MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

A
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
ON
" TYPES OF PRESSURE "

SUBMITTED BY
Sr.No. Name of student Exam
seat no
1 Khose akshay ramchandra 225963
2 Hinge Bhushan balaso 225958
4 Kokate Shashank Raosaheb 225960

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr.SUNSULE A.B.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

S.R.E.I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE
TAL-JUNNER,DIST-PUNE 412410

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION,MUMBAI
S.R.E.I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE
TAL-JUNNER,DIST-PUNE 412410

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Khose Akshay Ramchandra
Have satisfactorily completed Micro Project on
" TYPES OF PRESSURE "
As a part of Syllabus of HRY(22401)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For the partial fulfillment of

Diploma in Civil Engineering

In the academic year 2022-23

SUBJECT TEACHER H.O.D.

(Sunsule A.B.) (Kamble V.P)

PRINCIPAL
(Kapile A.S)
2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project is done as a semester project, as a part course titled “ Types of pressure ’’
We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Kapile A.S and The HOD Prof.
Kamble V.P ,Civil Department, Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe for his invaluable guidance and
assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible.We
also thanks Mr. Shinde sir For giving this opportunity to explore into the real world and realize
the interrelation without which a Project can never progress.

In my present project I have chosen the topic “Types of pressure”.

I also thankful to parents, friend and all staff of Civil engineering department, for
providing me relevant information and Necessary clarifications and great support.

Name of student- KHOSE AKSHAY RAMCHANDRA

Enrollment No- 2209920135

3
 ABSTRACT

The hydraulic pressure, the clamping force, and the piston position of the swing clamp
are being extracted as features to enable the monitoring of the state of the clamping system in
accordance with the sensor concept. The hydraulic pressure is derived from the measured signal
of the upper SG two quarter-bridge. It is directly proportional to the hydraulic pressure according
to the simulation-based design. For the calibration, a reference signal of a pressure sensor is
necessary.

To measure the forces that act at the clamping arm, e.g., the clamping force, a calibration
is performed on a reference force signal. Furthermore, with a known relationship between the
clamping force and the hydraulic pressure the calibration can be performed using only the
pressure sensor. Then, the application of a force sensor is not necessary for the calibration.

4
 INDEX

Sr. No. Details Page No.

1 Rubrics

2 Logbook

3 Project Work (Introduction)

4 Project Work (Main Details)

5 Project Work (Conclusion)

6 Resources/ References

5
Actual procedure followed :

Sign of
Sr. Activity Activity
Subject
No. Details of Activity Start Date Finish
Teacher
date
Select a project name with the help of a subject
1 teacher. Teacher guide the how to make a project.

Discuss the Micro project subject with group

2 members and how to collect the information.

Collect the information with the help of textbook ,

3 reference books. Note down the main points with
the help of group members.

Collect information and diagram to saw the

4 teacher. Teacher guide to how to prepare a
report of micro Project.

Made the micro project report with the help of

5 group members and printout the pages and made a
file of micro project

Check the project with the help of teacher and

6 submit the micro project report.

6
 Chapter No 1

INTRODUCTION

It is essential to know some basic elements of physics and their units, along with types to
understand various concepts in a better way. Basic concepts such as temperature, pressure,
atmosphere, velocity, force, magnitude, density, current, light, sound and many more.

The hydraulic pressure, the clamping force, and the piston position of the swing clamp
are being extracted as features to enable the monitoring of the state of the clamping system in
accordance with the sensor concept. The hydraulic pressure is derived from the measured signal
of the upper SG two quarter-bridge. It is directly proportional to the hydraulic pressure according
to the simulation-based design. For the calibration, a reference signal of a pressure sensor is
necessary.

To measure the forces that act at the clamping arm, e.g., the clamping force, a calibration is
performed on a reference force signal. Furthermore, with a known relationship between the
clamping force and the hydraulic pressure the calibration can be performed using only the
pressure sensor. Then, the application of a force sensor is not necessary for the calibration, let us
know more. about pressure and types of pressure in details.

7
 CHAPTER NO : 2

METHODOLOGY

What is Pressure?

Pressure is defined as the force applied at the right angles to the surface of an object per
unit area over which that force is distributed. There are specified sensors to measure the different
types of pressure.

SI unit of pressure is pascal (Pa) and is denoted by the letter ‘p’. Pressure is a scalar quantity.

It is given by the formula:

P= F/A = mg/A

Where,

p is the pressure

F is the magnitude of the force

A is the surface area in contact

8
The weight of the atmosphere pushing down on each unit area of the earth’s surface constitutes
atmospheric pressure. There are many types of pressure, let us know more about it.

