16 ENGLISH TENSES

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan suatu fakta atau kejadian yang menceritakan kejadian yang sedang
berlangsung berulang kali pada waktu sekarang. berlangsung sekarang.
NOMINAL SIMPLE PRESENT
(+) Subject + is/am/are + Verb-ing + Object
Pola kalimat memakai to be (am,is,are)
(-) S + is/am/are + NOT + Verb-ing + Object
(+) Subject + TO BE + Object (?) Is/am/are + Subject + Verb-ing + Object?
(-) S + TO BE + NOT + O
Question word : what, where, when, who, why,
(?) TO BE + S + O? which, how
Jika menggunakan question word, QW
Contoh : diletakkan sebelum to be (is/am/are)
(+) I am a student Contoh :
(-) I am not a student (+) He is watching movie now
(?) Am I a student? (-) He is not watching movie now
VERBAL SIMPLE PRESENT (?) Is he watching movie now?
Pola kalimat memakai VERB 3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

(+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk

menceritakan kejadian yang sudah atau telah
(-) S + Do/Does + NOT + V1 + O dilakukan sekarang, tetapi memiliki pengaruh
hingga masa kini.
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O?

(+) Subject + have/has + Verb 3 + Object

Contoh :
(+) She walks to school every day
(-) She does not walk to school every day
(?) Does she walk to school every day?
I, you, they, we DO
She, he, it DOES
Verb 1 pada kalimat positif
ditambahkan –s/es untuk subjek
bentuk ketiga tunggal (she, he, it)
(-) S + have/has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
(?) Have/has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
Jika menggunakan QW diletakkan sebelum
have/has
Contoh :
(+) I have slept for 3 hours.
(-) I have not slept for 3 hours.
(?) Have I slept for 3 hours?
I,you,they,we  HAVE
She,he,it  HAS
 16 ENGLISH TENSES
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dari masa
lampau dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang
atau baru saja selesai.
(+) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O
(-) S + have/has + NOT + been + Verb-ing + O
(?) Have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O?
Jika menggunakan QW, maka diletakkan
sebelum have/has
Contoh :
(+) Noe has been working in Seoul for 2 years.
(-) Noe hasn’t been working in Seoul for 2 years.
(?) Has Noe been working for 2 years?
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Pola kalimat digunakan untuk menceritakan
kejadian di masa lalu yang telah selesai.
NOMINAL SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(+) Subject + TO BE (was/were) + Complement
(-) S + TO BE (was/were) + NOT + Complement
(?) TO BE (was/were) + S + Complement?
Contoh :
(+) She was angry yesterday.
(-) She was not angry yesterday.
(?) Was she angry yesterday?
VERBAL SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object
(-) S + did + NOT + Verb 1 + Object
(?) Did + S + Verb 1 + O?
Contoh :
(+) Tristan went to Malang last year.
(-) Tristan did not go to Malang last year.
(?) Did Tristan go to Malang last year?
 16 ENGLISH TENSES

(?) Had I spoken English in the seminar?

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Contoh 2 (Past Perfect + when/before/by the

time + Simple Past Tense)
Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan tindakan di masa lalu yang (+) She had gone to Japan when I called her.
sedang berlangsung.
Contoh 3 (Simple Past Tense + after + Past
Perfect Tense)
(+) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O
(+) Dhea went to campus after she had her
(-) S + have/has + NOT + been + Verb-ing + O
breakfast.
(?) Have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O?
 Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional type 3)

Contoh : If + Past Perfect + would/should/could/might +

have + Past Participle
(+) Nisrina was reading a book yesterday.
Contoh :
(-) Nisrina was not reading a book yesterday.
If Karin had studied harder, she would have
(?) Was Nisrina reading a book yesterday?
passed the exams.
Contoh: (Past Continuous + When + Past
 Kalimat tak langsung (Reported speech) :
Simple)
said, told, asked, thought, wondered
(+) She was playing UNO when the teacher came.
Contoh :
(-) She wasn’t playing UNO when the teacher came.
She said that she had listened carefully the
(?) Was she playing UNO when the teacher came? instruction.

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE  Kalimat imajinatif : wish, as if, as thought, if

only
Pola kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi
telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu Contoh :
sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Aksi yang telah
I wish I had joined your journey to London last
selesai di masa lampau itu dapat terjadi
holiday.
berulang kali maupun hanya sekali.

(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object

(-) S + did + NOT + Verb 1 + Object

(?) Did + S + Verb 1 + O?

Contoh 1 :

(+) I had spoken English in the seminar.

(-) I had not spoken English in the seminar.

 16 ENGLISH TENSES

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu tindakan masa lalu mengungkapkan suatu tindakan di masa deoan
sampai titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu juga. secara spontan dan terencana.

