shows current ACM Profile and according

Bitrate on both channels (full duplex)
ACM profile can be different on Tx and Rx.
WHAT WAS DISCUSSED

✓ Radio Link Parameters
✓ MRMC scripts
✓ MRMC configuration – IP20C
✓ TX and RX frequency settings
✓ LINK ID
✓ Monitoring
256
7/17/2017
Thank You
257

Manual de Instalacion Ceragon

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Manual de Instalacion Ceragon

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7/17/2017

Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course

[Ceragon Certified Rollout Professional]

Proprietary and Confidential 2017

Terms and Conditions

Proprietary and Confidential 2

Agenda of this course

3. Installation Types: 7. Towers, Earthing and Grounding Procedures

Proprietary and Confidential 3

Proprietary and Confidential

General Safety Guidelines

Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course

Proprietary and Confidential 2017

Proprietary and Confidential 6

General Rules for your Safety

Proprietary and Confidential 7

General Rules for your Safety

Proprietary and Confidential 8

Personal Protective Equipment - PPI

• Proper weights carrying!

Proprietary and Confidential 9

Working at Heights: work above, below ground level

Proprietary and Confidential 10

Working at Heights guidelines

Proprietary and Confidential 11

Selecting right equipment

Proprietary and Confidential 12

Rules and considerations

• ensure you can get safely to and from site

• provide protection from falling objects

Proprietary and Confidential 13

Safety Definitions When Working in a Cell Site

Proprietary and Confidential 14

Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site

• Ensure that safety equipment(PPE) is worn during working hours.

• Take extra precautions when climbing after rain or fog.

• A 1st Aid kit should be made available on site

Proprietary and Confidential 15

Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site

• Don’t walk or stand under the load.

• Any loose bracing of the tower MUST be fixed immediately.

• Make sure the ladder is long enough.

• Check and ensure tower Earthing.

• Visually check the tower for any insects/birds’ nests etc

• Test the safety harness with whole weight of your body

• No climbing during bad weather

Proprietary and Confidential 16

Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site

• DO NOT leave equipment on parapets

• Always obtain any permits that may be required

• Ensure that safe distances are maintained away from antennas.

• Danger! RF Radiation! Do not touch tower ! Access to Authorized Personnel Only.

Proprietary and Confidential 17

What was discussed

Proprietary and Confidential

Types of Microwave Installations

Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course

Proprietary and Confidential 2017

Proprietary and Confidential 21

Serving global markets

PUBLIC SAFETY WIRELESS ISP’S UTILITIES OFFSHORE, OIL & GAS

Proprietary and Confidential 23

Delivering value through vertical integration

FibeAir IP-20 Platform