Coursebook Ielts

TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1 - TOURISM (1) UNIT 15 - HEALTH (3)

WRITING TASK 2 ANALYSIS 15.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
15.2 - SPEAKING
UNIT 2 - TOURISM (2) UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1)

BRAINSTORM APPROACHES 16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -
TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE TASK ANALYSIS
16.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART

3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM 17.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUT-
3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES LINES
17.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART

4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION 18.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
4.2 - MISTAKE SYSTEM 18.2 - SPEAKING
4.3 - SPEAKING
UNIT 5 - TRANSPORTATION (1) UNIT 19 - JOBS (1)

5.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 19.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
5.2 - REVIEW TASK 1 - MAP 19.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
UNIT 6 - TRANSPORTATION (2) UNIT 20 - JOBS (2)

6.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY 20.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
6.2 - SPEAKING 20.2 - SPEAKING
UNIT 7 - ECONOMY (1) UNIT 21 - CRIME (1)

7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE 21.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
UNIT 8 - ECONOMY (2) UNIT 22 - CRIME (2)

8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES 22.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
8.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PROCESS 22.2 - SPEAKING
UNIT 9 - ECONOMY (3) UNIT 23 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1)

9.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY 23.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
9.2 - SPEAKING 23.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
S6.5/ COURSEBOOK 1
UNIT 1 - TOURISM (1)
WRITING TASK 2 ANALYSIS
UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1) UNIT 24 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2)

10.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 24.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY WRITING TASK 2 ANALYSIS
10.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH 24.2 - SPEAKING
UNIT 11 - ENVIRONMENT (2) UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1) A. GRADING CRITERIA ANALYSIS

11.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUT- 25.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
Read the IELTS Writing Task 2 band descriptor below and do the following tasks
LINES 25.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE
IELTS WRITING TASK 2 - BAND DESCRIPTORS
11.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH
Task Response Coherence and Lexical Resource Grammatical
UNIT 12 - ENVIRONMENT (3) UNIT 26 - ARCHITECTURE (2) Cohesion Range and
12.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY 26.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY Accuracy
9 ▪ fully addresses all ▪ uses cohesion in ▪ uses a wide range of ▪ uses a wide range
UNIT 13 - HEALTH (1) UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1) parts of the task such a way that it vocabulary with very of structures with full
13.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 27.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS ▪ presents a fully attracts no attention natural and flexibility and
13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 27.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE developed position in ▪ skilfully manages sophisticated accuracy; rare minor
UNIT 14 - HEALTH (2) UNIT 28 - MEDIA (2) answer to the question paragraphing control of lexical errors occur only as
14.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUT- 28.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - MEDIA - FULL with relevant, fully features; rare minor ‘slips’
LINES ESSAY extended and well errors occur only as
14.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 28.2 - SPEAKING supported ideas ‘slips’
8 ▪ sufficiently addresses ▪ sequences ▪ uses a wide range of ▪ uses a wide range

all parts of the task information and ideas vocabulary of structures
▪ presents a logically ▪ fluently and flexibly ▪ the majority of
well-developed ▪ manages all to convey precise sentences are
response to the aspects of cohesion meanings error-free
question with well ▪ skilfully uses ▪ makes only very
relevant, extended and ▪ uses paragraphing uncommon lexical occasional errors or
supported ideas sufficiently and items but there may inappropriacies
appropriately be
occasional
inaccuracies in word
choice and collocation
▪ produces rare
errors in spelling and/
or word formation
2 Pasal độc quyền phương pháp giảng dạy IELTS SIMON tại Việt Nam S6.5/ COURSEBOOK 3
UNIT 1 - TOURISM (1) UNIT 1 - TOURISM (1)
WRITING TASK 2 ANALYSIS WRITING TASK 2 ANALYSIS
7 ▪ addresses all parts of ▪ logically organis- ▪ uses a sufficient ▪ uses a variety of 5 ▪ addresses the task ▪ presents information ▪ uses a limited range ▪ uses only a limited
the task es information and range of vocabulary to complex structures only partially; the with some of vocabulary, but this range of structures
▪ presents a clear ideas; there is clear allow some flexibility ▪ produces frequent format may be organisation but there is minimally adequate ▪ attempts complex
position throughout the progression through- and precision error-free sentences inappropriate in places may be a lack of for the task sentences but these
▪ expresses a position overall progression ▪ may make tend to be less
response out ▪ uses less common ▪ has good control of
but the development is ▪ makes inadequate, noticeable errors in accurate than
▪ presents, extends ▪ uses a range of lexical items with grammar and
not always clear and inaccurate or over spelling and/or word simple sentences
and supports main cohesive devices ap- some awareness of punctuation but may
there may be no use of cohesive formation that may ▪ may make
ideas, but there may propriately although style and collocation make a few errors
conclusions drawn devices cause some difficulty frequent
be a tendency to there may be some ▪ may produce occa-
▪ presents some main ▪ may be repetitive for the reader grammatical errors
overgeneralise and/or under-/over-use sional errors in word ideas but these are because of lack of and punctuation
supporting ideas may ▪ presents a clear choice, spelling and/or limited and not referencing and may be faulty; errors
lack focus central topic within word formation sufficiently developed; substitution can cause some
each paragraph there may be irrelevant ▪ may not write in difficulty for the
6 ▪ addresses all parts ▪ arranges ▪ uses an adequate ▪ uses a mix of detail paragraphs, or reader
of the task although information and ideas range of vocabulary simple and complex paragraphing may be
inadequate
some parts may be coherently and there for the task sentence forms
4 ▪ responds to the task ▪ presents information ▪ uses only basic ▪ uses only a very
more fully covered is a clear overall ▪ attempts to use less ▪ makes some
only in a minimal way and ideas but these vocabulary which may limited range of
than others progression common vocabulary errors in grammar
or the answer is are not arranged be used repetitively or structures with only
▪ presents a relevant ▪ uses cohesive de- but with some and punctuation but
tangential; the format coherently and there which may be rare use of
position although the vices effectively, but inaccuracy they rarely reduce
may be inappropriate is no clear inappropriate for the subordinate clauses
conclusions may cohesion within and/ ▪ makes some errors communication
▪ presents a position progression in the task ▪ some structures
become unclear or or between in spelling and/or
but this is unclear response ▪ has limited control of are accurate but
repetitive sentences may be word formation, but ▪ presents some main ▪ uses some basic word formation and/ errors predominate,
▪ presents relevant faulty or mechanical they do not impede ideas but these are cohesive devices but or spelling; errors may and punctuation is
main ideas but some ▪ may not always use communication difficult to identify and these may be cause strain for the often faulty
may be inadequately referencing clearly or may be repetitive, inaccurate or reader
developed/unclear appropriately irrelevant or not well repetitive
▪ uses paragraphing, supported ▪ may not write in

paragraphs or their
but not always
use may be confusing
logically
● What are the differences between band 7.0 and 8.0?

