THE EFFECT OF CHICKEN MANURE

ON TOMATO PLANTS

RESEARCH PLAN

Christine May A. Coranes

Joraine Angeline V. Cortez
Jiacenth Nicole B. Arancana
Niccolo Karlo V. Mantes

Researcher

Niezel Paracale Mabelin

Research adviser

AGUSAN DEL SUR NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

Gov. D.O. Plaza Gov’t Center, Prosperidad, ADS

January 2023

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Background of the Study

Scientifically called as Solanum lycopersicum, the tomato is widely grown all over the
world. The second-most significant fruit and vegetable in the Philippines after eggplant, it
is regarded as one of the most lucrative crops (Altoveros & Borromeo 2007).Since
tomatoes are the top contributor to the diet, they are frequently consumed. Half of an
adult's daily recommended dietary requirement of vitamin C is provided by a fresh
tomato (Splittstoooesser, 1990). The fruit can be consumed raw with salad or cooked into
stew, savoury foods, pure sauce, juice, and ketchup more regularly (Villareal, 1980).
They are energizing in drinks and work particularly well as soup seasonings. Green
salads can benefit from the addition of tomato because it adds color and appeal (Ano and
Agwu, 2005). Because they are high in folic acid, tomatoes and tomato-based products
have medicinal benefits that can improve health.

Poultry manure contains all 13 of the essential plant nutrients that are used
by plants. These include nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca),
magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl),
boron (B), iron (Fe), and molybdenum (Mo). Plant nutrients originate from the feed,
supplements, medications, and water consumed by the animals. Using poultry manure as
a fertilizer for crops or trees may provide a portion, or all, of the plant requirements.

Soil degradation is a serious environmental problem that can result to far reaching
consequences in food security, ecosystem, climate change, etc. It is reported that almost
33% of the Earth's soil is already degraded and over 90% could become degraded by
2050 (FAO and ITPS, 2015; IPBES, 2018) moreover, this problem could lead up to 50%
loss in crop yields (FAO) which can greatly affect agriculture negatively. In Latin
America, a region in North and south America, It is reported that 14% of its soil has been
affected by land degradation (UNCCD), in the Philippines, it was reported that about 5.2
million hectares are seriously degraded resulting to 30-50% of reduction in soil
productivity (NAP 2004), and in Ilocos Norte, a province in the northern Philippines
through the Sustainable Development Center (SDC), have been doubling their efforts in
advising the farmers to use fertilizers to restore their soil productivity.

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1.2 Research Objectives

The general objectives of this study is to determine the efficacy of Chicken Manure as
Fertilizer.

1. To determine the effectiveness of using Chicken Manure as Fertilizer.

2. To investigate using Chicken manure as fertilizer is much healthier compare to

chemical or natural Fertilizer.

1.3 Research Problem

The study endeavors to identify the effect of chicken manure as fertilizer on tomato
plants, this aims to answer the following questions:

1.Is there any difference between chicken manure fertilizers and regular store-bought
fertilizer?

2. How does chicken manure contribute to the growth of tomato plants?

3. Can chicken manure help boost the quality of the tomato plants?

4. How do we measure the precise volume of chicken manure needed to ensure the
effectiveness of it?

1.4 Research Hypotheses

1. Chicken manure is potent and an effective fertilizer for tomato plants

2. The high concentration of nitrogen, potassium and 11 other nutrients significantly

boosts the growth of tomato plants

3. there is no significant signs and difference between store-bought fertilizer and chicken

manure fertilizer.

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 1.5 Conceptual Framework

APPLICATION TO
TOMATO
INPUT:
OUTPUT
Tomato Plant SUNLIGHT
Chicken Manure
Fertilizer
WATER

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Tomato plant with edible fruit, is also used medicinally, particularly for its potential
cancer-preventive properties in various organs such as the breast, bladder, cervix,
colon and rectum, stomach, lung, ovaries, pancreas, and prostate.Chicken dropping
is recognized as the most desirable natural fertilizer because of its high level of
nitrogen. But this fertilizer doesn’t only contain nitrogen , but phosphate (P) and
potash (K) as well, which can be very beneficial for your tomato plants. The N will
help the tomato plant in leaf growth, P is beneficial for root and stem growth and
will help in seed development as well. K is helping the development of flowers and
fruits. Therefore, chicken manure is one of the best organic fertilizers you can use
for your tomato plants.

