lOMoARcPSD|30210938

CHP 1 Review Midterm - Study Material

Switching Systems (The City College of New York)

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

Number system 4
Binary system uses bits

if we have 7642 we represent it in the

following
WAY 7×103+6×10 't
"
' °

4×10 t
2Nd

1011112 2547+2467+23 ( Dt
"

224 ) t 2 'll ) -1204)

32 to t 8 t 4 t 2 t I

4710
=

Now to
,
47
10 binary l l l O l
,
l 2 4 8 16 32

20 y
'

y
2
23 24 25

-
47 342
-32 I go , 10 ' l l l

15 8L
8- 1

7 44
4 l

J E
J l

T U
l
l

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

74610 to binary
I 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

20 y
'
22 23 y
"

25 26 y
'
28 29
O l O l O l l l O l
-

746512L

therefore
512 I
:

21374128L
I
128
¥664 1011101010
64 I

tie
'
32
Too
I
l

z U2

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

Hexadecimal system
O , I , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5, 6,7 , 8 9 10 , 11, 12 ,
13 14 , 15
, , ,

A B C D E F

Hex -7 decimal
1672) 16°C A )
'
(E)
{ FAO
t 16 t

16
'
(2) t 16 ( 14 ) t ( 107

7464
Decimal to Hex :
746 to hex

'
I 16 256

I
' '
E' '

r
512

↳
2
a
134 he
④ E therefore
64g
④
LEA
Y
A

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

Binary Addition
61-7 ( 4 bits)
'

bio to
binary
I
o

2°2
64L
4- I
0111 )
2K
2- I

7,0 to binary ' i i

2°2'2''E
7

3
)
4L
2L
'
011

2- l

l U

÷
Now : 0110 t 0111
l l

0110
t
011 I
-
10 I

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

B t 5 (4 bits)

Bio to binary ' ' '

O
'

2-
'

202 y
138L c-
8- I
1101
544 z

4- l

l U

¥
510 to binary , o ,
' '
5 4L go y y
4- I c-

I I 0101
l
L
J 0101g
So , I i

1101

+01011
00 I 0

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

Signed Numbers f

5
1.
Magnitude -5 -

510 to binary = 0101

2 . 0101 ND 1010

3 .
Add 1 1010

tell ol l

I
1.
Magnitude t
-
-

1- so
to to
binary l U
l l 0001

J
L .
0001 ND 1110

3. Add t 1110

1111

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

a) 47
I O l l l l

25 24 23 2h y
'
go

47432 000000101111
-32 I
'
58L 74L
4 I

-8,1 -32L
2- l
l U
l l

8
b) gp
t t O
' O
O O
26 z°
'

25 24 23 22 2

98 64 000001100010
64 I

-3432L
32 I

-22L
±

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

979%0 g. jaded
. . 's
. .is's
'

.
.
.is .

¥+9044096
4096 I 1001101111110
¥4612
cannot be
512
a-
I
in 12 bits
represented
3822456
-

'
256
¥6464
64
-
62 324
I
-32
23/0 146
-16 I
148L
'
8
-64L
4 I

2- L2

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

tu g p 7 654 3 2 I 0

a) 219172947+2717+2547+244)t24Dt 2413+2%3
=
171910
6
17119
,

456 1813 16h

1536 (6) 16 11 CB)
- -

0183 23

Itg
therefore
b? 613716/1
611 4256
512 2

-9966
96 6

263164
-

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

A B c

10 11 12

a) 263

2467 't 3460 )

'

646) t

-512
f t 96 t 3 =
cell

b) 103

1462 ) t cute )
'
t 3460 )

256 t
192 t 3 =

4514

a) 14
23 22
'

y 2°
148L l l l O
8 I

-6 L4 001110
I I
22L
2- I
°

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

2423222 go
'

b) -
20

Magnitude 20
:
I O l O O
I.

20h16 010100
16 I 2
-
v
44L
4 I I. Complement '
- i
O
101011
✓
I. Add 1 1-
I 01 1 00

a) 001011

2345+240) t s
'

( Dt 2417
8 t O t 2 t I =
It

b) 111010

2547+2447+2347+2 ( Dt 2¥
'

t 2

-
32 t 16 to t 2

-
6

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a) 111111 " ""

am Dts
34272 't so

-
32

e) 111010 111010ms 6
1st}
-21
-

11000L 110001ns -

( D ' 01011
101011 M -
H

f) 1010011 101001 23
}
nd -

t - 38
1100012 110001ms -
is

①O ' ' O' °

011010 us 28 ( overflow )

a) Complement 000110 ND 111001

Add t 1110011

1 ! 1010 ND
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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

l
I

001101
+1110102
001101 MB
111010ms - 6
t
} 7

(1) 000111 000111 ND 7 ✓

b) Complement 000011 ND 111100
l l l l

}
111100

80,1191812
110101M Il
H
-

,,n 111101ns 3
-

( D1 10010
110010 ND -

14

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

a) binary 101011011

'
O l l l O l l
O

YP 22
'

26 25 23
? "

y z y yo
2 .

31474256 11 he
25-6 I 8- I

Pay't 64 3 E
-641 2- I

27 16L l U
l
l

16 I -

-
o
Il y
b) hexadecimal MiB
3474256
I 5 B 2-56 I
' °
162 16 16
91 he
-80 5

11 46

'
l
l l l l l

I 1001 1000100
7 2
T T

11001 (1) 000100 ( overflow )

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

a) 10010101

2- ( Dt2 +2*-2447+23*+224) +2*204)

1281-16+4 t I 128
128 t 21 tf
149
1494

01110.011

24/071-26471-241) +2443+234031-2207+2'll )t2% )

641-32+16121-1 312 64
64+321-19 I
64+51 51 115

1154
)
b) 10010101 (
negative
-274724101-2401+2447+2300722472 '
toll)

1281-16+4 ti -
128
+ 21
-128+21 -

107

107

01110011 is til -5

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

a) b) c)

as
it : :3 :3 :¥'÷÷
can:*:-. overflow
I '
,
a 0101 5

001-1 3-
I 000 8

a) unsigned . .
.

1101 -
1100 1010 -
0110

's 1¥
1101 1/010

:* I 0100 4

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 lOMoARcPSD|30210938

b) signed
1101 -

1100 1010 -
0110

i'% 's Ies

-

T
toil -7¥
Tool or
0110 M 1001 t I
"

100 I

¥
therefore ,
1010

10102 overflow
(1) 0100

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