Algebra - 5

Contents
 Logarithm
 Binomial
QA - 21
CEX-Q-0222/22

Number of questions : 24

1. If a, b, c, d are positive quantities such that

a2 = b3 = c5 = d6 then logd (abc) equals
5. If log7 log5  
x  5  x  0, what is the
(1) 5.8 (2) 6.0 value of x?
(3) 6.5 (4) 6.2 (1) 2 (2) 3
(3) 4 (4) 5
1 1 1
2. The value of log n  log n    log n is 6. If x  y and y > 1, then the value of the
2 3 43
1 1 x y
(1) log n (2) log n expression logx    logy   can never be
y
  x
43! 43
(1) –1.3 (2) –0.5
1 1 (3) 0 (4) 1
(3) log n! (4) log n
43 42
7. What is the number of
(1) Digits in 250 (log102 = 0.301)
10 (2) Zeroes between the decimal point and the
3. If log2x + logx 2  = log2y + logy2 and
3 first significant digit after the decimal point
x  y, then x + y is equal to in 2–50 ? ( log102 = 0.301)
65
(1) 2 (2) 8. If log10x – log10 x = 2 logx10, then the
8
possible value of x is given by
10
(3) (4) None of the above 1
3 (1) 10 (2)
100
1
4. Find the sum of the series (3) (4) None of these
1000
1 1 1 1
   .......  .
log3 9 log9 9 log27 9 log n 9 9. If logyx = (a.logzy) = (b.logxz) = ab, then
3 which of the following pairs of values for (a, b)
2 is not possible?
n(n  1)
(1) (2)
2 n(n  1)  1
(1)  2,  (2) (1, 1)
 2 
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)
(3) (4) (3) (0.4, 2.5) (4) (2, 2)
12 4

QA - 21 Page 1
 log x log y log z 17. Which term is independent of x in the
10. If   , then which of the 15
bc c a ab  2 3
following is/are correct? expansion of  x   ?
 x
I. xyz = 1 (1) 8th term (2) 9th term
II. xa yb zc = 1 (3) 10th term (4) 11th term
III. xb + c yc + a za + b = 1
IV. xb + c yc + a za + b = 0 18. The sum of coefficients of the terms which do
(1) Only I and II (2) Only I, II and III not contain odd powers of x in the expansion
(3) Only II and IV (4) Only I, II and IV of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 is
(1) 2100 (2) 299
log x log y log z
11. If 2 2   (2100 – 1)
2 2 2 2 (3) (2100 – 2) (4)
a  b  ab b  c  bc c  a  ac 2
then, the value of x(a b) . y(b c) .z(c a) is
19. Find the sum of the coefficients of all the
(1) 0 (2) 1
(3) abc (4) (xyz)abc 20
1
powers of x in  4x –  .
 x
12. How many positive integral values of x are
(1) 220 (2) 0
 x3  1  (3) 420 (4) 320
possible, if log0.5 log7  3   0?
 x  1
 
(1) 0 (2) 1 20. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of
(3) 2 (4) 3 (1 – x2 + x3) (1 + x)10 is
(1) 75 (2) 78
13. Let log12 18 = a. Then log24 16 is equal to (3) 85 (4) None of these
8  4a 1
(1)
5a
(2)
3a
21. In the expansion of (a + b + c)20, find
A. Number of terms?
4a  1 8  4a
(3) (4) B. Coefficient of a17b2c?
2  3a 5a C. Sum of the coefficients
14. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P., then
22. In the expansion of (1 + x + x2)20, find
1 1 1 A. Number of terms?
, , are in
1  log x 1  log y 1  log z B. Coefficient of x4?
(1) A. P. (2) H. P.
23. Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of
(3) G. P. (4) None of the above
(1 – x + x2)5.
(1) 35 (2) 45
15. If log2 (5 × 2x + 1), log4 (21 – x + 1) and 1 are in
(3) 60 (4) 75
A.P., then x equals to
(1) log25 (2) 1 – log25
(3) log52 (4) None of the above 24. The value of  21
C1  10C1    21

C 2  10C 2 

16. How many terms in the expansion of  21

C3  10C3    C 21
4 
 10C 4   
(a – b)30 will be negative if a and b are positive
real numbers?  21
C10  10 C  is
10
(1) 0 (2) 1 (1) 221– 210 (2) 220 – 29
(3) 15 (4) 30 (3) 220 – 210 (4) 221 – 211

Page 2 QA - 21
 QA - 21 : Algebra - 5 CEX-Q-0222/22
Answers and Explanations

1 4 2 1 3 4 4 4 5 3 6 4 7 – 8 2 9 4 10 2

11 2 12 1 13 1 14 2 15 2 16 3 17 4 18 1 19 4 20 2

21 – 22 – 23 2 24 3

1. 4 Let a2 = b3 = c5 = d6 Alternative method:

Therefore, a = d3, b = d2 and c = d1.2 Take n = 1
Logd(abc) = Logd(d6.2) = 6.2
1 1
Then the answer should be  , put in the
1 log3 9 2
2. 1 Since log b  logb a
a options. 1st and 2nd option get eliminated. Now put
So, the given expression becomes n = 2 and 3rd option gets eliminated. So, answer is
option (4).
logn 2  logn 3  logn 4    logn 43

Since logn 1  0 and loga p  loga q  loga pq , 5. 3 log7 log5  x5 x 0 

1 For the equation to be 0,
So, logn 43!  x  5  x must be equal to
log43! n
5. i.e. log5  x5 x  = 1.
10
3. 4 Since log2x + logx 2  = log2y + logy2 and x  y , Putting x = 4, satisfies the equation.
3
10
which means if we convert log2x + logx 2  into a  x y
P  logx    logy  
3 6. 4
 y x
quadratic equation, then x will take two values, same
would be for y. i.e. we have to find the sum of the = logx x – logx y + logy y – logy x
roots. = 2 – logx y – logy x
Let, t = logx y
10
So, log2x + logx 2  2
3 1  1
P  2 t    t  
1 10 t  t
log2x + 
log2 x 3 W hich can never be positive, out of given option it
2 can’t assume a value of +1. So (4) is ans.
3(log2 x)  10(log2 x)  3  0
( 10) 10 7. (1) Let y = 250
So, log2x + log2y =  . log10 y = = 50 × log10 2 = 50 × 0.301 = 15.05
3 3
y = 1015.05 = 100.05 + 15 = 1015 × 100.05
Since (10)0.05 is any number of the form a.bc…
n
4. 4  log bn  loga b So, number of digits in y = 15 + 1 = 16.
am m (2) let y = 2–50
1 1 1 1 log10 y = –50 log10 2 = –50 × 0.301
    ........   y = 10–15.05 = 10–16 + 0.95 = 10–16 × 100.95
log3 9 log9 9 log27 9 log n 9
3 Here, 100.95  8.88…
1 1 3 n 100.95
    ...... 
2 1 2 2 So, 1016  0. 0
  8 
15 zeroes

1 2 3 n n(n  1) i.e. 15 zeroes.

    .....  
2 2 2 2 4

QA - 21 Page 1
8. 2 log10 x  log10 x  2logx 10 or log (xyz)  0  (xyz)  B(0)  1
B

 x   xyz = 1
log10    logx 100 Option (1): xyz = 1, is correct.
 x
Option (2): xa.yb.zc
log10 100
 log10 x  a b c
log10 x  BK(b c )   BK(c  a)   BK(a b )
     
1 2
 log10 x 
B 
K a(b  c) b(c  a)  c(a b)
2 log10 x

2  BK(0)  B0  1
  log10 x   4 Option (2) is correct.
 log10 x  2 Option (3): x b c .y c  a .za  b

 log10 x  2 or log10 x  2 Bk(b  c)(b  c)   Bk(c  a)(c  a)   Bk(a b)(a b) 

     
 102  x or 10 2  x
K (b2  c 2 ) (c 2 –a2 )  (a2 –b 2 ) 
 
B
1
 x  100 or x
100  B0  1
Option (3) is correct.
Option (4): is wrong as the expression evaluates to 1
9. 4 logxy  a.logyz  b.logzx  a  b
as in (3) and not zero.
In all, options (1), (2) and (3) are correct.
logxy logxy
a and b 
logyz logzx
log x logy log z
11. 2 Let    k1
2 2 2 2
a  b  ab b  c  bc c  a2  ac
2
logxy
 logxy 
 ab  y
 z and x(a–b) .y (b – c) . z(c–a) = k2
logz  logx 
a – b  log x  b – c  log y   c – a log z  log k2
 logx   logx 

k
y
 logk 

k
y
 logk 
  
 k1  a – b  a2  b2  ab  b – c  b2  c 2  bc  
  {For some base k}
 logy   logkz 

k
z
 logk 
 x
 logk 

  c – a  c 2  a2  ac   logk 2

 logx 
3
3

 log k 2  k1 a3  b3  b3  c3  c 3  a3 
  ky   logxy
 log     (ab)3
 logk2  0  k 2  1
 k
So, ab – a3b3 = 0 Hence, (2) is the answer.
or, a × b(1 – a2b2) = 0
 ab = 1 12. 1 If 0 < a < 1 and loga x > 0, then 0 < x < 1.
Only option (4) does not satisfy.
(x 3  1)
So, 0  log7 1
(x 3  1)
log x log y log z
10. 2    K , say. Let B is base.
bc ca ab
x3  1
1  7
Then logB x  K(b  c)  x  B K(b c )
and x3  1

y  BK(c  a) and z  BK(a  b). x3  1

But is always less than 1, for all positive
Adding, we get x3  1
logB x  logB y  logB z values of x.
 K(b  c)  K(c  a)  K(a  b)  0 So, no solution.