3 ▪ does not adequately ▪ does not organise ▪ uses only a very ▪ attempts sentence
address any part of the ideas logically limited range of words forms but errors in …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
task ▪ may use a very and expressions with grammar and
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▪ does not express a limited range of very limited control of punctuation
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
clear position cohesive devices, word formation and/or predominate and ● What are the differences between band 7.0 and 6.0?
▪ presents few ideas, and those used may spelling distort the meaning
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
which are largely not indicate a logical ▪ errors may severely
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
undeveloped or relationship between distort the message …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
irrelevant ideas …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ▪ barely responds to ▪ has very little ▪ uses an extremely ▪ cannot use ● Write the correct criterion (Task response / Coherence & Cohesion / Lexical resource /
Grammatical range & Accuracy) next to each descriptor below. Then, fill the all descriptors
the task control of limited range of sentence forms
in the table with correct criteria.
▪ does not express a organisational vocabulary; except in
position features essentially no control memorised phrases

Description
▪ may attempt to of word formation and/
1. organise information and ideas logically
present one or two or spelling
ideas but there is no 2. answer all the questions fully and relevantly
development
3. present a clear central topic in each paragraph
1 ▪ answer is completely ▪ fails to ▪ can only use a few ▪ cannot use
unrelated to the task communicate any isolated words sentence forms at 4. give relevant, extended and supported ideas
message all
5. use a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
0 ▪ does not attend
6. produce rare spelling mistakes
▪ does not attempt the
task in any way 7. use linking words (cohesive devices) appropriately

▪ writes a totally
8. use the words accurately (in terms of style and collocation)
memorised response
● Highlight keywords in the description for Band 7.0 and note them down 9. sentences are error-free
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. present a clear position or opinion throughout the essay

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. use a variety of structures
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. use a wide range of vocabulary (little or no repetition)
Criteria Description ● Paragraph 2: ……………………………..…………………………………………………………

……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
Task response
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
● Paragraph 3: ……………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
Coherence & Cohesion
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
● Paragraph 4: …………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
Lexical resource
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
● The last Paragraph: …………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
Grammatical range and ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
accuracy
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
2.2 Main content

B. TASK ANALYSIS
I. Task Type For the two body paragraphs of the essay, the content has to be based on the task type so that the
There are five main types of task for task 2 essays in IELTS, which have been introduced in the essay would not be off-topic and hence achieve a low band score for the Task Response criterion.
course S5.5. They are:
● Write the main idea of the body paragraphs for the task questions below
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Causes of the problem
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
● Effects of the problem
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Solutions for the problem
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Advantages of the subject
● Disadvantages of the subject

II. Outline
2.1. Format ● The reasons why you agree with the statement
A task 2 essay should have four to five paragraphs. What are they about? What are their ● The reasons why you disagree with the statement
functions? ● The reasons why some people have that viewpoint and whether you agree/disagree
● The first Paragraph: ……………………………………………………………………………........
with them
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
Task questions Body paragraphs 3. Practice
What are the reasons and Body 1: ● Identify the task type and write the main idea for the body paragraphs for the tasks below
consequences of this issue?
No. Task Task type Body paragraphs
Body 2:
1 Today, more people are travelling Mixed (cause Body 1: reasons why more people are
than ever before. Why is this the - advantages) travelling than ever before
Why does this happen? Body 1:
case? What are the benefits of
What can we do to address this
travelling for travellers? Body 2: benefits of travelling for trav-
issue? Body 2:
ellers
2 International travel has many

What are the causes of this Body 1:
advantages to both travellers
problem?
and the countries that they visit.
How can we solve this problem? Body 2: Do advantages outweigh
disadvantages?
What are the advantages and Body 1: 3 Many people believe that
disadvantages of doing this? international tourism is a bad
Body 2: thing for their country. What are
the reasons?
Do the advantages outweigh the Body 1: What are the solutions to change
disadvantages? negative attitudes?
Body 2: 4 Some people say that tourism has

many negative effects on the
countries that people travel to.
Is this a positive or negative Body 1:
How true is this statement? What
development?
can tourists do to reduce the
Body 2:
harmful effect of tourism on
local cultures and environments?
(To what extent) Do you agree or Body 1:
5 Some people say that tourism has
disagree with this view?
many negative effects on the
Body 2:
countries that people travel to.
Do you agree or disagree?
Discuss both views and give Body 1:
your
opinion. Body 2:
6 Some people say that tourism has Anchor points: the topic Tourism has many aspects to talk about. However, in this task, we
many negative effects on the should only talk about the benefits of travelling for travellers
countries that people travel to. → If you talk about the benefits of tourism to host countries or local people, you would be off-topic
Some others say that tourism and hence achieve a low band score for Task Response.
has brought about a number of

benefits to the host cou ntries. ● Now it’s your turn. Analyse the three layers of the remaining tasks below by highlighting
Discuss both views and give your words with three different colours.
opinion.
2. International travel has many advantages to both travellers and the countries that they visit.
III. Task layer analysis Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?
In IELTS writing Task 2, a task would have three layers that help shape your essay and gain a good
3. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the
score for Task Response
reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?
- The first layer: topic. The topic helps you decide the theme and vocabulary for the whole
essay.
4. Some people say that tourism has many negative effects on the countries that people travel
- The second layer: task type, which you have learnt to identify above. The task type helps
to. How true is this statement? What can tourists do to reduce the harmful effects of tourism on
you decide the main content of each body paragraph so as to answer ALL the questions of
local cultures and environments?
the task.
- The third layer: anchor points. The anchor points help limit the scope of the topic you need
to write about.
to. Do you agree or disagree?
Let’s analyse the three layers of one of the tasks above!

to. Some others say that tourism has brought about a number of benefits to the host countries.
Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the Discuss both views and give your opinion.
benefits of travelling for travellers?
—----------------------------------------------
Topic: we can identify the topic through keywords repeated in the task, which are highlighted in
blue. The task is about travelling - tourism.
→ The more topic-related vocabulary you can use in your essay, the better score you get for
Lexical resources.
Task type: we can identify the task type through the words in the question, which are highlighted in
yellow. This is a mixed type with one question asking the reasons why more people are travelling
than ever before and one about the benefits of travelling for travellers.
→ If you miss any of these ideas in your essay, or if you talk about disadvantages or solutions, you
would achieve a very low band score for Task Response.
BRAINSTORM APPROACHES TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE BRAINSTORM APPROACHES TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE
Technology
BRAINSTORM - APPROACHES - TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE
Many students struggle coming up with ideas when writing. Some include too many ideas
which overlap each other or are irrelevant to the questions. All of these issues would result in a low
score for Task response.
The purpose of this unit is to help students brainstorm and select relevant ideas for the task by
systematising knowledge for all topics with appropriate brainstorm approaches.
Education
A. SPET APPROACH
SPET stands for:

