A.

P
Demand – dami ng produkto at serbisyo nais at kayang bilhin ng mamimili sa isang takdang panhon at presyo

Presyo – independent variable, Ceteris Paribus - presyo lamang ang salik na nakaka-apekto

Demand (Inverse)

P QD P QD

3 Paraan ng Pagpapakita ng Konsepto ng Demand

1. Demand Schedule - Table

2. Demand Function - Computation
3. Demand Curve – Graph o Slope

Qd = 750 – 10P

Punto Presyo Quantity Demand

A 15 600
B 30 450

Pagkuha ng Presyo

Qd = 750 – 10P

10P = 750 – Qd
10 10

P = 750 – 600
. 10

P = 150
. 10

P = 15

Pagkuha ng Quantity Demand (Parehas lang din sa Quantity Supply)

Qd = 750 – 10P

Qd = &50 – 10(30)

Qd = 750 – 300

Qd = 450

Substitution Effect – paghanap ng alternatibo sa isang produkto

Income Effect – kung bababa ang presyo ng produkto o serbisyo at hindi nagbabago ang kita nya

Mga Salik na nakaaapekto sa Demand

 Kita
 Presyo ng mga Kaugnay o Kapalit na Produkto – pagpili ng mas mura kaysa doon sa mas mahal
 Personal na Panlasa
  Inaasahan na mga Pangyayari – iba’t ibang kalagayan o pangyayari na maaring makapagbago sa demand
ng isang bagay
 Dami ng Mamimili

Elastisidad – paraan na ginagamit upang masukat ang pagtugon sa kung gaano kalaki ang magiging pagtugon sa
quantity demanded

Ed =

Mga Uri at Katangian ng Elastisidad ng Demand

 Elastic (Ed > 1) – pag mataas ang pagbabago sa QD kaysa sa pagbabago sa P

 Inelastic (Ed < 1) – pag mataas ang pagbabago sa P kaysa sa pagbabago sa QS
 Unitary {w/o Elastic} (Ed = 1) – porsiyento ng pagbabago sa QD ay pareho ng pagbabago sa P
 Perfectly Elastic (Ed = infinity) – kahit tumaas ang QD hindi magbabago ang P
 Perfectly Inelastic (Ed = 0) – kahit tumaas ang P hindi magbabago ang QD

Supply/Suplay – dami ng produkto at serbisyo na handa at nais ipagbili ng isang supplier sa isang takdang panahon
at presyo

Individual Supply – kahandaan ng isang particular na negosyante na magsuplay ng isang produkto o serbisyo

Market Supply – kolektibo o pinag-samasamang suplay mula sa iba’t ibang negosyante

Supply (Direct)

P QD P QD

Mga Salik na Nakaaapekto sa Suplay

 Teknolohiya
 Presyo ng mga Salik ng Produksiyon
 Mga Inaasahang Pangyayari
 Bilang ng Suplayer
 Buwis at Subsidiyo

Hoarding o Pagtinggal – sa pagbili ng malakihan o maramihang bilang ng isang particular na produkto

Mga Uri at Katangian ng Elastisidad ng Demand

 Elastic (Es > 1) – pag mataas ang pagbabago sa QS kaysa sa pagbabago sa P

 Inelastic (Es < 1) – pag mataas ang pagbabago sa P kaysa sa pagbabago sa QS
 Unitary {w/o Elastic} (Es = 1) – porsiyento ng pagbabago sa QS ay pareho lang ng pagbago sa P
 Perfectly Elastic (Es = infinity) – kahit tumaas ang QS hindi magbabago ang P
 Perfectly Inelastic (Es = 0) – kahit tumaas ang P hindi magbabago ang QS

M.A.P.E.H
Romanticism

 they rejected the concept of rationalization and conventionalism of the classical period
 is a revolt against strict rules, established laws, formulas, balance, and idealization that characterized
classicism
  it is not about love or romance; it is all about nature, childhood, supernatural and gothic elements,
rebellion, nationalism, patriotism, heroism, passion, freedom, and Self-expression
 “Art with the Heart” that is how we describe artworks of the Romantic period
 Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged the transition between the classical and the romantic periods. His latter
works expanded the classical musical style, which gave birth to romanticism
 Romantic music featured freedom, creativity, emotion, imagination, and experimentation
 As a result of innovation musical style became louder, longer, and bigger. Richer harmonies, denser
textures, and a wider range of pitch and song-like melodies became evident
 This is the “Golden Age of Virtuoso”

Program Music – an instrumental music that narrates a story through music

3 Main kinds of Program Music

1. Concert Overture – an overture used for a concert performance

2. Program Symphony – a multi-movement orchestral music that follows the same structure, usually
extended
3. Symphonic Poem or tone poem – introduced by Franz Liszt, similar to a concert overture but the scope of
subjects is wider and not limited

