Department of Chemical Engineering, NITK

Tutorial-XII: Heat Transfer (CH250)

09-02-2024

1) Liquid nitrogen boiling at 77 K is stored in a 15 litres spherical container of

diameter 32 cm. The container is surrounded by a concentric spherical shell of
diameter 36 cm at a temperature of 303 K and the space between the two spheres
is evacuated. The surfaces of the spheres facing each other are silvered and have
an emissivity of 0.03. Taking the latent heat of vaporisation for liquid nitrogen to
be 201 kJ/kg, find the rate at which the nitrogen evaporates.

2) The space between two concentric spherical vessels is completely evacuated.

The inner sphere contains air at 76 K. The ambient temperature is 300 K. The
surface of the spheres are highly polished (ε = 0.04). Find the rate of evaporation
of liquid air per hour.
Diameter of inner sphere = 250 mm
Diameter of outer sphere = 350 mm
Latent heat of vaporisation of air = 200 kJ/kg

3) A double walled flask may be idealised to be equivalent to two infinite parallel

plates. The emissivities of walls are 0.3 and 0.7 respectively. The space between
them is evacuated. A shield of polished aluminium of ε = 0.05 is inserted between
them. Find the reduction in heat transfer due to insertion of radiation shield.

4) Two long plates A and B are maintained at 600 K and 300 K and their surface
emissivities are 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. Two thin radiation shields C and D having
emissivities 0.5 and 0.4 are introduced between the given plates. The plates are
in order A, C, D and B. Assuming all the plates to be infinitely long, find the rate
of heat exchange per unit area and steady-state temperatures attained by the
plates C & D.

5) A pipe carrying steam having an outside diameter of 200 mm runs in a large

room and is exposed to air at a temperature of 33 K. The pipe surface
temperature is 673 K. Calculate the loss of heat to the surroundings per meter
length of pipe due to thermal radiation. The emissivity of the pipe material is 0.8.
What would be the loss of heat due to radiation if the pipe is enclosed in a 400
mm diameter brick conduit of emissivity 0.91?
6) Two parallel black plates 0.5 by 1.0 m are spaced 0.5 m apart, plate 1 is
maintained at 1273 K and plate 2 is maintained at 773 K. What is the net radiant
heat exchange between the plates? Total F12 = 0.285.

7) Determine the fraction of the radiation leaving the base of the cylindrical
enclosure that escapes through a coaxial ring opening at its top surface. The
radius and the length of the enclosure are r1 = 10 cm and L =10 cm, while the inner
and outer radii of the ring are r2 =5 cm and r3 = 8 cm, respectively.

8) Consider the 5-m x 5-m x 5-m cubical furnace whose surfaces closely
approximate black surfaces. The base, top, and side surfaces of the furnace are
maintained at uniform temperatures of 800 K, 1500 K, and 500 K, respectively.
Determine (a) the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and the
side surfaces, (b) the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and
the top surface, and (c) the net radiation heat transfer from the base surface.