- Social issues
- Politics
Environment
- Economy
- Environment
- Education
- Technology
We would use the SPET approach to brainstorm ideas for macroscopic issues, which means tasks
asking about the impacts of the subject on the whole society or the whole country.
E.g.: “Some people say that tourism has many negative effects on the countries that people travel
Economy
to. Some others say that tourism has brought about a number of benefits to the host countries.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
• Decide which of the tasks below can you use the SPET approach to brainstorm? Tick the box
next to it
No. Task Checkbox
1 Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case?
What are the benefits of travelling for travellers?
Politics
2 International travel has many advantages to both travellers and the countries
that they visit. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?
3 Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country.
What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?
4 Some people say that tourism has many negative effects on the countries that
people travel to. How true is this statement? What can tourists do to reduce Social issues
the harmful effect of tourism on local cultures and environments?
5 Some people say that tourism has many negative effects on the countries that
people travel to. Do you agree or disagree?
● Use your own knowledge, discuss with your friends and do some research to fill in the table
Negative
below
Positive
impact
impact
The impacts of Tourism on the host countries
After filling in this table, you should have general knowledge about positive and negative impacts of
tourism on a country.
NOTICE
When writing an outline, remember to only select ideas related to the question(s) in the task.
If the task only asks about the negative impacts of tourism, just write about that. Do not try to “show
off” your knowledge by including irrelevant ideas such as positive impacts of tourism, or else your
essay would be off-topic and hence lose marks on Task Response.
Besides, even when you have many ideas, just select one to two ideas for each body
paragraph and explain them in detail. Do not be “greedy” and include too many ideas in your
paragraphs without giving explanation for them, or else you would lose marks for Task Response
as well.
B. STAKEHOLDER APPROACH
“Stakeholder” means a person or company that is involved in a particular organisation,
project, system, etc., especially because they have invested money in it. In general, this word is
used to indicate people who are involved in an issue.
We would use the Stakeholder approach to brainstorm ideas for medium issues, which means tasks
asking about the impacts of the subject on an organisation, system, etc. (not the whole community/
country/…)
E.g.: “Some people think that the government should tax businesses at tourist attractions higher
than other places in the country. Do you agree or disagree?”
→ The act of taxing businesses at tourist attractions would impact certain groups of people at tourist
attractions, but not the whole country.
• Think about people or organisation that are impacted by this act
Impact of this act
stakeholders
Use your own knowledge, discuss with your friends and do some research to fill in the table
on these
below
After filling in this table, you should see how each stakeholder is impacted by this act, positively or
negatively. Then you can decide whether this act would bring about more benefits or drawbacks to
the stakeholders and make a decision whether to agree or disagree with the statement.
At present
C. SPECIFY APPROACH
“Specify” means to state something by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions,
etc.
We would use the Specify approach to brainstorm ideas for microscopic issues, which means
tasks asking about the impacts of the subject on individuals.
(Things need considering when people travel)
E.g: “Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits
of travelling for travellers?”
After filling in this table, you should be able to compare the differences between travelling in the
→ The act of travelling is decided by individuals and it would also have impacts on individuals.
past and at present to see why more people are travelling than before. Which aspects are more
• Think about why people travel. What do they need to consider when travelling?
convenient for travellers now than in the past? What makes people travel more than before?
• Use your own knowledge, discuss with your friends and do some research to fill in the table
below
Reasons for travelling in the past Reasons for travelling at the present
(Reasons for travelling)
Transportation Accommodation Recreational Tourist attractions

activities
In the past
3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM 3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM
UNIT 3 - TOURISM (3) E.g: The development of Tourism means more tourists coming to the destination. This would lead
3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM to a growing number of local businesses to serve visitors. This means local people can have more
jobs, earn more money and hence have better lives. They would also have to pay for taxes to
Most students start writing without developing a detailed outline beforehand.They would, therefore,
contribute to national budgets, so the government can have more money from taxation to invest
easily lose track of what they actually need to write to answer the questions, or sometimes go too
in local infrastructure. The life of local people can be enhanced as well. The increasing number of
deeply into one part of the question and lack time to finish the remaining idea. This normally results
tourists means there are more potential customers. This would attract more investors coming to the
in a “messy” essay with illogical order of information, repeated ideas, off-topic sentences and
destinations to develop their businesses. The local and national economy would flourish.
unanswered questions as students just write what appears first in their mind. As a consequence,
the essay would achieve low scores for Task response and Coherence & Cohesion.
The paragraph above is an example about how a raw logical chain should look. Please note that
this example does not use any linkers and only uses simple, non-paraphrased words to express the
To address such issues, it is of great importance to prepare a detailed outline of what you are
idea.
going to write. This phase should happen after you have brainstormed many ideas for the task so
Now use the logical chain A → B → C → D to turn the paragraph above into shorter phrases.
that you can select the most appropriate and convincing ones to include in your essay.
A:
NOTICE
→ B:
There’s no need to write full sentences or long phrases, just jot down a few short phrases for main
→ C:
ideas, reasons, examples for each paragraph.
→ D:
● Write a detailed outline for the task below
NOTICE
“Some people say that tourism has many negative effects on the countries that people travel to. A logical organisation must be:
Some others say that tourism has brought about a number of benefits to the host countries. Discuss 1. gap-free (it should not be: A → C → D)
both views and give your opinion” 2. repetition-free (it should not be: A → B → A → C)
3. digression-free (there should be no off-topic sentences)
OUTLINE 4. logically ordered (it should not be: B → C → D → A)
Body 1:
● Organise the given ideas to make a logical chain of ideas
More English classes are opened at school and Local people on average have higher levels
Body 2:
private centres of English proficiency
More tourists come to the destination to travel More people need to learn English to sell
products and services to foreign travellers
→ Your answer:
A. LOGICAL ORGANISATION
Logical organisation means the ideas presented should follow the order of causal relationship. More single-use plastic bottles and cans are used The environment becomes more polluted
Specifically, when the task asks about the effects of the Subject, we should start from the activity on a daily basis
of the Subject then the following consequences of it. The example below would show how tourism
impacts the economy. More tourists come to the destination to travel More litter is dropped onto the ground
→ Your answer:
A great benefit of travelling is that people might
earn money from their travel experience (1). By
posting their travel videos on various websites
Local traditions and customs are preserved and More tourists come to the destination to
such as Youtube, which is the biggest social
developed experience local culture and activities
networking site, people can gain huge amounts
More local people of traditional craft villages of income (2). For example, my cousin, who is a
continue their craft to serve visitors and gain more YouTuber, posts videos on Youtube whenever he
income travels from one city to another via bike (3). He
can receive up to ten million vietnam dong per
→ Your answer:
month from Youtube (4).
● Identify the logical issues in the following paragraphs and rewrite them in a logical way B. CHOOSING EXAMPLES
Task: “Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the
Examples can be presented in two ways in your essay: as a part of the sentence or as a separate
benefits of travelling for travellers?”
sentence.
Sample body paragraph Rewritten paragraphs I. As a part of the sentence
E.g.: “Travellers can experience a wide variety of local activities such as making pottery or painting
There are some advantages of travelling (1). The
small statues”.
important thing is that travellers are able to
relax (2). Furthermore, they can recharge their
→ “making pottery” and “painting small statues” are two noun phrases exemplifying “local activities”
mental and physical energy by enjoying the
environment (3). As an illustration, when people → NOUN1 such as + noun2 (the second noun must exemplify the NOUN before the word ‘such as’)
spend quality time together on the vacation it ● Complete the sentences below with appropriate examples
makes them get closer to each other and also

1) There are many services that tourists could buy such as …………………………………………
relieve stress. (4). Travelling contributes to a closer
2) Travellers can gain a number of benefits such as ……………………………...........……………
relationship between friends, family and partner
3) A great number of wild animals such as …………………………………… have decreased in
(5). Certainly, their relationship will develop and
population due to the invasion of tourists into their natural habitats.
get closer (6).
II. As a separate sentence