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

 A famous Russian composer

 Entered the St. Petersburg Conservatory to study music
 Moved to Moscow and got a teaching position at the Moscow Conservatory
 The Nutcracker and Sleeping Beauty
 Died on Nov. 6,1893

Piano Music

1. Nocturne – has a soft, sad, romantic, or dreamy character. Typically for the piano
2. Etude – designed to improve the technique of the player
3. Polonaise – a polish dance
4. Mazurka – a lively polish folkdance
5. Prelude – an independent piece and does not necessarily prelude a larger work

Fredric Chopin

 A Polish composer known for his brilliant solo piano works and concertos
 Was a child prodigy
 Studied at Warsaw Conservatory of Music and later moved to Vienna
 His music was associated with nationalism
 Died on Oct. 17,1849 at the age of 39
 Was buried in Paris but his heart was interned at a church in Warsaw

Individualism – the uniqueness in a person

Camille Saint-Saens

 A French composer and an organist

 Born in Paris, France on Oct. 9,1835
  Studied organ and composition at the Paris Conservatory
 Became an organist at the Church of the Madeleine in 1857
 “Samson et Dalila”, “The Carnival of Animals”, “Symphony No.3”, and “Le Rouet d’Omphale” (Omphale’s
Spinning Wheel)

Franz Liszt

 Was a Hungarian piano virtuoso and composer

 Born on Oct. 22, 1811 at Raiding, Hungary
 Studied under Carl Czerny, a violinist virtuoso, in Vienna, Austria
 He wanted to be the Paganini of piano when he watched Czerny’s concert
 Known for his demanding and difficult piano works
 Died of pneumonia on July 3,1886

Hector Berlioz

 Louis-Hector Berlioz a French composer and conductor

 Born on Dec. 11,1803 in La Cote-St-Andre, Isere, France
 “Symphonic Fantastique”,”Romeo et Juliette”, and “La damnation de Faust”
 Was also a well-known writer and critic

Robert Schumann

 A German composer
 Born on June 8,1810 in Zwickau, Germany
 Studied piano under Johann Gottlob Friedrich Wieck who later became his father-in-law
 Suffered from bipolar disorder
 Attempted suicide 2 and then died at the age of 46
 “Papillons (op.2)”, ”Toccata in C”, ”Symphony Etudes”, ”Carnaval (op.9)”, ”Fantasiestucke”, ”Warum”, ”In
der Nacht”, ”Faschingschwank aus Wien”, ”Kinderszenen”, and ”Traumerei”

Neoclassicism

 Characterized by the rational thinking and modernization of classicism

 European enlightenment gave birth to neoclassicism, started in Europe in 1750 and ended in 1850
 Neoclassical characterized the rational thinking and modernization of Classicism, but with a politically
charged spirit
 Neoclassical art developed as a reaction to the excessive rococo and highly emotional Baroque Styles
 An artistic and cultural period that placed importance in reason, order, and scientific inquiry
 Lacks emotion and has clear form, shallow space, restrained colors, and strong vertical and horizontal
lines

Famous Neoclassical painters and their works

 Anton Raphael Mengs – The Penitent Mary Magdalene (1752), Parnassus (1761), and The Immaculate
Conception (1770–1779)
 Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres – La Grande Odalisque (1814), The Valpincon Bather (1808), and Portrait
of Madame Moitessier (1844–1856)
 Jacques-Louis David – Oath of the Horatii (1784), The Lictors Bringing to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons
(1789), and Death of Marat (1793)
  Angelica Kauffmann – Self Portrait (1787)
 Jean-Germain Drouais – The Dying Athlete (Wounded Roman Soldier) (1785)
 Anne-Louis Girodet de (Roucy/Roussy)- Trioson – The Burial of Atlas (1808)

Neoclassical Sculpture

 Valued calmness and stillness

 Was also frontal, a clear opposition to the dynamism in Baroque Works

Famous Neoclassical sculptors and their works

 Franz Xaver Messerschmidt – Character Head series of 69 portrait busts

 Jean-Baptiste Pigalle – Voltaire (1770–1776)
 Joseph Nollekens – Venus (1773)
 John Flaxman – The Fury of Athamas (1790–1792) and Admiral Horatio Nelson (1808)
 Antonio Canova – Apollo Crowning Himself (1781), Theseus and the Minotaur (1781–1783), Psyche
Revived by Cupid’s Kiss (1793), The Crown Princesses Louise & Friederike of Prussia (1797), and Paolina
Borghese as Venus Victrix (1805–1807)
 Bertel Thorvaldsen – Jason with the Golden Fleece (1803), Alexander the Great Entering Babylon (1812),
Cupid and Psyche (1796–1797), and Perseus and the Head of Medusa (1797-1801)