1.6 Scope and Limitations

Chicken manure and litter, like other animal wastes, may include diseases including E.
Others include E. coli, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium. Proper handling and safety
measures are required to lower the risk to people and animals. Manure that has been
accumulated should be maintained in a secure location away from the reach of kids, pets,
and livestock.
Fresh poultry manure is messy to handle due to its high water content, and it cannot be
used on crops due to its caustic effects on foliage.

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1.7 Significance of the study
The significance of studying the effect of chicken manure on tomato plants lies in the
potential benefits it could bring to the agricultural industry and the environment. Firstly,
chicken manure is a rich source of nutrients that can promote plant growth, particularly in
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Understanding the optimal application rates and
timing of chicken manure can lead to more efficient use of resources and potentially
increase crop yields, which could have economic benefits for farmers and food security
implications for the wider population.

Secondly, the use of chicken manure as a fertilizer can have positive environmental
impacts by reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, which can contribute to soil
degradation and water pollution. Chicken manure is also a readily available waste
product from the poultry industry, so its use as a fertilizer can promote sustainability and
reduce waste.

Lastly, studying the effect of chicken manure on tomato plants can contribute to a greater
understanding of the relationship between soil health and crop growth, which could have
implications for the broader agricultural industry. Overall, this study can provide insights
into how chicken manure can be effectively utilized as a fertilizer for tomato plants,
leading to potential benefits for agriculture, the environment, and the economy.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato, is a species belonging to the

Solanaceae family that originated in Central
and South America and now grown worldwide
for its edible fruits. It is perennial in its native
habitat but grown as an annual in temperate
climates, usually growing about 3 m in height.

Micronutrients - often referred to as vitamins and minerals,

are vital to healthy development, disease
prevention, and wellbeing. With the exception of
vitamin D, micronutrients are not produced in
the body and must be derived from the diet1.

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Drainage capacity - indicates the amount of liquid that can be
discharged at the open channel end (in l/sec.). The
size of trash boxes is determined by the amount of
liquid that can be discharged. The drainage capacity
must be taken into account in the hydraulic
performance calculation

Aeration - is the process by which air is circulated through,

mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance.
Aeration brings water and air in close contact in
order to remove dissolved gases and to oxidize
dissolved metals, including iron, hydrogen sulfide,
and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs).

Yield properties - is simply the difference between the income you

receive from renting out your property minus the
overall costs of your investment. It's often expressed
as a percentage and the higher the percentage
generally means greater cash flow and higher return
on investment.

Biochemical - properties of the chemical compounds that occur in

living organisms.

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 Chapter 2

1.9 Review of Related Literature

Fertilization is one of the most crucial aspects of gardening, according to

Rhoades (2018). Unquestionably, chicken dung has a healthy amount of the
elements potassium and phosphorus. It is an organic fertilizer that is high in
nitrogen. The potassium in chicken manure aids in regulating both the
opening and closing of stomata as well as the intake of carbon dioxide.
Additionally, it is necessary for the synthesis of ATP, a significant energy
source, and it stimulates enzymes (Potassium in Plants and Soil, n.d.).

One of the most significant vegetables in the Philippines is the tomato. It is

often grown in the lowlands in the cool months of the year (October to
January), toward the conclusion of the rainy season, in places like Ilocos,
Benguet province, Central Luzon, and Southern Tagalog. During the months
of growth (October to January), the typical temperature is 28 C. The
majority of farmers grow their tomatoes from October to January due to
poor weather circumstances like rain, high temperatures, and high
humidity. (Villareal 1985) indicated that high nighttime temperatures and
humidity, which prevent fruit-setting and encourage illnesses that stunt
plant growth, are to blame for tomatoes' poor performance in a number of
locations across the nation during the wet season.

Tomatoes are thought to be a healthy vegetable. When it is mature, it is

consumed raw and added to salads or used to season dishes (meat and
fish). It is utilized in native pickles (achara) when it is green. The vitamins A,
B, and C are abundant in them. They also contain fixed oil and solanine.
Water, nitrogenous compounds, carbohydrates, and calcium phosphate are
all present in the fresh fruit. According to (Asis' 1971) analysis, the seed
contains solanine, globulin, and vitamins A, B, and C.