A great benefit of travelling is that it helps broaden
E.g.: “Many visitors damage the environment and nature unconsciously. For example, some tourists
people’s horizons (1). While people travel, they
pick up starfish off the water to take photos without knowing that such action could kill these
can enrich their knowledge (2). Secondly, visiting
creatures.”
other countries is a perfect opportunity to practice
foreign language and communicate with → The second sentence demonstrates a specific case of the previous sentence
foreigners (3). There is no doubt that active → For example/ For instance, clause (the clause in this sentence must be a specific case
practice improves the productivity of learning (4). exemplifying the sentence before it)
3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM 3.1 - BUILD A DETAILED OUTLINE - TOURISM
• Complete the sentences below with appropriate examples C. CHOOSING SOLUTIONS
1) Many tourist destinations have been damaged severely due to a large number of visitors. In a cause-solution essay, the solutions suggested in the second body paragraph must be
For instance, ……………………………………………………………………………………………… compatible with the reasons listed in the first body paragraph.
….…………………………………………………………………..............……………………………... • Match the cause of pollution with the appropriate solution
2) The local culture of many places has been resurrected thanks to the development of tourism.
Problem - Cause Solution
For example, ………………………………………………………………………………………………
1) Tourists litter on the ground indiscriminately. a, Build high-rise hotels to accommodate
….………………………………………………………………….........................................................
the increasing number of tourists.
3) The economies of many countries have flourished due to the investment in tourism. 2) Forests are destroyed to build more resorts and b, Ban the use of plastic bags and impose
For instance, ……………………………………………………………………………………………… hotels to accommodate tourists. higher taxes on single-use plastic products
….………………………………………………………………............................................................ at tourist attractions.
3) The air is heavily polluted due to the emissions of c, Provide more signs and dust bins at
III. Notice
vehicles transporting tourists. tourist attractions.
- Remember that an example must be a specific thing/case that stands right after the noun/ clause 4) Tourists consume a great number of single-use d, Develop better public transport with larger
that it is exemplifying. plastic products every day. capacity to carry tourists
- We can use “such as” to introduce an example or examples of something we mention. We ● Find the solution for the issues below
normally use a comma before “such as” when we present a list of examples. Where there is just
Problem - Cause Solution
one
example, we don’t need a comma.
- ‘For example’ is followed by a comma and a full sentence. ‘Such as’ is in the middle of the
Local people abandon their
sentence, followed by nouns. You can use ‘For instance’ instead of ‘For example’. You can use
traditional jobs to work for
‘like’ instead of ‘such as’ (“Such as” is similar to “like” for introducing examples, but it is more formal,
hotels and shops that serve
and is used more in writing than “like”).
tourists.
• Correct the sentences below
Incorrect sentences Rewritten sentences
Tourists can experience many activities such as

they can try making pottery or cooking local food.
Tourists litter onto the oceans
indiscriminately.
Travellers can widen their knowledge after every trip.
For example, understanding more about the culture of
the visited destinations or gaining more surviving kills.
3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES 3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES
3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES AVOID USING VAGUE WORDS AS DO NOT USE VAGUE WORDS IN
4. Vague
MUCH AS YOU CAN IN SPEAKING ACADEMIC WRITING
words
A. FORMALITY e.g.: get, things, stuff
e.g.: I’m, don’t, can’t, they’ve done, --> I am, I do not, cannot, they have
In academic writing, you must use formal expressions in your language. By contrast, informal ex-
people’ll,... done, people will,...
pressions are recommended in spoken language, when you take the speaking test, as it would 5.
USE CONTRACTION IN YOUR DO NOT USE CONTRACTION IN
sound more natural and native-like. Contractions
Here are some features that you are recommended to use in your speaking, but are not allowed to SPEECH TO SOUND MORE YOUR WRITING
use in your academic writing. NATURAL

noun, noun, etc. noun, noun and so on.
Informal (for spoken language) Formal (for written language) e.g.: Nowadays, to entertain, people e.g.: Nowadays, to entertain, people
First or second-person view: I, we, Third-person view: people, travellers, use smartphones, televisions, etc. use smartphones, televisions and so
you the Government,... on.
1. Subject e.g.: We should limit the purchase of e.g.: People should limit the purchase 6. Listing noun, noun,... or things like that Noun such as noun 1 and noun 2
single-use plastic products to protect of single-use plastic products to pro- e.g.: e.g.:
the environment. tect the environment. Nowadays, people use smartphones, Nowadays, people use technological
- “have got” - “have” televisions or things like that to devices such as smartphones and
e.g.: The Government has got an e.g.: The Government has an entertain. televisions to entertain.
investment for traditional craft villages. investment for traditional craft villages. e.g.: give up --> stop
- ‘pretty’ as an intensifier - ‘rather/ quite’ as an intensifier put up with --> to bear/ to tolerate
7. Phrasal
e.g.: The solution is pretty ineffective e.g.: The solution is rather ineffective deal with --> solve
verbs
- ‘like’ as a preposition - ‘such as’ as a preposition PHRASAL VERBS MAKES YOUR AVOID USING PHRASAL VERBS IN
e.g.: Some wild animals like tigers or e.g.: Some wild animals such as tigers SPEECH SOUNDS MORE NATURAL YOUR WRITING
2. Words
rhinos could be endangered. or rhinos could be endangered. For numbers from one to ten
8. Numbers
- ‘lots of, a lot of’ - ‘many/ a large number of’ → write in letter: one, two,..., ten
writing
e.g.: There are lots of benefits that e.g.: There are many benefits that For numbers larger than ten
rules
travellers can gain after every trip. travellers can gain after every trip. → write in numbers: 11, 20, 300,...
- ‘gonna, wanna’ - ‘going to, want to’ ● Rewrite the sentences below to make them more formal
e.g.: The population is gonna increase e.g.: The population is going to
substantially next year. increase substantially next year. Informal Formal
‘Practice makes perfect’
3. Idioms, ‘Once in a blue moon’... DO NOT USE IDIOMS IN ACADEMIC
slangs USE IDIOMS IN YOUR SPEAKING WRITING We should have healthy diets.
APPROPRIATELY
3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES 3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES
B. DEGREE OF CERTAINTY
There is pretty much stuff to talk about. In academic contexts, it is important to show how sure you are about something. In other words, you
need to show the degree of certainty. The table below shows different degrees of certainty.
Children are fond of colourful things like

toys, cartoons, etc. Degree of certainty Verbs Adverbs Quantifiers
Very high is (not) certain(ly) all + noun (plural)

Companies want to get the best guys.
will (not) definite(ly) every + noun (singular)
must (not) clear(ly)
undoubtedly
In universities, many things are
always/never
discussed.
High can/cannot probably (is) almost all + noun (plural)

People bring lots of things when they
should (not) presumably almost every + noun
travel.
usually (singular)
Shops sell a lot of stuff. Rather high to could (not) likely/unlikely Many + noun (plural)
medium would (not) often A great number of + noun
(plural)
Households now normally have TVs,
laptops, etc.
Medium to low may (not) possibly (not) Some + noun (plural)
might (not) perhaps (not) Several + noun (plural)
Drinking can cause fights, arguments, sometimes A few + noun (plural)
etc.
Impersonal Some people say that

