Professional Documents
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Tushar Black Book
Tushar Black Book
SR. PG.
CONTENT
NO. NO.
1 Abstract
Chapter1
Introduction 1-5
Background
Objective
2 Advantage
Purpose
Scope
Applicability
Chapter2
Survey of Technologies 6-10
3 Android Studio
XML
JAVA
Firebase
Chapter3
Requirements and Analysis 11-14
4 Problem Definition
Requirement Specification
Planning and Scheduling
Chapter 4 15
Software and Hardware
5
Requirement
Preliminary Product Description
Chapter5 16-27
6
Coding
Chapter 6 28-33
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background:
1.2 Objectives:
1.3 PURPOSE:
The purpose of a Hospital Management System (HMS) is to streamline healthcare operations,
improve patient care, and optimize resource
management within a healthcare facility, ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency and
quality of healthcare services.
1.4 SCOPE:
1.5 APPLICABILITY:
It is applicable in hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities of all sizes, enabling efficient
patientdatamanagement, appointment scheduling, and streamlined operations, while also
facilitating compliance with healthcare
regulations. They enhance patient care and operational efficiency across the healthcare
industry.
CHAPTER 2
Survey of Technologies
FRONT END
Visual Studio Code is a free source-code editor made by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and
macOS. Features include support for debugging, syntax highlighting, intelligent code
completion, snippets, code refactoring, and embedded Git. Users can change the theme,
keyboard shortcuts, preferences, and install extensions that add additional functionality.
Visual Studio Code's source code comes from Microsoft's free and open- source software
VSCode project released under the permissive Expat License, but the compiled binaries are
freeware for any use.
In the Stack Overflow 2019 Developer Survey, Visual Studio Code was ranked the most
popular developer environment tool, with 50.7% of 87,317 respondents reporting that they
use it.
LANGUAGES USED:-
HTML:
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render
the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images
and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML
provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text
such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are
delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and
<input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and
provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements.
Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects
the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of
content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and
current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit
presentational HTML since 1997.
CSS
CSS embraces inheritance, allowing styles to cascade down from parent elements to children,
ensuring consistency across a webpage. However, conflicts can arise, which are resolved
through specificity, importance, and source order. Media queries enable responsive design,
facilitating the adaptation of layouts to different screen sizes and devices.
JAVASCRIPT
Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World
Wide Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web
applications. The vast majority of websites use it for client-side page behavior, and all major
web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it.
JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but they are now
embedded in some servers, usually via Node.js. They are also embedded in a variety of
applications created with frameworks such as Electron and Cordova.
Although there are similarities between JavaScript and Java, including language
name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ
greatly in design.
BACKEND: -
JSON:
It is short for JavaScript Object Notation, serves as a popular data interchange format known
for its simplicity and ease of use. It provides a lightweight and readable way to represent
structured data, making it ideal for transmitting information between servers and web
applications. JSON syntax closely resembles JavaScript object literal notation, featuring key-
value pairs and supporting various data types like strings, numbers, arrays, and objects. Its
widespread adoption across different programming languages and platforms underscores its
versatility in facilitating seamless data exchange in modern web development.
Python:
A high-level programming language renowned for its readability and versatility, seamlessly
integrates with JSON through its built-in `json` module. This module offers functions for
parsing JSON strings into native Python data structures and vice versa, enabling developers
to work with JSON data effortlessly within Python applications.
Python's simplicity and robustness make it a preferred choice for handling JSON data,
whether it's fetching data from APIs, processing configuration files, or exchanging
information between different components of a software system. This seamless
interoperability between Python and JSON contributes to the language's prominence in web
development, data analysis, and beyond.
Bootstrap :
Bootstrap is a popular open-source front-end framework used for designing and developing
responsive and mobile-first websites and web applications. It provides a collection of pre-
built HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components, along with a grid system and other utilities, to
facilitate the process of creating visually appealing and functional user interfaces.
One of the key features of Bootstrap is its grid system, which allows developers to create
responsive layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and devices, ensuring a consistent user
experience across desktops, tablets, and smartphones. This grid system simplifies the process
of organizing content and designing layouts by providing a flexible and customizable
framework for arranging elements on a web page. Overall, Bootstrap streamlines the process
of web development by providing a comprehensive set of tools and resources for building
modern, responsive, and visually appealing websites and web applications. Whether you're a
beginner or an experienced developer, Bootstrap can help you save time and effort in creating
professional-looking user interfaces for your projects.
FRONT END / GUI Tools
Python
MY SQL
DBMS/ BACK END
The problem definition for a Hospital Management System (HMS) involves identifying and
articulating the specific challenges or inefficiencies within the hospital's operations that the
system aims to address. Here's a concise problem definition for an HMS:
These challenges highlight the need for an integrated Hospital Management System that
automates routine tasks, centralizes data management, and enhances communication and
collaboration across departments. The HMS aims to streamline hospital operations, improve
patient care quality, and optimize resource utilization, ultimately enhancing overall efficiency
and effectiveness of healthcare delivery."
Functional Requirements:
The website incorporates robust user management functionalities, allowing patients, medical
staff, and administrators to securely register and log in.
Patients have the capability to update personal information, access medical history, and
manage appointments. Medical staff can efficiently access and update patient records, while
administrators have control over user
account management.
