9-1 Science AQA Unit 1 – Cell structures

Eukaryotes
Animal cells and plant cells
Plant and animal cells are called
cell wall
eukaryotic cells. They have a cell
___________ cytoplasm cell membrane
membrane, cytoplasm and genetic
material enclosed in a ________.
nucleus
cell membrane mitochondria
ribosomes vacuole
Prokaryotes mitochondria golgi vesicles
Bacterial cells are called ____________
prokaryotic
nucleus
cells, they are much smaller than
eukaryotic cells. They have cytoplasm chlorophyll
and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell
ribosomes
wall. The ________
DNA material is not
genetic
enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single ____ Describe the role of the cell wall
and vacuole in plant cells RP1 - Give the range of size of
loop and there may be one or more small
structures that can be
plasmids
rings of DNA called ________. cell wall: provide support, observed using:
strength, protection, help
hold plant’s shape A light microscope:

[eukaryotic, plasmids, genetic, DNA, vacuole: help maintain water

balance, plant development Text
prokaryotic, nucleus]
An electron microscope:

Text

Describe the similarities and differences between animal and plant RP1 - What type of A red blood cell is 8 µm in diameter.
cells. A bacterial cell is 40 times smaller.
microscope is needed to see: Calculate the diameter of the bacterial
Similarities cell.
RP1 - This is an image of stomach
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cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, 1. Animal cell electron/light Tick one box.
muscle cells. Measure the scale bar
ribosomes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- with a ruler and use it to give the
0.02 µm
2. Mitochondria electron/light approximate length of the cells.
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yes 0.2 µm
Differences 0.15mm
plants have: golgi vesicles, chlorophyll, vacuole, cell 3. Plant cell electron/light
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.0 µm
wall
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Plant cells have a rigid form; plants have circular forms 4. Ribosomes electron/light
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20.0 µm
 9-1 Science AQA Unit 1 – Cell specialisation

Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. Identify each of these cells from the The drawing shows an animal cell, seen at a very high magnification using an electron
following list and describe how it is specialised for its function [phloem, root hair, muscle, xylem, sperm, microscope.
nerve]. 3) What happens in the mitochondria?
Specialised animal cells ------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------
chromosomes here 4) What are chromosomes made of?
sperm nerve muscle ------------------------------------------
Cell Type:
mitochondria ------------------------------------------
Specialisation: fertilisation intercellular connection contraction
5) What controls the rate of chemical
Specialised plant cells
1) Label a mitochondrion [plural = reactions in the cytoplasm?
mitochondria].
2) Name and label the structure ------------------------------------------
where you would fin
chromosomes. ------------------------------------------

Cell Type: root hair xylem phloem

An electron microscope has much higher magnification and resolving power than a
Specialisation: light microscope. This enables biologists to see sub cellular structures.
absorb more nutreints transport water transport food
magnification = size of image/size of real object

Use the diagrams to answer the questions 1. A micrograph of a plant cell in a book is 150 mm long. The plant cell measures
120 μm long. Calculate the magnification.
about cell specialism.
1. Which cell can photosynthesise? The total magnification of a light microscope can be calculated using:

chloroplast total magnification = magnification of eyepiece x magnification of objective

2. Which cell is adapted for sending 2. What is the total magnification with an eyepiece magnification of x 15 and an
objective lens magnification of x 40?
messages?

cell membrane 3. What magnification would the objective lens need to be to give a total
magnification of x 300 with an eyepiece of x 15?
3. Which cell is adapted to respire
quickly?
mitochondrion Why is cell specialisation (differentiation)
important for the development and growth of a Self assessment
healthy baby from a fertilised egg? Red/Amber/Green/Gold:
As an organism develops, cells differentiate to form different types of cells.

Most types of animal cell differentiate at an early stage.

I need help with:
Many types of plant cell retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.