MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS LANJUT

MEETING 4 : MACRONUTRIENT, MICRONUTRIENT AND WATER

DOSEN PENGAMPU : SUCIANA WIJIRAHAYU M.Pd

LUTHFIA RACHMAH

2205025110

4D

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI

FAKULTAS ILMI-ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PROF. DR. HAMKA

JAKARTA

2024
 SUMMARY ABOUT MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENT
The video discusses micronutrients, which are essential for life but don’t bring energy like
macronutrients. These contituents can be divided into two groups, firstly the minerals and
oligo-elements and secondly vitamins. Vitamins can be defined as a means that are vital
necessary for life. The vitamins being divided into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K) and water-soluble vitamins (B group and C). Vitamins are involved in many
biological functions such as building functions for instance improvement of calcium
absorption, but also in the functioning and maintenance of the body like the vision, gene
regulation, blood clotting, antioxidant and many chemical reactions in the body called
enzymatic catalysis. A balanced and diverse diet is important to ensure the body’s needs for
vitamins are met.

Deficiencies in micronutrients can lead to short-term impairment of the body's functioning

and long-term clinical troubles. Common deficiencies in developing countries include
vitamins A, B12, and PP, while industrialized countries often face deficiencies in vitamin D
and B9. Consumption of vitamins above requirements can lead to toxicity, such as vision
disorders and headaches from excess vitamin A intake.

Mineral materials represent only 4% of body weight but are involved in a wide range of body
functions such as formation of hemoglobin, pH, water electrolyte balance building renewal of
the skeleton and teeth and muscular contraction. Deficiency in minerals like iron can leads to
reduced physical performance and anemia, particularly in women and children. Iodine
deficiency leading to conditions like cretinism and goiter, while zinc deficiency can increase
the risk of infectious disease. In industrialized countries only marginal deficiencies and
minerals occur this is case for calcium in adolescents or seniors and iron in women
influenced by menstruations. Long-term excess of certain minerals, like calcium, can lead
impaired renal function.

5 CRITICAL QUESTIONS FROM MY SUMMARY

1. What is included in the micronutrient category?

Answer : Micronutrients consist of vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic
substances required by the body in small amounts to be used in metabolic processes
such as respiration, growth and immune function. While minerals are defined as
 inorganic substances needed by the body for metabolic processes such as growth,
repair and bone health.
2. What happens when the body is overloaded with micronutrients?
Answer : When there are too many micronutrients in the body, metabolic processes
are inhibited and a number of health problems arise in the body. The impact of
consuming too many micronutrients can be extensive, ranging from acute poisoning,
obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and many other disorders.
3. Name any foods that contain iodine!
Answer : Foods that contain iodine include: Seafood: Seaweed (such as kelp and
nori), fish (such as cod and tuna), shrimp, and other seafood are good sources of
iodine. Dairy products: Milk, yogurt, and cheese can contain iodine, depending on the
iodine content of the animal feed. Iodized salt: Salt fortified with iodine is a common
source of iodine. However, it's important to note that excessive salt intake should be
avoided for overall health. Eggs: Eggs can contain small amounts of iodine,
depending on the iodine content of the hen's diet. Some fruits and vegetables: Certain
fruits and vegetables grown in iodine-rich soils may contain iodine. The content can
vary, so it's not a consistent source.
4. Why Taking more vitamins than needed can cause poisoning?
Answer : Taking more vitamins than needed can cause poisoning due to several
reasons: Toxicity of certain vitamins: Some vitamins, such as vitamin A, D, E, and K,
can be toxic in high doses. Excessive intake of these fat-soluble vitamins can lead to a
buildup in the body, resulting in toxicity symptoms. Individual tolerances: Each
person has a different tolerance for vitamins, and what may be excessive for one
individual may not be for another.
5. What substances are included in micro minerals?
Answer : Micro minerals: iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, manganese, fluorine,
chronium, molybdenum, and sulfur