VERBAL SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

(+) S + had + been + Verb-ing + O

(-) S + had + NOT + been + Verb-ing + O (+) Subject + TO BE (will/shall) + Verb 1 + O

(?) Had + S + been + Verb-ing + O? (-) S + TO BE (will/shall) + NOT + Verb 1 + O

(?) TO BE (will/shall) + S + Verb 1 + O?

Contoh :

(+) Renita had been living in Busan for six years. Contoh :

(-) Renita had not been living in Busan for six (+) I shall meet you tomorrow.
years.
(-) I shall not meet you tomorrow.
(?) Had Renita been living in Busan for six years?
(?) Shall I meet you tomorror?
 Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional type 3)

If + Past Perfect Continuous + NOMINAL SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

would/should/could/might + have + Past
Participle (+) S + to be (is/am/are) + going to+ Verb 1 + O

(-) S + to be + NOT + going to + Verb 1 + O

Contoh :
(?) To be + S + going to + Verb 1 + O?
If it had not been raining, we would played
football.
Contoh :
 Kalimat tidak langsung (reported speech) :
said, told, asked, thought, wondered (+) I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
Contoh : (-) I am not going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
Ira said she had been crying. (?) Am I going to paint my bedroom tomorrow?

WILL  I, you, they, we, she, he, it

SHALL  I, we
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10.FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 12.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk suatu
menceritakan tindakan di masa depan yang tindakan akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian
akan terjadi. lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

(+) S + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + O (+) S + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing + O

(-) S + will/shall + NOT + be + Verb-ing + O (-) S + will/shall + NOT + have + been + Verb-ing + O
(?) Will/shall + S + be + Verb-ing + O? (?) Will/shall + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O?

Contoh : Contoh :

(+) Tristan will be walking to campus at 9 a.m. (+) The cat will have been sleeping long.
tomorrow.
(-) The cat will not have been sleeping long.
(-) Tristan will not be walking to campus at 9
(?) Will the cat have been sleeping long?
a.m. tomorrow.

(?) Will Tristan be walking to school at 9 a.m.

tomorrow?

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk

menceritakan tindakan yang sudah akan terjadi
di masa depan.

(+) Subject + TO BE (will/shall) + Verb 3 + O

(-) S + TO BE (will/shall) + NOT + Verb 3 + O

(?) TO BE (will/shall) + S + Verb 3 + O?

Contoh:

(+) Sophie will have moved out tomorrow.

(-) Sophie will not have moved out tomorrow.

(?) Will Sophie have moved out tomorrow?

 16 ENGLISH TENSES
13.SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan suatu aktivitas yang akan
dilakukan, baik secara sukarela maupun yang
direncanakan, membuat prediksi, dan membuat
janji di masa depan pada saat berada di masa
lalu.
VERBAL SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
(+) Subject + would/should + Verb 1 + O
(-) S + would/should + NOT + Verb 1 + O
(?) Would/Should + S + Verb 1 + O?
Contoh:
(+) Tristan would forgive you.
(-) Tristan would not forgive you.
(?) Would Tristan forgive you?
NOMINAL SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
(+) S + was/were + going to + Verb 1 + O
(-) S + was/were + NOT + going to + Verb 1 + O
(?) Was/were + S + going to + Verb 1 + O?
Contoh:
(+) Dhea was going to give two beautiful scarf to her
friend.
(-) Dhea was not going to give two beautiful
scarf to her friend.
(?) Was Dhea going to give two beautiful scarf
to her friend?
PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menceritakan suatu kejadian atau keadaan
pada yang akan sedang terjadi tetapi waktu
tersebut berada di masa lampau, atau bisa
diartikan imajinasi yang akan sedang terjadi di
masa lalu.
(+) S + would/should + be + Verb-ing + O
(-) S + would/should + NOT + be + Verb-ing + O
(?) Would/Should + S + be + Verb-ing + O?
Contoh :
(+) They would be listening spotify at 10.00 a.m.
(-) They would not be listening spotify at 10.00 a.m.
(?) Would they be listening spotify at 10.00 a.m.
WOULD  I, you, they, we, she, he, it
SHOULD I, we
PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk
membicarakan aktivitas yang tidak terjadi,
mungkin terjadi, atau sebenarnya dapat
dilakukan namun tidak berhasil dilakukan di
masa lampau.
(+) S + would/should/could/may/might/must +
have + Verb 3
(-) S + would/should/could/may/might/must +
not + have + Verb 3
(?) Would/should/could/may/might/must + S +
have + Verb 3?
 16 ENGLISH TENSES

Contoh:

(+) He would have worked

(-) He would not have worked

(?) Would he have worked?

PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan

tindakan yang akan telah sedang terjadi di masa
lalu. Atau pola kalimat ini bersifat
asumsi/pengandaian.

(+) S + would + have + been + Verb-ing

(-) S + would + NOT + have + been + Verb-ing

(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?

Contoh:

(+) They would have been working.

(-) They would not have been working.

(?) Would they have been working?