rpWfij - fk;gpA+l;lu;

juk; 10

njhFg;G – jpUkjp g.rpe;jidr;nry;tp

Nf.nj`p.gk;Ngfk j.k.tp
nj`pNahtpl;l fy;tp tyak;
 rpWfij - fk;gpA+l;lu;

1. rpWfij vd;why; vd;d

2. rpWfijg; gz;Gfs;

3. fk;gpA+l;lu; rpWfij

1) fijahrpupau;

2) fijf;fU

3) fijf;fsk;

4) ghj;jpu thu;g;G

5) ghj;jpu gz;Gfs;

6) nkhopeil

7) cj;jp

8) tpOkpaf;fUj;Jf;fs;

9) eifr;RitAzu;T ntspg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;

10) tho;tpay; mk;rq;fs;

11) jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL

1. rpWfij vd;why; vd;d
 xU fUj;jpid thrfUf;F czu;j;Jtjw;fhf
fjhghj;jpuq;fisf;nfhz;L Gidag;gLk; rk;gtq;fspd;
xUikg;ghNl fij vdg;gLk;.
 fijfs; fpistpl;L njhlu;e;J nrd;why; mJ ehty; MFk;.
 fijfs; Fiwe;jsT fjhghj;jpuq;fis nfhz;L FWfpa
Neuj;Js; KbTWkhapd; mJ rpWfijahFk;.

2. rpWfijg; gz;Gfs;
 Fiwe;j Neuj;jpy; thrpj;J Kbf;fyhk;.
 xU fijf; fUit nfhz;bUj;jy;.
 thrfiu ftUk; vspikahd nkhop eil.
 Fiwe;jsthd ghj;jpus;fs;.
 fijf;fsk;> Ngr;R tof;F nrhw;fs;> kz;thrid nrhw;fs;>
ifahsg;gLk;.
 mDgtq;fs; Clhf gbg;gpidfs; Kd;itf;fg;gLk;.
 Njitahd ,lq;fspy; tu;zid> Nkw;Nfhs;> cjhuzq;fs;
fhl;Ljy;.
 Muk;gk; Kjy; ,Wjptiu njha;tpd;wp fij efUjy;.
3. fk;gpA+l;lu; rpWfij
1) fijahrpupau;
 jpU. m . Kj;Jypq;fk;
 1937 ,y; [dtup 19 aho;ghzk; nfhf;Ftpy; vDk;
,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.
 ngw;Nwhu; - mg;ghJiu> ,uhrk;khs;
 fy;tp - ,yq;if gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; tpQ;Qhd gl;ljhup
 Kjy; rpWfijj; njhFjp – mf;fh 1964
 ,tuJ gilg;Gfs; - tk;r tpuj;jp> mnkupf;fh fhup>
tlf;F tPjp> Kj;Jypq;fk; fijfs;> jpfl rf;fuk;.

2) fijf;fU
 mwptpay; njhopEl;g tsu;r;rpf;F Vw;g fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLk;
etPd rhjdq;fspd; guPl;rak; cs;sNghJ jhd; xU
kdpjd; rpf;fypd;wp tho Kbak;. mt;thW ,y;yhtpl;lhy;
tho;f;ifNahL Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;.

3) fijf;fsk;
 mnkupf;f filj;njU> tPL

4) ghj;jpuq;fs;
 fij Mrpupau;.
 kidtp Nkfyh
 kfd; mutpe;jd;
 filf;fhuu;
 ez;gu;fs;
5) ghj;jpu gz;Gfs;
kidtp Nkfyh

 flTs; ek;gpf;ifAilatu;.
 Gjpa tplaq;fis mwptjpy; Mu;tKs;stu;.
 .
 .
 .

kfd; mutpe;jd;
 flTs; ek;gpf;ifAilatu;.
 fzdp nghwpia mwptjpy; Mu;tk; fhl;Lgtd;
 fzdp gw;wpa KO mwpTk; cilatd;
 .
 .
 .

fij Mrpupau;. (mutpe;jdpd; je;ij)

 fzdp mwpT FiwT
 fzdp gw;wp mwpa Kaw;rp nra;gtu;.
 FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fSld; rf[khf goFthu;
 N[hjpl ek;gpf;ifAilatu;.
 gps;is kPJ mjpf ghrk; nfhz;ltu;.
 njupahj tplaq;fis njupe;j nfhs;tjpy; Mu;tk; fhl;Lthu;.
 ez;gu;fSf;F cjTgtu;.
6) nkhopeil
 ,yFthd nkhop eil
 eifr;RitAzu;T
 aho;g;ghz Ngr;Rtof;F ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 Ntw;W nkhopr;nrhw;fs; gad;ghL.
 ,yf;fpa mDgtq;fs; nghUj;jkhf ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ
 Guhz nra;jpfs; > tu;zidfs;> ctikfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

7) cj;jp
 ctikfs;

 Nkw;Nfhs;fs;

 Guhz nra;jpfs;

 MrpuaNu jkJ fijia $Wjy;

 gz;ghl;ilAk; tpQ;Qhdj;jpidAk; ,izj;jy;

8) tpOkpaf;fUj;Jf;fs;
 rka ek;gpf;if

 Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;

 FLk;g xw;Wik

 Guhz tplaq;fis mwpe;Jf;nfhs;sy;.

9) eifr;RitAzu;T ntspg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;
 fk;gpa+l;lu; tifis $Wk;NghJ

 mnkupf;fhtpy; J}z;by; thq;f Nghd NghJ

 ntypq;ld; jpNal;lupy;

 fk;gpa+l;liu thq;fpf;nfhz;L tUk; NghJ

 ghf;F ntl;bia gwpnfhLj;j Gytupd; fij

 fk;gpa+l;lupy; fij fhzhky; Nghd NghJ

10) tho;tpay; mk;rq;fs;

 jpNal;lupy; glk; ghu;g;gJ

 flTs; ek;gpf;if

 Guhz fijfis re;jjpf;F $WtJ.

 ekJ ,yf;fpaq;fspd; rpwg;Gfis re;jjpf;F $WtJ.

 aho;g;ghz gz;ghL

 ,uhrp gyd; ghu;j;jy;

 nghq;fy; itj;jy;

 tplaj;ij njhlq;Fk; Kd; “Xk;” mr;rhuk; ,Ljy;.

 11) jiyg;gpd; nghUj;jg;ghL

 fij Muk;gk; fk;gpa+l;liu gw;wp njhlq;FtJ.

 FLk;g mq;fj;jtu;fs; fk;gpA+l;liu gw;wp ciuahLfpd;wdu;.

 fk;gpA+l;liu thq;Fjy;

 fk;gpA+l;liu tPl;by; ,af;Fjy;

 fk;gpA+l;liu gw;wpa tpsf;fk;

 tPl;L fzf;Ftof;Ffis fk;gpA+l;liu itj;J nra;jy;

 midj;J gFjpfspYk; fk;gpA+l;liu gw;wp NgRjy;

 ikaf;fUj;J fk;gpA+l;lu;

 ghj;jpu efu;T fk;gpA+l;liu Rw;wpNa mikjy;