Example 2.

10

A reinforced concrete floor is subjected to an imposed load of 4 kN/m2 and spans between
brick walls as shown below. Design the floor with a concrete cover of 25 mm and fcu = 35
N/mm2 and fy = 460 N/mm2

Solution

BS 8110-1:1997 Calculation Output

Overall depth of 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑 = 152𝑚𝑚

𝑑 =
slab 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ∗ 𝑚. 𝑓
Assume d = 155mm and
4250 main steel = 10mm
=
20 ∗ (𝑠𝑎𝑦)1.4

ℎ = 185𝑚𝑚

∅ 10
ℎ=𝑑+ + 𝑐 = 155 + + 25
2 2
Loading 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑔 = 0.185 ∗ 24 = 4.44 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑔 = 4𝑘𝑁𝑚

Consider 1m = (1.4𝑔 + 1.6𝑞 )𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑊 = 53.62𝑘𝑁

width of slab ∗ 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛

= (1.4 ∗ 4.44 + 1.6 ∗ 4)1 ∗ 4.25

Design moment 𝑊𝑙 53.62 ∗ 4.25 𝑀 = 28.5 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑀= =
8 8
Ultimate moment 𝑀 = 0.156𝑓 𝑏𝑑 = 131.2 ∗ 10
= 131.2 𝑘𝑁𝑚
= 0.156 ∗ 35 ∗ 10 ∗ 155

Cl 3.4.4.4 𝑀 = 0.0339 < 0.156

𝑘=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓

28.5 ∗ 10
=
35 ∗ 10 ∗ 155

1
 𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑑 0.5 + √ 0.25 − ≤ 0.95𝑑
0.9
= 155 ∗ 0.96
= 155(0.5 + (0.25 − 0.0339/0.9) ≤ 0.95𝑑 (= 147 𝑚𝑚)

𝑀 𝑚𝑚
𝐴 = = 443.7 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
0.95𝑓 𝑧 𝑚

28.5 ∗ 10 Adopt Y10@150mm (523

= mm2/m)
0.95 ∗ 460 ∗ 147
Table 3.10 Actual 2𝑓 𝐴 , 𝑓 = 260.17 𝑁𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓 =
modification 3𝐴 ,
factor 𝑀. 𝑓 = 1.42
2 ∗ 460 ∗ 443.7
=
3 ∗ 523
(477 − 𝑓 )
𝑀. 𝑓 = 0.55 + ≤ 2.0
𝑀
120 0.9 +
𝑏𝑑
(477 − 260.17)
= 0.55 +
28.5 ∗ 10
120 0.9 +
10 ∗ 155

Actual depth 4250 = 149.65𝑚𝑚

𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑑 =
20 ∗ 1.42 < 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑑

Table 3.25: Min 𝐴 = 0.13%𝑏ℎ 𝑚𝑚

𝐴 = 241 <𝐴
reinforcement = 0.13% ∗ 10 ∗ 185 𝑚
area

Secondary steel Based on min steel area = 241 mm2/m Provide Y8@200mm c/c
(As = 252 mm2/m)

Example 2.11

A 250 mm thick simply supported reinforced concrete slab spans 5 m. Design a suitable slab
using grade 40 concrete and high yield reinforcement to support the following characteristic
loads: imposed load 4.0 kN/m2, finishes 0.5 kN/m2 and concrete 24 kN/m3. The slab will be
exposed to mild situation.

Solution

BS 8110-1:1997 Calculation Output

Loading Live load (qk) = 4 ∗ 5 ∗ 1 = 20𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 77.5 𝑘𝑁

2
 Dead load (gk) = finishes = 0.5

self-weight = (24 x 0.25) = 6

Total = 6.5
2
kN/m

𝑔 = 6.5 ∗ 5 ∗ 1 = 32.5 𝑘𝑁

𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.6 ∗ 20 + 1.4 ∗ 32.5

Design moment 𝑊𝑙 77.5 ∗ 5 𝑀 = 48.44 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑀= =
8 8

Effective depth 𝑑 = 224𝑚𝑚

𝑑 = 250 − 20 − 12/2

Cl 3.4.4.4 48.44 ∗ 10 𝑘 = 0.024

𝑘=
1000 ∗ 224 ∗ 40

= 0.97𝑑 > 0.95𝑑

0.024
𝑧 = 𝑑(0.5 + 0.25 −
0.9 Use 0.95d

𝑀 = 520.9 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

𝐴 , =
0.95𝑓 𝑧
Provide Y12@175 mm c/c
48.44 ∗ 10 (Asprov = 646 mm2)
=
0.95 ∗ 460 ∗ 0.95 ∗ 224

Table 3.25: Min 𝐴 = 0.13%𝑏ℎ = 325 𝑚𝑚

reinf. area = 0.13% ∗ 10 ∗ 250

Secondary steel Based on min steel area = 325 mm2/m Provide Y10@225 mm c-c
(Asprov = 349 mm2)

Table 3.10 Actual 2𝑓 𝐴 ,

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓 =
modification 3𝐴 ,
factor

3
 2 ∗ 460 ∗ 520.9
=
3 ∗ 646
𝑓 = 247.28 𝑁𝑚𝑚
(477 − 247.28)
= 0.55 +
48.88 ∗ 10
120 0.9 +
10 ∗ 224

𝑀. 𝑓 = 1.62

Allowable = 20 ∗ 1.62 = 32.4 = 22.32 < 32.4

effective depth
5000 Slab is adequate in
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 22.32
224 deflection

Continuous One-way spanning Solid Slab Design

The one-way slabs transfer the load to the supports by flexure predominantly in the shorter
direction with the result that flexural action in the other direction, being small, is neglected.
Analysis and design of such slabs are carried out by considering a strip of unit width spanning
in the direction of bending.

For a simply supported one-way slab, the maximum bending moment at the mid-span is 𝑤𝑙 ⁄8
while in the slab fixed at supports the sagging (i.e. positive) bending moment at the mid-span
is 𝑤𝑙 ⁄24 and the hogging moment at the supports is 𝑤𝑙 ⁄12.

The design of continuous one-way spanning slabs is similar to that of single-span, the only
difference being that several loading arrangements may need to be considered and such slabs
are not statically determinate. Methods such as moment distribution can be used to determine
the design moments and shear forces in the slab. However, where the following conditions are
met, the moments and shear forces can be calculated using the coefficients in Table 3.12 of BS
8110:

 There are three or more spans of approximately equal length

 The area of each bay exceeds 30 m2
 The ratio of characteristic imposed load (qk) to the characteristic dead load (gk) does
not exceed 1.25
 The characteristic imposed load does not exceed 5 kN/m2 excluding partitions

4
Example

A hall in a building is to be provided a floor consisting o a continuous slab cast monolithically

with simply supported 300 mm wide beams spaced 3.6 m c/c as shown in figure below. The
clear span of the beam is 10 m. The floor is to support live, and partition loads of 3.0 kN/m2
and 1.35 kN/m2, respectively. The load due to finishes may be considered 0.65 kN/m2. Design
the slab, if C20 concrete mix and steel of grade 415 are to be used.