Non-functional Requirements:
The website prioritizes performance and scalability by offering a responsive user experience
with fast page loading times. It's designed to handle growth in users, patients, and data
volumes, ensuring scalability without compromising performance.
Reliability and availability are ensured with high system availability and minimal downtime
for maintenance. Backup and disaster recovery plans are in place to mitigate the risk of data
loss
Usability and documentation are key aspects, with an intuitive, user-friendly interface
designed for both patients and medical staff. Comprehensive documentation is provided for
users, administrators, and developers to facilitate ease of use and development.
The website maintains compliance with healthcare regulations such as HIPAA and GDPR,
ensuring the security and privacy of patient data. Ongoing maintenance and technical support
are available to address any issues and provide updates in accordance with regulatory
requirements.
For our project, planning was started from the month of June. In the planning
process, we have discussed about the project purpose, reason of the existence, comparison
with the existing work and the new thing to be developed in the beginning part. In the later
section, after having the clear vision of the project, we started working on documentation.
During the planning part, we have also discussed about the software and hardware
requirement and the languages required for coding.
After all the planning part is done, according to it scheduling of work was started.
In this part, time and resources are distributed according to our requirement. Purpose of
scheduling is that, the work should be done without any obstacles for example, overlapping
two works at the same time or same resource shouldn’t be used at two different places at the
same time. To avoid this circumstance, planning and scheduling is done.
Planning and scheduling can be shown with the help of using Gantt Chart. It
properly shows when the work starts, how much time is required and who is doing which
work. It gives us the overview knowledge of time duration and working structure of the
project. It even helps usto know if the work is going in the estimated time duration or not.
3.4 GANTT Chart
CHAPTER 4
Software and Hardware
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:
Home Screen:
Patient Page:
Doctor Page:
Appointment:
Appointment Entry:
Patient Entry
Doctor Entry:
Search:
CHAPTER 6
System Design
User Management:
Handles user registration, login, and profile management for patients, medicalstaff,
andadministrators.
Patient Management:
Stores and manages patient records, including personal information, medicalhistory,
andinsurancedetails.
Appointment Management:
Facilitates appointment scheduling,
rescheduling, and cancellationforpatientsandefficientappointment
managementformedicalstaff.
Doctor Management:
Hospital Management System (HMS) is a software solution designed to streamline and
automate various
administrative, clinical, and operational tasks within a healthcare facility, specifically
focusing on managing doctor-related activities. Here's an overview of the key features and
functionalities typically found in such a system: Doctor Scheduling Enables the efficient
scheduling and management of doctor appointments, including appointment booking,
rescheduling, and cancellation.
ER DIAGRAM
What is ER Diagram?
ER Model is used to model the logical view of the system from data perspective which
consists of these components:
Entity, Entity Type, Entity Set –
An Entity may be an object with a physical existence – a particular person, car,
house, or employee – or it may be an object with a conceptual existence – a Ngo , a job, or a
university course.
An Entity is an object of Entity Type and set of all entities is called as entity set.
e.g.; E1 is an entity having Entity Type Student and set of all students is called Entity Set. In
ER diagram, Entity Type is represented as:
ER DIAGRAM NOTATIONS
Attribute(s):
Attributes are the properties which define the entity type. For example, Roll No,
Name, DOB, Age, Address, Mobile No are the attributes which defines entity type Student.
In ER diagram, attribute is represented by an oval.
Key Attribute –
The attribute which uniquely identifies each entity in the entity set is called key
attribute. For example, Roll No will be unique for each student. In ER diagram, key attribute
is represented by an oval with underlying lines.
Composite Attribute –
An attribute composed of many other attributes is called as composite attribute.
For example, Address attribute of student Entity type consists of Street, City, State, and
Country. In ER diagram, composite attribute is represented by an oval comprising of
ovals.
Multivalued Attribute –
An attribute consisting more than one value for a given entity. For example, Phone
No (can be more than one for a given student). In ER diagram, multivalued attribute is
represented by double oval.
Derived Attribute –
An attribute which can be derived from other attributes of the entity type is known
as derived attribute. e.g.; Age (can be derived from DOB). In ER diagram, derived attribute is
represented by dashed oval.
ER DIAGRAM
Use Case Diagram:
SEQUENCE
DIAGRAM
NOTATIONS
DIAGRAM:
COMPONENT DIAGRAM:
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a visual representation that illustrates how data is processed in
a system. It’s a powerful tool used in software engineering, business analysis, and various
other fields to analyze, design, and document systems.
CONCLUSION
Future Enhancement:
Looking ahead, there are several avenues for enhancing the HMS to
further elevate its capabilities and address emerging needs in
healthcare management:
By embracing these future enhancements and continuously innovating, the HMS can evolve
into a sophisticated healthcare management platform that not only meets the current needs of
healthcare organizations but also anticipates and adapts to future challenges and opportunities
in the dynamic healthcare landscape.
Spiral Model:
REFERENCE
Conferences:
1. INFORMS Healthcare Conference
2. International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering (HCSE)
3. International Conference on Healthcare Systems Ergonomics and
Patient Safety (HEPS)
4. International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF)
Journals:
1. Health Care Management Science
2. Journal of Healthcare Management
3. Health Systems
4. Interfaces
Web Reference
• www.youtube.com
• https://hcmsus.com/
• www.tutorialspoint.com
Here we have named the useful books and websites which I have used in my project
for reference purpose.