…
Many local people don’t like travellers.
It is said that ...
It appears that ...
Local residents have to put up with There is evidence to
the noise of tourists all day and night. suggest that…
3.2 - ACADEMIC WRITING STYLES 4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION
In IELTS writing task 2, you are normally asked to give your personal opinions, rather than reporting UNIT 4 - TOURISM (4)
proven facts. Therefore, remember to lower the degree of certainty in your statements. 4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION
● Use the words or phrases in the table above to lower the degrees of certainty of the
statements below
A. UNITY IN A PARAGRAPH
Very high degree of certainty Lower degree of certainty I. Explanation
An important element of a good paragraph is unity. Unity means that a paragraph discusses
one and only one main idea from beginning to end. For example, if your paragraph is about the
1. People do not like bicycles
advantages of travelling, discuss only that. Do not discuss the disadvantages.
because they are slow
Sometimes, it is possible to discuss more than one aspect of the same idea in one paragraph
if they are closely related to each other. For example, you can discuss the benefits of tourism on
local and national economies in the same paragraph because they are closely related, but you
2. Building more roads can solve
should not discuss both the benefits for the host nation and travellers in the same paragraph
the traffic jam issue
because they are not closely related.
The second part of unity is that every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove
the main idea. For example, in a paragraph about the benefits of travelling for travellers, you could
3. People want to save time by mention broadening the mind and gaining more life experience, but if you write several sentences
using faster means of transport. about local people learning more from tourists, you are getting off topic, and your paragraph will not
have unity.
II. Practice
4. Road accidents are the result
2.1. Exercise 1
of reckless driving.
The three paragraphs that follow all discuss the same topic. Only one of them shows unity.
• First read the paragraphs. Then answer these questions.
1. Which paragraph has unity?

5. People want money and will 2. Which paragraph does not have unity because it discusses two different topics?
do anything to obtain it. 3. Which paragraph does not have unity because it has sentences that are not related to the main
topic?
Paragraph 1
6. People who eat fast food can Effects of Colour
become obese. Colours create biological reactions in our bodies.These reactions, in turn, can change our behaviour.
In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable
4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION 4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION
decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short ● Locate and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph. Then cross out the sentence or
bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and sentences that are off the topic.
electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance
Paragraph 1
for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that
Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. Ordinary people are no longer
the colour green is calming. Green was a sacred colour to the Egyptians, representing the hope and
content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Florida. More
joy of spring. It is also a sacred colour to Moslems. Many mosques and religious temples throughout
and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down wild rivers, hiking through
the world use green (the colour of renewal and growth) and blue (the colour of heaven) to balance
steamy rainforests, climbing the world’s highest mountains, or crossing slippery glaciers. People of
heavenly peace with spiritual growth. To sum up, colour influences us in many ways.
all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations.
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
Effects of Colour
Daredevil sports are also becoming popular. Young people especially are increasingly willing
Colours create biological reactions in our bodies.These reactions, in turn, can change our behaviour.
to risk life and limb while mountain biking, backcountry snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding.
In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable
Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular. One of the
decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing
riskiest new sports is skysurfing, in which people jump out of airplanes with boards attached to their
short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent,
feet. Skysurfing rivals skydiving and bungee jumping for the amount of thrills and risk.
and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more
endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have
shown that the colour green is calming. After London’s Blackfriars Bridge was painted green, the
B. COHERENCE & COHESION
number of suicides decreased by 34 percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that
colour affects not only our moods but our behaviour as well. Another element of a good paragraph is coherence. The Latin verb cohere means “hold together.”
For coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together; that is, the movement from one
Paragraph 3 sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence
Effects of Colour should flow smoothly into the next one.
Colours create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our
behaviour. In one study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their COHESIVE DEVICES
muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased There are four ways to achieve coherence:
by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when 1. Repeat key nouns
exposed to blue light. Blue is not a good colour for dinnerware, however. Food looks less appetising 2. Use transition signals to link ideas
when it is served on blue plates, perhaps because very few foods in nature are of that colour. Other 3. Arrange your ideas in logical order
studies have shown that the colour green is calming. After London’s Blackfriars Bridge was painted 4. Use theme-rheme
green, the number of suicides from it decreased by 34 percent. It is clear that colour affects not just
our moods, but our behaviour as well. I. Repeat key nouns
The easiest way to achieve coherence is to repeat key nouns frequently in your paragraph. You
2.2. Exercise 2
can repeat key nouns by
Both of the following paragraphs break the rule of unity because they contain one or more sentences - Reusing the key noun itself
that are off topic. - Using pronouns (it/they)
- Using synonyms spite of) can serve as transition signals.

● In the topic sentence of the following paragraph: Transition signals are like traffic signs; they tell your reader when to go forward, turn around,
STEP 1: underline the key nouns that name the topic
slow down, and stop. In other words, they tell your reader when you are giving a similar idea (similar-
STEP 2: circle:
(a) repetitions of the key nouns, ly, and, in addition), an opposite idea (on the other hand, but, in contrast), an example (for example),
(b) pronouns that refer to them, a result (therefore, as a result), or a conclusion (in conclusion).
(c) synonyms that are substitutes for them.
Transition signals give a paragraph coherence because they guide your reader from one idea
to the next.
Tourism increasing community support for conservation
● Compare paragraphs 1 and 2 that follow. Which paragraph contains transition signals and is
Over the last decade, nature-based tourism has become increasingly popular. In total, wildlife
more coherent? Circle all the transition signals you can identify.
tourism now supports nearly 22 million jobs around the world and contributes more than $120 billion
to global GDP. Paragraph 1
One difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different
This growing interest in wildlife tourism, and the economic benefits that come along with it, can
climate zones. The Baltic Sea in northern Europe is only one-fourth as salty as the Red Sea in the Middle
change community attitudes towards conservation. Without tourism, local communities may merely
East. There are reasons for this. In warm climates, water evaporates rapidly. The concentration
view wild animals as a danger to their farms and families, and only value natural resources for
of salt is greater. The surrounding land is dry and does not contribute much freshwater to dilute the
consumption. But when animals and natural areas bring tourism dollars and jobs to their community,
salty seawater. In cold climate zones, water evaporates slowly. The runoff created by melting snow
it can help residents see the importance of keeping their natural assets intact and healthy.
adds a considerable amount of freshwater to dilute the saline seawater.
In Cambodia, for instance, ecotourism is motivating communities to conserve critically endangered
bird species, such as the giant ibis and white-shouldered ibis. Thousands of tourists come from Paragraph 2
across the world to see these rare and iconic species. The birding operator Sam Veasna One difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different climate
Conservation Tours incentivizes community-based conservation in the region by training and zones. For example, the Baltic Sea in northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline as the Red Sea
employing locals as guides and ecotourism providers, and requiring visitors to donate to village in the Middle East. There are two reasons for this. First of all, in warm climate zones, water
development projects. In return for this income and employment, community members agree to evaporates rapidly; therefore, the concentration of salt is greater. Second, the surrounding land
not hunt or cut down trees. To date, Sam Veasna’s visitors have contributed over $500,000 to local is dry; consequently, it does not contribute much freshwater to dilute the salty seawater. In cold
communities, making a strong case for the importance of protecting their unique birdlife.
climate zones, on the other hand, water evaporates slowly. Furthermore, the runoff created by
melting snow adds a considerable amount of freshwater to dilute the saline seawater.
II. Use transition signals
Transition signals are expressions such as first, finally, and however, or phrases such as in
→ Paragraph … is more coherent because it contains transition signals. Each transition signal has
conclusion, on the other hand, and as a result. Other kinds of words such as subordinators (when,
a special meaning; each shows how the following sentence relates to the preceding one
although), coordinators (and, but), adjectives (another, additional), and prepositions (because of, in
● Match the transition signals below with its function

Meaning/ function Transition words/ phrases
First of all | Second | Two | For example | Therefore| On the other hand | Furthermore | consequently
To introduce an additional idea
Transition signals Function
To introduce an opposite idea or

tells you that an example of the preceding idea is coming. contrast
tells you to look for two different reasons. To introduce a choice or alternative
tells you that this is the first reason. To introduce a restatement of

explanation
indicate that additional ideas are coming.