Page 2 QA - 21
 log18 log2  2log3  2(15 – r) – r = 0
13. 1 log12 18 = a  a a
log12 2log2  log3  r = 10
Let, log 2 = x and log 3 = y  11th term is independent of x.

x  2y y 1  2a 18. 1 Expansion of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100

So,  a 
2x  y x a2 = (100C0 x100 y0 + 100C1 x99y1 + ... + 100C100 x0y100)
+ (100C0 x100(–y)0 + 100C1x99(–y)1 + 100C1 x98(–y)2 +
4log 2 4 ....+ 100C100x0(–y)100)
Now, log24 16  
log3  3log2 log3 Clearly, all the terms containing (–y), (–y)3 ...(–y)99 will
3
log 2 get cancelled.
 (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 = 2[100C0 x100 + 100C2 x98y2 ...
4 4(a  2) 4a  8 + 100C100]
  
 1  2a  (a  5) a5 All terms in the expansion of (x + y) 100 + (x – y) 100
3 
 a2 contain only non-odd powers of x
 Sum of the coefficients = (1 + 1) 100 + (1 – 1) 100
14. 2 For x, y and z to be in G.P. = 2100.
y2 = xz
2 log y = log x + log z 19. 4 To find the sum of the coefficients of all the powers of
i.e. log x. log y and log z are in A.P. 20
So, (log x + 1), (log y + 1), (log z + 1) are also in A.P.  1
x, we put x = 1 in the given expression i.e.  4x –  .
 x
1 1 1
 , and are in H.P..
1  log x 1  log y 1  logz Hence, the required sum is 320.

20. 2 Given expression is (1 – x2 + x3) (1 + x)10

15. 2 Since the given terms are in A.P.
= (1 – x2 + x3) (1 + 10C1x + 10C2 x2 + 10C3x3 + 10C4x4 + …
So, 2  log4 (2(1 x)  1)  log2 (5  2 x  1)  1 + 10C7x7+ …+ x10)
 Coefficient of x7 = 10C7 – 10C5 + 10C4
log2 (2(1 x)  1)  log2 (5  2x  1)  log2 2
10.9.8 10.9.8.7.6 10.9.8.7
=    78.
 21 x  1  (5  2x  1)2 3.2.1 5.4.3.2.1 4.3.2.1
2
  1  10  2x  2 21. A. Number of terms = 20 + 3 – 1 C = 22 C
2x 2 – 1 2

Let 2x = y 22  21
=  231
2 2
So,  1  10  y  2
y B. (a + b + c)20 = {(a + b) + c}20
2 + y = 10y2 + 2y = 20C0 (a + b)20 × c0 + 20C1 × (a + b)19 × c1 + …
2 1 = 20C0 (a + b)20 × c0 + 20C1 × {19C0a19b0 + 19C1a18b1
y or + 19C2a17b2 + … } × c + …
5 2
From the above expression the coefficient of
2  1 a17b2c is 20C1 × 19C2 i.e. 3420.
i.e. 2 x  x
 as 2   
5 2 C. To find the sum of the coefficients, we need to
x = 1 – log2 5. substitute a = b = c = 1.
 The required sum = 320.
16. 3 All the terms in which the power of (–b) will be odd,
will have a negative sign.
Therefore, the power of (–b) can be 1, 3, 5…29. 22. A. All the powers of x starting from 0 to 40 are
Hence, required number of terms is 15. present in the expansion of (1 + x + x2)20. Hence,
the number of terms in the expansion is 41.
15
 2 3 B. {(1 + x) + x2}2 = 20C
0(1 + x)20 + 20C
1(1 + x)19x2 +
17. 4 x  
 x 20C x)18x4+
2(1 + …
Let the (r + 1)th term be independent of x. From the above expression, the coefficient of x4
r 20C 20C 20C 19C + 20C × 18C .
3 is 0× 4+ 1× 2 2 0
 Tr 1  15 Cr (x 2 )15 r   
x

QA - 21 Page 3
23. 2 Here (1 – x + x2)5 = [1 – x (1 – x)]5 24. 3 Since, nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + … + nCn = 2n
5 5 2 2 and nCr = nC(n – r)
= 1  C1  1  x 1  x   C2  x 1  x 
So, nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + … to middle term = 2(n – 1)
3 4
5 C3  x3 1  x  5 C4  x 4 1  x  – ...
 21C0 + 21C1 + 21C2 + … + 21C10 = 220
Only 3rd, 4th and 5th terms will give the terms of x4
 21C1 + 21C2 + … + 21C10 = (220 – 1) [ 21C
0 = 1]
In 3rd term, it is 5 C2  x 2  x 2
Again,
10C 10 10 10
0 + C1 + … + C10 = 2
5 3
In 4th term, it is  C3  x  3  x 
 C1 + C2 + … + C10 = (210 –
10 10 10 1)
In 5th term, it is 5 C4  x 4  1 So, from the given expression in the question
So, the coefficient of x4 is (220 – 1) – (210 – 1) = (220 – 210).
10 + (– 10) × (– 3) + 5 i.e. 45.

Page 4 QA - 21