Q-3:For each of these relations on the set {1, 2, 3, 4}, decide

whether it is reflexive, whether it is symmetric, whether

it is antisymmetric, and whether it is transitive.

a) {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}

b) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)}

c) {(2, 4), (4, 2)}

d) {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)}

e) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)}

f ) {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)}.

Solution :

For the relation (a)

- Reflexive: No (missing (1, 1) and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: No (missing (3, 2) but has (2, 3)).

- Antisymmetric: No (has (3, 2) and (2, 3)).

- Transitive: No.

For relation (b)

- Reflexive: Yes (contains (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: Yes (contains (1, 2) and (2, 1)).

- Antisymmetric: Yes (only diagonal elements have repeated pairs).

- Transitive: Yes.

For relation (c)

- Reflexive: No (missing (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: Yes (contains both (2, 4) and (4, 2)).

- Antisymmetric: No (both (2, 4) and (4, 2) are present).

- Transitive: No.

For relation (d)

- Reflexive: No (missing (1, 1) and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: No (missing pairs like (3, 2) and (4, 3)).

- Antisymmetric: Yes (no distinct pair and its reverse).

- Transitive: Yes.

For relation (e)

- Reflexive: Yes (contains (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: Yes (all pairs are along the main diagonal).

- Antisymmetric: Yes (no distinct pair and its reverse).

- Transitive: Yes.

For relation (f)

- Reflexive: No (missing (2, 2) and (4, 4)).

- Symmetric: No (missing pairs like (3, 1) and (1, 3)).

- Antisymmetric: No (contains (1, 3) and (3, 1)).

- Transitive: No.