To list in order
indicate that the second statement is a result of the To introduce an example

first statement.
To introduce a conclusion or
tells you that an opposite idea is coming summary
● Put the transition signals below into the correct category of purpose To to introduce a result
In addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, too, and

NOTICE: Don’t Overuse Transition Signals!
Another + noun, an additional + noun
Read your paragraph aloud and pay attention to your own language. Are you using too many tran-
On the other hand, In contrast, however, nevertheless, instead, still, nonetheless
sition signals? Too many can be distracting rather than helpful. There is no rule about how many to
Although/ though/ even though/ whereas/ while + clause
use in one paragraph. Use them only when they will help your reader follow your ideas.
In spite of + noun
Despite + noun III. Logical order
But, yet, or + clause
Otherwise, Or, if, unless
First, second, third, next, last, finally
The first/ second/third/last + noun
In fact, Indeed, That is
Clearly, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary
Accordingly, as a result, as a consequence
Therefore, consequently, hence, thus, so
4.1 - DEVELOP COHERENCE & COHESION 4.2 - MISTAKE SYSTEM
Another way to achieve coherence is to arrange your sentences in some kind of logical order. 4.2 - MISTAKE SYSTEM
You have learnt to create a logical chain of ideas in Unit 3.
Y our choice of one kind of logical order over another will, of course, depend on your topic and Making mistakes is a part of the learning process. The more important part is when learners
your purpose. Some common kinds of logical order in English are chronological order, logical divi- perceive the mistake and correct it themselves. For this reason, teachers should not correct the
sion of ideas, and comparison/contrast. mistakes for students, which makes them passive learners, but give indirect feedback on students’
- Chronological order is order by time-a sequence of events or steps in a process.
essays, which means calling out the type of mistake. This would let learners think about how to
- In logical division of ideas, a topic is divided into parts, and each part is discussed separately.
correct the mistakes, hence prompt deeper cognitive processing and learning. It may also help
- In a comparison/contrast paragraph, the similarities and/or differences between two or more
items are discussed. reinforce grammatical knowledge and encourage autonomous learning behaviour.
IV. Use theme-rheme The purpose of this unit is to introduce a notation of students’ mistakes in writing, which will
be used by teachers when commenting on students’ work. The common mistakes are classified into
‘Theme’ means the part of a sentence or clause that contains information that is not new to
four categories in accordance with the four criteria used in marking essays.
the reader or audience.
‘Rheme’ means the part of a sentence or clause that adds new information to what the reader A. GRAMMATICAL MISTAKES
or audience already knows.
No. Type of mistake Explanation
As stated at the beginning of this Unit, there must be no sudden jumps from a sentence to the
next one to maintain coherence. To achieve this, the following sentence should begin with a ‘theme’ 1 Verb form the verb (phrase) is not following the correct formula of any tense
which provides previously presented information, and ends with a ‘rheme’ which provides new 2 Tense the sentence is not using the correct tense
information for readers.
3 S-V agreement the subject and the verb are incompatible
• Read the two examples below and decide which one uses the theme-rheme rule, which one
4 Prep. wrong preposition
doesn’t.
5 Art. wrong article (a/an/the)
Example 1: Travellers can gain many benefits from travelling. One of them is widening knowledge.
6 CS/CP/U? wrong use of Countable Singular/ Countable Plural/ Uncountable nouns
Example 2: Travellers can gain many benefits from travelling. Widening knowledge is one of them.
→ You’ll see that in Example… there’s a sudden jump from the first to the second sentence, 7 Word form wrong word form (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb)
making the transition less smooth even though readers would still understand the relationship incomplete sentences (lack Subject/ Predicate; lack a subordinate/main
8 Fragment
between the two sentences. clause)
Issues with Relative Clause (lack a comma/ wrong use of relative

9 RC
pronouns such as ‘who, which, where, when, that’)
4.2 - MISTAKE SYSTEM 4.2 - MISTAKE SYSTEM
● Identify the type of mistakes in the sentences below, then correct them B. LEXICAL MISTAKES
Sentence Type of mistake Correction
1. The air pollution issue is becoming
1 Wrong Subject Identify the wrong Subject in Task 1
more serious. Because of the increasing
population. 2 Spelling Misspell the words
2. Although she is rich. She is tight-fisted. 3 Tone Inappropriate tone for the context/ situation
4 Informal Use informal language features as listed in Unit 3.2

3. There are many species, that have
become extinct which is an alarming 5 Repetition Word or idea repetition
situation. 6 Word Choice Inappropriate word use or wrong collocation
4. There are many species have become
7 Nonsense Use words that do not exist in English
extinct which is an alarming situation.
● Identify the type of mistakes in the sentences below, then correct them
5. There were three boy in the class.
6. I studying at Hanoi University. 1. The importantness of environment

7. He was drove to school. conservation is undeniable.
8. There was a sharply decrease in the 2. The data of Hanoi increased to 100
amount of traffic. in 2010. Then it increased again by 20
in 2011.
9. The government needs to take actions

3. Students leaving their hometown for
both solve the problem and improve the
university can get the chance to try out
situation.
the hustle and bustle of city life.
10. Sun is biggest star in solar system. 4. The number of employment of

Thailand decreased significantly.
11. I don’t go to school yesterday.
12. Recently I attend a new class. 5. What is happening in the education
system of Vietnam is catastrophic.
13. He don’t know anything about maths.