Neoclassical Architecture

 In Europe, the first Neoclassical structures were built side by side with baroque structures
 Known for clean and elegant lines, simplicity of geometric forms, and grandeur of scale
 Building features: orderly appearance, blank walls, and dramatic columns
 Is divided into 3 types: (1) Temple, (2) Palladian, and (3) Classical Block Buildings

3 Types of Neoclassical Architecture

 Temple style
 they feature a design hardly ever found in the architecture in the architecture during the
Renaissance Period
 Peristyle – a line of columns around the building
 Sir Robert Smirke (1780–1867) – the Greek-Inspired British Museum in London
 Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713–1780) – the Roman-inspired Pantheon in Paris
 Palladian
 Derives its name from Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), one of the most influential of late Italian
Renaissance
 Robert Adam (1728–1792) – known for many country houses he designed, one of the most well-
known Palladian Architects in Britain during the Neoclassical Period, and one of his architectures
is the Osterley Park
 
 Classical block Building
 Features a massive square or rectangular block with a classical detail-rich exterior and a flat roof
 Each level of the exterior has a repetitive classical pattern
 Henri Labrouste (1801–1875) – his masterwork is Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve in Paris
 Charles Garnier (1825–1898) – another famous cbb is Palais Garnier (Paris Opera House)

Neoclassical Architects

 Sir Christopher Wren (1632–1723) – the Cathedral Church of St. Paul the Apostle, the Royal Chelsea
Hospital, and the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, labeled as a Baroque Architect
 Sir Robert Smirke (1780–1867) – the Greek-Inspired British Museum in London
 Robert Adam (1728–1792) – the Osterley Park
 Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713–1780) – the Roman-inspired Pantheon in Paris
 Charles Garnier (1825–1898) – another famous cbb is Palais Garnier (Paris Opera House)
 Henri Labrouste (1801–1875) – his masterwork is Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve in Paris

Ball – special formal event intended for dancing, and were held in a large room called a ballroom

Minuet – a lively dance (in 3/4 time signature) done in small steps

Categories of Ballroom Dances

 International Standard Dances – also known as European, modern, and modern ball room dance
1. Waltz – (German word walzen – to turn, to roll, or to glide) 2/4 time signature, “Rise and Fall”
and erect position, started in the suburbs of Vienna and in the Alpine regions of Austria
2. Tango – originated in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is danced in 2/4 time signature, originally known
as a sensual ballroom dance for its “obscenity”, originally performed by women, performed first
time in Europe before WW1, is was then called (Baile Con Corte which means a dance with the
rest)
3. Foxtrot – a dance created by Harry Fox, long continuous flowing movement in 4/4 time signature,
foxtrot draws beautiful lines, holds, and turns
4. Quickstep – a foxtrot performed quickly, originated in the suburbs of New York during WW1, an
energetic fast paced danced with jumps and kicks with quick steps, 4/4 time signature
5. Viennese Waltz – (Wiener Walzer in German) the first ballroom to execute the “close hold
position”, rotary in nature, wherein chain steps are used in shifting directions while turning
clockwise or counterclockwise, 2/4 time signature
 International Latin Dances – originated in Latin America, traits such as expressiveness, intensity, energy,
and sensuality. Partners perform in quick-paced rhythms and playful movements
1. Cha-cha – originated in Cuba, inspired by a slow version of mambo “triple mambo” or a mambo
with guiro (a percussion instrument), first introduced in Britain in 1952 and it was introduced to
America in 1954, 4/4 time signature
2. Samba – a Latin dance originating in Brazil in the 19th century, derived from the Angolan term
Samba “invitation to dance”, 2/4 time signature with fast, lively, and syncopated beats
associated in carnivals and celebration events
3. Rumba – comes from the word rumbear “going to parties, dancing, and having a good time”
known for bodily expressions and fascinating rhythms, 4/4 time signature
 4. Paso Doble – portrays a Spanish bullfight, Male = Matador & Female = Matador’s Cape, created
in France, the term Paso doble “double step” the name is believed to come from the French
Military March paso redoble, 2/4 time signature, also known as the “dance of the master”
5. Jive – influence by boogie, jitterbug, bebop, rock n roll, and Lindy Hop. Is described by high lift of
the knees, upbeat steps, and swinging hip motion. 2/4 time signature

First Aid’s Golden Rule - “Do not do anything if you do not know what to do”

It is important to conduct physical examination first before administering first aid