Types Of Pressure :

Pressure is classified into three types, they are:

• Absolute pressure
• Gauge pressure
• Differential pressure
• Sealed pressure or vacuum pressure

i) Absolute Pressure :

It is the type of pressure which takes vacuum or air-free space as the reference. This type
of pressure changes as the location changes since there is a change in the atmospheric pressure
differences. By using a device like an absolute pressure sensor, it eliminates the reference to
varying atmospheric pressure and relies on a specific pressure range for reference.

9
ii) Gauge Pressure :

Gauge pressure is the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
Gauge pressure is also known as relative pressure. The measured pressure is compared to the
standard atmospheric pressure at the sea level. Pressure sensors that are used to measure the
gauge pressure feature a vent that lets the device use the atmospheric pressure as its reference
point. The measured value can be both positive and negative. The positive values are called
overpressure. If the gauge pressure value is negative, it is called underpressure or partial vacuum.

If the measured pressure is higher than the standard atmospheric pressure and is equal to the
absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure.

If the measured pressure is then lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, it is subtracted by
the absolute pressure from the atmospheric pressure.

Gauge pressure lets you take the reference of the atmospheric pressure as per the location where
it is installed.

10
iii) Differential Pressure :

Differential pressure is a type of gauge pressure that is the difference between the two pressures.
It helps to measure the pressure difference between two different points. Differential pressure is
used for flow and level measurement applications. Differential pressure is represented using the
suffix “d”.

iv) Sealed Pressure :

The vacuum is a space where the absolute pressure is zero. Perfect vacuum condition is
difficult to achieve practically and is only a theoretical value. When the pressure is lower than
the atmospheric pressure vacuum is created. Practically, the vacuum will only be partially
achieved and is known as the partial vacuum. A high vacuum means that the absolute pressure is
very low.

The pressure is measured with reference to a sealed chamber closed with atmospheric
pressure. The sealed sensor is used to measure the sealed pressure and is made of a sensing
element that is sealed to make it air-tight and avoid further changes in the pressure due to change
in atmospheric conditions. Sealed pressure is used to protect pressure transducers from damage.

11
 Vacuum Pressure :
A vacuum pressure gauge measures vacuum pressure, which is lower than atmospheric pressure.
A vacuum gauge is found in many industrial, laboratory research, and automotive applications.
This article covers how vacuum pressure gauges work, their typical applications, and what to pay
attention to when selecting them. Read our pressure gauge overview article to learn more about
other pressure gauges.

How does a vacuum pressure gauge work?

The following list explains the various components of a vacuum pressure gauge and how they
work together to provide accurate pressure readings.

1. A vacuum pressure gauge uses a sensor to measure the difference in pressure between the
device and the surrounding atmosphere.
2. The sensor, typically a bourdon tube or diaphragm, will change position or shape in
response to changes in pressure.
3. A mechanical linkage connects the sensor to a pointer on a gauge dial, allowing the
pressure reading to be easily read by the user.
4. The gauge may also have electronic components that convert the mechanical movement
of the sensor into an electrical signal. The signal can display the vacuum gauge pressure
reading on a digital display or send the data to a remote monitoring system.

12
What are typical applications for vacuum gauges?
Industrial use: To control pressure in industrial processes like vacuum drying or distillation.

• Pick and place: Vacuum pick and place applications are spread throughout many
industries, such as the automotive, food & beverage, manufacturing, pharmaceutical,
chemical, and nautical industries.
• Medical equipment: In suction devices and vacuum-assisted delivery systems.
• HVAC systems: When pulling a vacuum during installation or repair of a refrigerant
circuit. Pulling a vacuum means evacuating air and matter from the system.
• Research: To measure and control pressure in laboratory experiments. For example,
measuring the pressure in a vacuum to see how materials behave at low pressures.
• Automotive: To monitor vacuum in brake systems that have a brake booster, which
controls proper power breaking.
• Food Processing: To monitor pressure levels in vacuum packaging machines.
• Pharmaceuticals: To monitor pressure levels in vacuum drying and granulation processes.
• Fire service water pump system: The systems that fire services use to pump water are
typically fitted with special vacuum gauges called compound gauges. Compound gauges
can measure positive and negative pressure.

13
 CONCLUSION

We learnt about different types of fluids and we know about pumps. Based on our observations,
we conclude that these advantages of centrifugal pumps.

• Transportation of fluid, relatively with high speed

• Centrifugal pumps are most used for commercial purpose.