6. The goverment needs to conserve
14. The number of men are smaller.
the enviroment at all costs.
15. The increase of the number of 7. The overcrowded usage of cars has
students is substantial. polluted the cities severely.
C. COHERENCE & COHESION ISSUES
3. Cycling is beneficial for human’s

health. This is because people
Using inappropriate transition signals become stronger if they cycle.
1 Linker
Using ‘and, but, so, or’ at the beginning of the sentence
2 Lack coherence The sentence has little or no relevance with the previous sentence
4. Due to the destruction of natural
3 Solution Mis-match The solutions are incompatible with the reasons listed
habitats, many animal species are
Lacking a topic sentence or the first sentence is inappropriate to be the dying out. Therefore, we need to stop
4 Topic sentence
topic sentence littering the trash on the streets to
protect the environment and hence
5 Run-on sentence A long sentence with more than two independent clauses the wild animals.
6 Paragraph Dividing and grouping information into paragraphs in an illogical way
Many sentences discuss the same idea, there’s no development (new

7 Lack Progression 5. He is one of the most handsome
supporting idea) for the argument
men in the school. On the other
hand, he has luxurious properties
● Identify the type of mistakes in the sentences below, then correct them inherited from his parents.
6. Firstly, cycling can help people

1. Human activities are the main
improve their health. Secondly, bikes
reasons for environmental pollution.
will not produce any greenhouse
Some people love smoking. The
emissions which pollute the
smoke from cigarettes contributes to
environment. Finally, using bicycles
the air pollution.
would reduce traffic jams.
2. The government has to introduce

new laws to restrict the carbon
7. (Task 1) Considering the first 10
footprint of companies, factories have
years, ...
to filter the smoke before releasing
Moving to beef and chicken
it into the atmosphere, and citizens
consumption, ...
have to save energy.
D. TASK RESPONSE ISSUES 4.3 - SPEAKING

A. SPEAKING PART 1
1 Off-topic The sentence is irrelevant to the task 1. Do you like travelling?
2. What do you do on holidays?
2 Inadequate answer The essay has not answered one of the questions of the task
3. Who do you often spend holidays with?
4. How much travelling have you done?
3 Lack explanation The idea lacks explanation
5. What kind of places have you visited in your life?
6. When you visit new places, what do you like to do?
The idea lacks examples, which makes it uneasy for readers to
4 Lack example 7. Do you prefer travelling alone or in a group?
fully understand the idea
8. In which seasons do you prefer to travel?
5 Lack end-effect The cause-effect chain has not been developed until the end 9. What is the best season to travel in your country?
10. Would you say your country is a good place for travellers to visit?
The reasons or examples are irrelevant to the idea or cannot 11. Are there many tourists visiting your country?
6 Mis-match
exemplify the argument 12. Where would you recommend a foreigner to visit in your country?
13. What places would you like to visit in the future?
7 DoC The Degree of Certainty is inappropriate (too high or too low) 14. Do you think your hometown is a good place for a holiday?
The opinion is inconsistent (e.g.: agree in the introduction but B. SPEAKING PART 2
8 Inconsistent
disagree in the conclusion)
1. Describe a memorable trip in your life.
9 New idea Introducing a new idea in the conclusion You should say:
● Where you went
● Why you went on that trip
NOTICE ● What happened in that trip

And explain why it was memorable.
These issues lie in the content of the essay and are not easy to be recognised, unlike lexical or
grammatical mistakes. Use this table as a checklist after you have finished writing. When proofread- 2. Describe a place that you would want to visit in the future.
ing, ask yourself after every sentence: You should say:
● Where you would go
- Is this sentence related to the task? Is it helping to answer the questions of the task?
● Who you would go with
- Is this sentence necessary? Is it OK to omit it? Does that affect the content of the essay?
● What you would do there
- Has this statement been explained and exemplified adequately? And why you want to go there.
- Is the Degree of Certainty too high?

C. SPEAKING PART 3
- …
1. Do you think the tourist industry is very important?
2. What do you think has led to the growth in the tourism industry?
11 picturesque
3. What benefits does tourism bring to society?
4. Are there any problems caused by tourism? How to address these problems? 12 passport control
5. How to balance the economic benefits of tourism with the environmental damage that is
done by tourism? 13 check-in desk
6. What effects do you think international travel has on the different countries involved?
14 departure lounge
7. How has international travel changed in the past 20 or 30 years?
8. Can you suggest some things that people should and should not do when they travel to a 15 go sightseeing
foreign country as tourists?
9. How do people choose their destination? 16 tourist trap
10. Do you think the media has much effect on tourism?
11. Some think it’s not necessary to go to tourist places now that we can see these places on 17 hotspot
the internet. Do you agree?
18 vibrant
D. TOPIC-RELATED VOCABULARY
19 unspoiled
No. Vocabulary for Meaning Example

20 roam
tourism
21 every nook and cranny

1 (to) go on a package
holiday 22 bed and breakfast (B
and B)
2 (to) have breath-taking
view 23 bucket list
3 wildlife safari 24 holidaymaker/

vacationer
4 self-catering
25 itinerary
5 to get away from it all
26 journey
6 recharge your
batteries 27 the holiday of a lifetime
7 far-off 28 stunning landscape
8 holiday destination 29 take a stroll
9 hordes of tourists 30 scenic
10 local crafts
UNIT 5 - TRANSPORTATION (1) UNIT 5 - TRANSPORTATION (1)
UNIT 5 - TRANSPORTATION (1)

5.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 3. In a number of
A. TASK ANALYSIS countries, some people

think it is necessary to
• Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the tasks spend large sums of
below. Then write a brief outline for each of them. money on constructing
Recall: new railway lines for
There are five types of task, they are: very fast trains between
1. ……………………………………………. cities. Others believe
2. ……………………………………………. that the money should
3. ……………………………………………. be spent on improving
4. ……………………………………………. existing public transport.
5. ……………………………………………. Discuss both views and
There are three brainstorm approaches, they are: give your opinion.
1. …………………………………………….
2. …………………………………………….
3. …………………………………………….
4. Governments should
Task Type of task Brainstorm Brief outline spend more money on

approach railways rather than
roads. To what extent do
1. Cycling is more you agree or disagree?
environmentally friendly
than other forms of
transport. Why is this
not popular in many
5. Some people believe
places? How can its
the government should
popularity be increased?
spend money on building
train & subway lines to
2. Fewer and fewer reduce traffic congestion.
people walk on a daily Others think that building
basis. What are the more and wider roads is
reasons and how to the better way to reduce
encourage them to spend traffic congestion.
their time walking? Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
B. TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE ● Third, fill in the blanks with the according aspect of a means of transport
When you say that:

I. APPLYING SPECIFY APPROACH 1
- Something is fast or slow, it means you care about the …………………….… of the vehicle
For the topic Transportation, most of the tasks would implicitly or explicitly require the - Something is big or small, how many people it can carry, it means you care about the
comparisons of a form of transport with another (or others). To have sufficient knowledge about …………………….… of the vehicle
transportation and hence to deal with tasks of this topic, we would create a table of knowledge - Something is costly or economical to use, it means you care about the …………………… of
comparing different modes of transport from different aspects, using the brainstorm approach the vehicle.
‘Specify’. - Something is time-saving or time-consuming, it means you care about the ……………… of
● First, let’s list out all types of transport that you can think of the vehicle.
- Something is good or bad for your health, it means you care about the ………………… of the
1. …………………………………………….
vehicle.
2. …………………………………………….
- Something is public or private, it means you care about the ……………......… of the vehicle.
3. …………………………………………….
- Something is convenient or inconvenient, it means you care about the …………………… of
4. …………………………………………….
the vehicle.
5. …………………………………………….
- Something is safe or dangerous to use, it means you care about the …………………….… of
6. …………………………………………….
the vehicle.
7. …………………………………………….
- Something is eco-friendly or not, it means you care about the …………………….… of the
vehicle.
● Second, let’s specify the aspects that you care about when choosing a type of transport.
(add more to this list if you have more ideas)
Write your answer in this table.
● Forth, fill in the table below to have a big picture about the pros and cons of each kind of
When you need to You would choose… because…
transport (here we only compare the common ones)
You would not choose… because …
Aspect Go on Bicycle Motorbike Private Bus/train Airplane

foot Car
Go to school/work
Speed-time
Capacity
Go shopping
Cost
Privacy
Go camping with your family
Safety
Convenience
Go travelling to a far-flung destination
Pollution contribution
Health impact
Go abroad
II. APPLYING SPECIFY APPROACH 2 ● Now let’s create a table to compare the two initiatives of each task
Whenever there are comparisons, think about ‘Specify approach’ and create a table of comparison, Task No.3
which has the first row listing all the options and the first column listing all the aspects to compare
Aspect Constructing new railway lines for Improving existing public
them (as in the table above). very fast trains between cities transport
You can see that tasks from no.3 to no.5 require the comparisons of two initiatives to solve traffic Money
issues. When putting two solutions on a scale, there are at least three aspects to compare:
- The amount of money needed to implement that solution
- The amount of time needed to finish that solution Time
- The effectiveness of that solution, whether it would be able to solve the issues
Effectiveness
3. In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on
on traffic issues
constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe that the money
should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Task No. 4
Aspect Spend more money on railways Spend more money on roads