Shock – a life-threatening condition if there is not enough blood circulation

Pulse – an indication that there is blood circulation in the person

2 Ways to Survey a Scene

1. Primary Survey – DR. ABC

 D = danger – check if it is safe to approach
 R = response – check for the victim’s consciousness
 A = airway – Check if the person’s airway is open
o Conscious Person - ‘five-and-five”
 Five back blows
 Five abdominal thrusts/Heimlich Maneuver
 Alternate between two until blockage is removed

o Unconscious Person – HCM and JHM

 HCM = Head-tilt Chin-lift Maneuver
 JHM = Jaw-thrust without Head-tilt maneuver - do if there is neck/spine injury
 B = breathing
o LLF = Look , Listen , Feel
o Unconscious Person – perform IVM or CPR
 IVM = Initial Ventilatory Maneuver
 CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
 C = circulation – use the middle and index finger to check the pulse near the neck or the wrist

EMA = Emergency Medical Assistance

2. Secondary Survey – only done once the primary survey is dealt with and succeeded from death, DEFGHI
 D = disability – look for any deformities or disabilities
 E = expose and examine – loosen the patients clothing to check his/her condition
 F = full set of vital signs
o Pulse Rate – the measurement of a person’s heart rate
 Children (6 to 15) have an average heart rate at 70-100 beats/minute
 Adults (60 to 100) have an average heart rate at 60-100 beats/minute
 Athletes have an average of 40-60 beats/minute
 o Breathing Rate – the number of breath’s per minute
 The normal breathing rate of adults is 12 and 16 breaths per min.
o Blood Pressure – the force of blood pushing against the artery walls
 Measured using a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope
o Body Temperature – normal body temp. varies
 Normal body temp. is 36.5 C to 37.5 C
 High temp results in fever
 Low temp results in hypothermia

o Skin Color – observe the skin color and temperature of the skin
 Black = a Nigerian
 Blueish = lack of oxygen
 Flushed color = fever or heatstroke
 Pale, cold, and damp skin - shock
 G = give comfort measures – assure the patient everything will be fine
 H = history and head-to-to assessment
o History = SAMPLE
 Symptoms – patient’s chief complaint
 Allergies – what kind of allergy the patient has
 Medications – medications prescribed or presently taken
 Past Medical History – previous illnesses or state of health
 Last Oral Intake – last meal or anything the patient has taken orally Ex.SEMEN
 Events – event prior or leading to the injury or illness
o Head-to-toe Assessment
 Head and Neck
 Eye Pupil Dilation
 Dilated Pupils – state of shock
 Very Small Pupils – poisoned or consumed prohibited drugs Ex.METH
 Small and Bright – person is reactive
 Different sizes – head injury
 No Reaction – DEATH the instant one

 Chest – feel the ribcage

 Abdomen – feel the sides for tenderness or stiffness
 Spine – check if patient can move
 Hips and Pelvis – check if there is any signs of fracture, spinal, or bladder injury
 Legs and Toes – check if there is swelling, bleeding, or deformity in the legs
 Bluish-grey color – suggest injury, poor circulation of blood, or hypothermia
 I = inspect posterior surface – observe any sign of wound, deformities, or dislocation at the posterior
surface

E.S.P
Memory Verse:
“Hindi alam ng masama kung ano ang katarungan ngunit ang mga sumasamba kay Yahweh ay, lubos itong
maiintindihan.” Kawikaan 28:5

“Ang kamay na tamad ay tiyak na magdarahop, ngunit magbubunto ng yamanan ang kamay na masinop”
Kawikaan 10:4

“Ang kayamanang tinamo sa daya ay medaling nawala, ngunit ang kayamanan na pinaghirapan ay pinagpapala”
Kawikaan 13:11

 Kasipagan
 Pagpupunyagi
 Pagtitipid

Kasipagan

 Tumutukoy sa pagsisikap na gawin o tapusin ang isang Gawain na mayroong kalidad

 Tumutulong sa tao na malinang ang iba pang mabubuting katangian tulad ng tiwala sa integridad, disiplina
at kahusayan
 Tumutukoy sa isang tao upang mapaunlad niya ang kanyang pagkatao

Palatandaan ng isang tao nagtataglay ng kasipagan

1. Nagbibigay ng boong kakayahan sa kung ano mang ginagawa

2. Ginagawa ang Gawain na may pagmamahal
3. Hindi umiiwas sa anumang Gawain

Pagpupunyagi

 Ito ay pagtitiyaga na maabot o makuha ang iyong layunin o mithiin sa buhay. Ito ay may kalakip na
pagtitiyaga, pagtitiis, kasipagan at determinasyon
 Mahalagang katangian na makatutulong upang magtagumpay ang isang tao

Pagtitipid

 Ay kakambal ang pagbibigay

 Isang birtud na nagtuturo sa tao na hindi lamang mamumuhay ang isang tao ng masagana kundi gamitin
ang pagtitipid upang higit na makapagbigay sa iba

Ano ang Pagiipon:

1. Proteksiyon sa buhay
2. Makuha ang mga hangarin sa buhay o gusto
3. Pagretiro