• Centrifugal pumps have simple shapes so ultimately it is most effective

• Less power consumption

• Working mechanism is simple

• Can be used for pump separated for toxic fluid

• Not used for volatile or viscous fluid

14
 REFERENCES

1. Pump classifications. Fao.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-25.

2. ^ Engineering Sciences Data Unit (2007). "Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps.
Introduction" (PDF).
3. ^ "Understanding positive displacement pumps | PumpScout". Retrieved 2018-01-03.
4. ^ "The Volumetric Efficiency of Rotary Positive Displacement
Pumps". www.pumpsandsystems.com. 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
5. ^ inc., elyk innovation. "Positive Displacement Pumps - LobePro Rotary
Pumps". www.lobepro.com. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
6. ^ "Eccentric Disc Pumps". PSG.
7. ^ "Hollow Disc Rotary Pumps". APEX Equipment.
8. ^ "M Pompe | Hollow Oscillating Disk Pumps | self priming pumps | reversible pumps | low-
speed pumps". www.mpompe.com.
9. ^ "Hollow disc pumps". Pump Supplier Bedu.
10. ^ "3P PRINZ - Hollow rotary disk pumps - Pompe 3P - Made in Italy". www.3pprinz.com.
11. ^ "Hollow Disc Pump". magnatexpumps.com.
12. ^ "Hollow Rotary Disc Pumps". November 4, 2014.

15
 TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

Name of Student :- Khose Akshay Ramchandra

Enrollment No: 225963

Name of Program : HYDRAULICS

Semester: IV

Course Title: Diploma in Civil Engineering

Course Code: 22401

Title of Microproject : types of pressure.

16
 Planned Start Planned Name of Responsible
S. Details of activity
No.
Date Finish date Team Members
1 Search micro project topics related Khose Akshay Ramchandra

To subject.
Kokate Shashank Raosaheb.
2 Selection of micro project title
3 Search & collect information Hinge Bhushan Balasaheb.
related to selected topic
4 Completion of micro project topic

Proposal
5 Analyze & finalize collected data
For micro-Project report.
6 Finalize Design
7 Implementation of micro project
8 Report preparation, finalization,
Submission

Resourced Required :

S. No. Name of Resource /Material Specifications Qty. Remarks

1 Window10 EDIT
1 PC
2 Details of types of pumps NOTES
1 Book

17
 Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
(Please tick in appropriate cell for each characteristic)

Charact Poor Average Goo Excellent

e d
No ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
be 10 )
assessed

1 Relevanc Relate to very few Related to some Take care of at Take care
e to the LOs Los least one CO of more
course than one
CO

2 Not more than two At-least 5 relevant At –least 7 About 10

Literatur sources (primary sources, at least 2 relevant sources, relevant
e and secondary), latest most latest sources,
Survey very old reference most latest
/informat
ion
collectio
n
3 Complet Completed less Completed 50 to Completed 60 to Completed
i on of than 50% 60% 80% more than
the 80 %
Target
asper
project
proposal
4 Analysis Sample Size small, Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough
of Data data neither appropriate appropriate Data
and organized nor sample, enough sample, enough collected by
represent presented well data generated but data generated sufficient
ation not organized which is and
and not presented organized and appropriate
well. No or poor presented well but Sample
inferences drawn poor inferences size. Proper
drawn inferences
drawn by
organising
And
presenting
Data
through

18
S Charact Poor Average Goo Excellent
e d
r. ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
No be 10 )
. assesse
d
tables,
charts and
graphs.

5 Quality Incomplete Just Well Well

of fabrication/asse Assembled assembled/fabric assembled
Protot mbly. /fabricated and ated with proper /fabricated
y pe/ parts are not functioning parts.In with proper
Model functioning well. proper shape, functioning
Not in proper within tolerance parts. In
shape, dimensions dimensions and proper
beyond tolerance good shape,
limit. finish/appearanc within
Appearance/finis h e. But no creativity tolerance
is shabby. in design and use of dimension s
material and good
finish/appear
ance.
Creativity
in design
and use of
material

6 Report Very short, poor Nearly sufficient Detailed, correct Very

Preparat quality sketches, and correct details and clear detailed,
ion Details about about methods, description of correct,
methods, material, material, methods, clear
precaution and precautions and materials, description
conclusions conclusion, but precautions and of methods,
omitted, some clarity is not there Conclusions. materials,
details are wrong in presentation. Sufficient Graphic precautions
But not enough Description. and
graphic conclusion
description. s. Enough
tables,
charts and
sketches

19
7 Present Major information Includes major Includes major Well
ation is not included, information but not information and organized,
information is not well organized and well organized but includes
well organized. notpresented well not presentedwell major
informatio
n ,well
presented
8 Any other
(depending upon
nature of
project: please
indicators by
indien)
Defense Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly Replied
9 considerablenumber considerable to considerable mos
of question. number of number of t of
questions but not question. the
very properly questio
ns
properl
y

20
 Microproject Evaluation Sheet

Sr. Name of students (A) Process and (B) Individual Total

No. ProductAssessment (6 Marks ) Presentation/ Marks (10)
Viva(4 Marks)
1) Khose akshay
Ramchandra
2) Hinge Bhushan Balasaheb
4) Kokate Shashank
Raosaheb

Comment/Suggestion about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication

(if any)

……………………….……………………….……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….……………………………………………………………………

Name and Signature Dated Signature

(Mr. Sunsule A.B.)

21