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 According to (Quisumbing, 1951), tomatoes are the richest in vitamins, the
most wonderful and effective blood cleanser of all foods known to man, the
richest of all vegetables in the natural health acids that keep our stomach
and intestines in condition, the most extraordinary corrective for kidneys,
and the most extraordinary corrective for kidneys, bringing a gentle, natural
stimulant that helps to wash away the poisons that cause disease and
contaminate our system.

According to (April Sanders 2017) claims that chicken excrement is made up

of concentrated nutrients. The strength of the nutrients, particularly the
nitrogen, can burn the roots of the plants, thus it should not be used in its
raw form on vegetables or flowers since it is quite strong (or "hot").
However, when composted properly, it turns into a superior soil fertilizer or
amendment, earning it the moniker "black gold." Chicken dung must be
composted properly for more than half a year, but the results are well
worth the time and work.

Chicken dung offers all the necessary nutrients to maintain your garden
healthy and high-yielding, according to Johnny Harvill (2022).Compared to
its nitrogen level, the phosphorous in chicken feces releases its energy
considerably more gradually. As a result, it releases nutrients relatively
slowly.Also contained in chicken manure is potassium. Most of the time, it
is easily accessible but is not as durable as phosphorous. It can seep out
and be lost if composting does not incorporate it into other materials.It
hasn't been investigated how quickly the micronutrients in chicken
excrement escape. They are all made accessible by the process of
disintegration. Iron, copper,.

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Chicken dung can also be used to fertilize fruit trees, such as apple and
citrus trees, according to (bell hageman 2022). Chicken manure can be
applied to ornamentals, turfgrass, and native plants in addition to these
usual crops.
As a general rule, chicken dung will be beneficial to any plant that gains
from organic matter or compost.

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 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials

Tomato seeds or seedlings

Chicken manure

Traditional fertilizer (control group)

Potting soil

Planting pots or containers

Watering can or sprayer

pH meter

Measuring tools (ruler, scale, etc.)

Garden labels or markers

Data recording sheets or notebooks

3.2 Research Design

The main purpose of this study is created through the means of

understanding, extending the scope and limitations with experimental
methods. The method used in this research is essential for developing

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concept and comprehension of the subjects of the study, allowing further
examination with the use of different procedures, equipment and materials
such as healthy garden soil, dry soil, tomato seeds, plant pots and chicken
dung.

3.3 Procedure

3.3.1 Preparation:

a.Obtain tomato seeds or seedlings from a reliable source.

b. Select pots or containers that are suitable for growing tomato plants and
ensure they have adequate drainage.

c. Prepare the potting soil by mixing it with chicken manure at a desired

ratio (e.g., 1:1 or 2:1 soil to manure) or as specified by prior research.

d. Label the pots or containers to identify the different treatments (e.g.,

control, chicken manure).

3.3.2 Planting

a.Fill each pot with the prepared potting soil.

b. Plant the tomato seeds or seedlings in each pot according to the

recommended planting depth.

c. Water the pots thoroughly after planting to ensure good soil moisture.

Application of Treatments:

a. Divide the pots into two groups: one group for the chicken manure
treatment and the other for the control treatment (traditional fertilizer).

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 b. Apply the designated amount of chicken manure to the pots in the
chicken manure treatment group. The amount may vary based on prior
research or specific recommendations.

c. Apply the recommended dosage of traditional fertilizer to the pots in the

control group.

d. Water the pots after applying the treatments to ensure proper distribution
and absorption.

3.3.3Maintenance

a.Place the pots in an appropriate location that receives adequate sunlight

and provides proper ventilation.

b. Water the plants regularly, ensuring that the soil remains consistently
moist but not waterlogged.

c. Monitor the growth and overall health of the plants throughout the
experiment. d. Record observations such as plant height, leaf size, flowering,
and fruit development at regular intervals.

3.3.4Data Collection:

a. Measure the height of the plants using a ruler or measuring tape.

b. Measure leaf size by selecting a representative leaf from each plant and
using a scale or leaf area meter.

c. Count and record the number of flowers and fruits produced by each plant.

d. Collect samples of leaves, stems, or fruits for nutrient analysis if desired.

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3.3.5Data Analysis:

a. Compile and organize the collected data.

b. Perform statistical analysis, such as t-tests or analysis of variance

(ANOVA), to determine significant differences between the treatments.

c. Interpret the results and draw conclusions based on the analysis.

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