CLASS XII BIOLOGY (2023-2024 )

Chapter-wise Most Important Questions

1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

1. Structure of Stamen
2. Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis
3. Transverse section of a young anther
4. Differentiate between vegetative cell and generative cell
5. Diagram of a typical anatropous ovule
6. Diagram of embryo sac
7. Formation of embryo sac
8. Explain different kinds of pollination / differentiate between type qs .
9. What are the characteristics of a wind pollinated flower
10. What are out breeding devices
11. Explain the process of artificial hybridization
12. Explain double fertilization with the help of a diagram
13. Differentiate between albuminous seed and non-albuminous seed
14. Draw a well labelled diagram of a Dicot embryo
15. Differentiate between true fruits and false fruits
16. What are parthenocarpic fruits ?

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2. Human Reproduction

1. Draw a well labelled diagram of male reproductive system/ female

reproductive system and explain its all parts with Functions
2. Draw a well labelled diagram of mammary gland of human female and
explain its parts
3. Write a short note on female external genitalia
4. Differentiate between Oogenesis and spermatogenesis
5. Explain the process of oogenesis / spermatogenesis
6. Draw a well labelled diagram of human sperm
7. Draw a sectional view of ovary
8. Write a short note on menstrual cycle with the help of a well labelled
diagram
9. Explain fetal ejection reflex.
10. Name the various hormones secreted by human females only during
pregnancy and explain their functions.

3. Reproductive Health

1. Explain different methods of contraception

2. Differentiate between….. Different methods of contraception. ( Natural
and Surgical methods of contraception)
3. Write a short note on assisted reproductive technologies

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4. Principles of Inheritance & Variation

1. List the contrasting traits studied by Mendel

2. Differentiate between dominant allele and recessive allele
3. Explain different laws of Mendel / Explain ( any one law )
4. Write a short note on incomplete dominance
5. Differentiate between pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance
6. Explain the process of sex determination in Honey Bee
7. Pedigree analysis question
8. Write a short note on ( any 1 / 2 mendelian disorders )
9. Write a short note on chromosomal disorders / differentiate between
different types of chromosomal disorders

5. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

1. Explain the double helix structure of DNA

2. Draw well labelled diagram of nucleosome and explain its parts
3. Explain Griffith’s experiment
4. Explain Hershey and Chase experiment with the help of a well labelled
diagram
5. Explain Matthew Meselson’s and Franklin stahl’s experiment
6. Explain the process of DNA replication
7. Explain the process of transcription
8. Write a short note on transcription
9. Differentiate between transcription and translation
10. Explain the different types of RNAs with their functions
11. Explain pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotes
12. Explain salient features of genetic code
13. Write a short note on tRNA with the help of a well labelled diagram
14. Write a short note on lac operon
15. Explain the goals of Human genome project
16. Write a short note on DNA fingerprinting
17. Explain saline features of Human genome

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6. Evolution

1. Explain Miller’s experiment with the help of a well labelled diagram

2. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs / convergent
and divergent evolution
3. Write a short note on Hardy Weinberg principle
4. Write a short note on origin and evolution of man

7. Human health and Disease

1. Differentiate between Infectious and Non-infectious disease

2. Explain the Life Cycle of Plasmodium
3. Innate Immunity ( types of barriers )
4. Explain the Structure of Antibody molecule
5. Write a short note on AIDS
6. Write a short note on Cancer
7. Explain different Types of Drugs
8. Short note on Effects of Drug/ Alcohol abuse – Prevention & Control
9. Differentiate between innate immunity and acquired immunity

8. Microbes in Human Welfare

1. Write a short note on sewage treatment

2. Draw a well labelled diagram of a biogas plant

9. Biotechnology: Principles & Processes

1. Explain the process of recombinant DNA technology

2. Draw a labelled diagram of PBR 322
3. Explain the process of Polymerase chain reaction

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10. Biotechnology & its Applications

1. Write a short note on green revolution

2. Write a short note on tissue culture
3. Write a short note on RNA interference
4. Explain the process of maturation of pro-insulin into insulin
5. Write a short note on gene therapy
6. Explain the role of transgenic animals

11. Organisms & Populations

1. Short note on Age Pyramids

2. List the Factors affecting population density
3. Explain different Growth models
4. Differentiate between exponential growth and Logistic growth
5. Population Interactions ( Differentiation type Qs.)
6. Write a short note on Brood parasitism

12. Ecosystem

1. Write a short note on decomposition

2. Differentiate between detritus Food chain and grazing food chain
3. Differentiate between Food chain and Food web

13. Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Species Area Relationships

2. Causes of Biodiversity losses
3. Reasons of Biodiversity Conservation
4. In situ Conservation v/s Ex situ Conservation

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