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Key word transformations with modals of DEDUCTION

1.I’m sure he’s not Michael Jackson. He died a few years ago! BE
He _______________________ because he died a few years ago.
2.It’s possible that in the sales cameras will be cheap enough for me to afford one.
ABLE
I __________________________ camera in the sales if they are cheap enough.
3.I think Sarah isn’t very ill, because I saw her shopping this morning. BE
Sarah ____________________ because I saw her shopping this morning.
4.Perhaps Filip is from the Czech Republic – he speaks Czech very well. COULD
Filip ________________________ Czech Republic because his Czech is very good.
5.He is so rich that I am sure he is always happy. MUST
He is so rich that ________________ happy.
6.He looks so pale that I’m sure he has seen a ghost. MUST
He _________________ ghost because now he looks very pale.
7.I think Alice worked at a hotel last summer, but I’m not sure. MIGHT
Alice ________________ at a hotel last summer.
8.Jana speaks excellent Finnish so I’m sure she’s lived in Finland at some point.
HAVE
Jana ______________________ Finland at some point because she speaks
excellent Finnish.
9.Adam is so loud now that I’m sure he wasn’t a quiet child! BEEN
Adam ____________________ a quiet child because he’s so loud now.
10.She is so scared of dogs, that maybe a dog bit her when she was little. BITTEN
She is so scared of dogs that _____________________ a dog when she was little.
11.I know he wasn’t in London on Saturday because I saw him in Newcastle. HAVE
He _______________________ in London on Saturday because I saw him in
Newcastle.
12.She was so happy on Monday morning that I’m sure she had a good weekend.
HAD
She was so happy on Monday morning that _______________________ a good
weekend.
13.I think Will’s tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. COULD
Will ______________________ because he didn’t sleep much yesterday.
14.She was probably in a hurry because she forgot to buy a birthday present for her
friend. MIGHT
She forgot to buy a birthday present for her friend and that ___________________
she was in a hurry.
Key word transformations with modals of Deduction ANSWERS

1.I’m sure he’s not Michael Jackson. He died a few years ago! BE
He _______________________ because he died a few years ago.
2.It’s possible that in the sales cameras will be cheap enough for me to afford one. ABLE
I __________________________ camera in the sales if they are cheap enough.
3.I think Sarah isn’t very ill, because I saw her shopping this morning.BE
Sarah ____________________ because I saw her shopping this morning.
4.Perhaps Filip is from the Czech Republic – he speaks Czech very well. COULD
Filip ________________________ Czech Republic because his Czech is very good.
5.He is so rich that I am sure he is always happy. MUST
He is so rich that ________________ happy.
6.He looks so pale that I’m sure he has seen a ghost. MUST
He _________________ ghost because now he looks very pale.
7.I think Alice worked at a hotel last summer, but I’m not sure. MIGHT
Alice ________________ at a hotel last summer.
8.Jana speaks excellent Finnish so I’m sure she’s lived in Finland at some point. HAVE
Jana ______________________ Finland at some point because she speaks excellent
Finnish.
9.Adam is so loud now that I’m sure he wasn’t a quiet child! BEEN
Adam ____________________ a quiet child because he’s so loud now.
10.She is so scared of dogs, that maybe a dog bit her when she was little. BITTEN
She is so scared of dogs that _____________________ a dog when she was little.
11.I know he wasn’t in London on Saturday because I saw him in Newcastle. HAVE
He _______________________ in London on Saturday because I saw him in Newcastle.
12.She was so happy on Monday morning that I’m sure she had a good weekend. HAD
She was so happy on Monday morning that _______________________ a good weekend.
13.I think Will’s tired because he didn’t sleep much yesterday. COULD
Will ______________________ because he didn’t sleep much yesterday.
14.She was probably in a hurry because she forgot to buy a birthday present for her friend,
MIGHT
She forgot to buy a birthday present for her friend and that ___________________ she was
in a hurry.

Answers

1. can’t be Michael Jackson


2. might/may be able to buy a
3. can’t be very ill
4. could be from the
5. he must always be
6. must have seen a
7. might/may have worked
8. must have lived in
9. can’t have been
10. she must have been bitten by
11. can’t have been
12. she must have had
13. could be tired
14. might/may have been why

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