4. Governments should spend more money on railways rather than roads. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? Money
5. Some people believe the government should spend money on building train & subway lines
Time
to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to
reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Effectiveness
on traffic issues
5.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1
Task No. 5 5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1
Aspect Building train & subway lines to Building more and wider roads
reduce traffic congestion to reduce traffic congestion
A. REVIEW
I. VOCABULARY
Money What are the four main components of a Task 1 essay for map?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
Time ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
1.1. Nouns and adjectives for facilities/ amenities/ infrastructure/…
Adjective General areas General Features Natural Features

Effectiveness on
traffic issues agricultural region construction lake
recreational zone services forest
residential site facilities mountain

NOTICE: Only answer what the task asks!
commercial area amenities river
retail part vacant land pasture

In task No.3 and No.4, you can compare the two initiatives on three aspects: money, time and
industrial section infrastructure stream
effectiveness as the task asks you a rather general question: which initiative would you choose?
manufacturing place road swamp
rural location way sea

However, task No.5 only asks you to compare the two initiatives on one aspect: the effectiveness
urban destination street highland
of them on reducing traffic congestions. Therefore, you should not talk about the amount of time or
money needed for each initiative, or else your essay can be off-topic. car parking lane lowland
mountainous alley
coastal footpath
pavement
footbridge
road bridge
railway line
corridor
5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1 5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1
1.2. Verbs phrases or noun phrases for changes

to lie to reach
to change the to change sth to make sth
to build sth new size into sth different disappear to site to pass
to build to enlarge to alter to destroy to install to connect
to construct to expand to replace to demolish to lay to cross
to develop to widen to relocate to erase to zone to link
to erect to extend to change to knock down to border on
to set up to broaden to convert to flatten to surround
to establish to lengthen to turn into to remove

1.3. Words and phrases for direction, position and location
to form to swell to renovate to eliminate
between next to at the back at the front
to frame to grow (in size) to reform to clear
among adjacent to behind in front of
to found to dwindle to transform
in the middle in close proximity to below opposite
to raise to shrink to modernise
in the centre in the corner under on the other side of
to put up to contract to refurbish
to rebuild
to reconstruct …northwest…. …the north…. …the northeast…..
to redevelop
to place to talk about roads/ streets/ ways
to situate to run through …the west/ …the east/

the left(-hand side)…. the right(-hand side)…..
to locate to lead off
to put to lead to
to arrange to give/permit/ provide access to
to establish to be accessible by
…the southwest…. …the south….. …the southeast…..
to plant to access
5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1 5.2 - REVIEW WRITING TASK 1
II. CONTENT
2.1. What to describe
- If the map is an outdoor area (not the layout of a building), you should describe the feature in
the centre first, then other features around it.
- If the map is an indoor area (normally the layout of a building), you should describe from the
entrance first and then the back of it last.
- The new feature should be described based on the position of the previously mentioned fea-
ture to maintain coherence. This way also makes it easier for readers to envisage the map in
their mind as well.
2.2. How to divide the information
When the task provides two maps or more, there are always two ways to divide the information
for the two body paragraphs. Each way would have certain advantages and disadvantages that you
need to consider. Think about
- Which way would allow you to have more comparisons

1. A is ……next to/ adjacent to………. B. - Which way would make your essay longer or shorter (when there is a lot of information, you
2. D is ……opposite………… E. would definitely want the shorter way and vice versa)
3. H is ……in the bottom-left corner……… of the building. - Which way would allow you to use more advanced vocabulary
4. The open courtyard is ……in the middle/centre………of the building.

B. PRACTICE
5. D is …between…… A and F.
The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is now, and plans for its
6. The reception is …at the front…… of the building.
development.
7. The factory is …at the back…… of the building. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
8. G is…behind……… the reception. comparisons where relevant.
9. There’s a tree ……in front of…… C. Write at least 150 words.
10. D is …to the northwest……… of the open courtyard.
11. The reception is …to the southeast……of the open courtyard.
12. E is …to the north…… of the open courtyard.
13. C is …to the northeast…… of the open courtyard.
5.2 - REVIEW TASK 1 - MAP 6.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
UNIT 6 - TRANSPORTATION (2)

6.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
● Read the sample below and do as the requirements
Task:
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside these
vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
Requirement Sample essay
Introduction
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… - Highlight the sentence With the rapid technological development, driverless vehicles are
………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… that shows the context in becoming a reality, and within a couple of decades, all cars will run
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
one colour. without the intervention of a human driver. I personally believe
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
- Highlight the sentence that driverless cars will bring far more benefits than the possible
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. that shows the purpose drawbacks they have.
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… of the essay in another

…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… colour.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… Body 1 To begin with the drawbacks, driverless cars pose some risks,
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. - Highlight the topic including accidents and casualties, should the technology
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
sentence in one colour. malfunction. Since the vehicles would be run and controlled by
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
- Circle words that software and technology, the risk of devastating accidents due
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… indicate the same to bugs or hacking could not be eliminated. It will make us more
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. meaning susceptible to hackers and software glitches. An accident, in which

………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… a woman died, caused by a driverless car while still in beta mode,
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
caused a great uproar a few years ago. Moreover, not all roads,
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… especially those in poor nations with ditches, holes and insufficient
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. road signals, are suitable for those automated cars to run smoothly.
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
5.2 - REVIEW TASK 1 - MAP 6.2 - SPEAKING
6.2 - SPEAKING
Body 2 However, technology-made mistakes are astronomically
- Highlight the topic fewer than man-made blunders when it comes to road safe-
sentence in one colour ty and casualties, and this is where driverless automobiles A. SPEAKING PART 1
- Circle words that can make a significant improvement. Though we point out a
indicate the same single accident made by a driverless car, human drivers are 1. Should people use more public transport? Why?
meaning responsible for hundreds, if not thousands, of casualties each 2. What kind of public transportation do you usually take?
day all around the world. With the introduction of automated 3. How often do you take buses?
cars, accidents would reduce remarkably, making roads safer 4. Do you prefer public transport or private transport?
for all. On top of that, millions of hours could be saved each day 5. How much time do you spend travelling on a normal day?
since we would no longer need to sit behind the wheel. It will
6. What will become the most popular means of transport in your country?
increase our productivity and boost the national economy.
7. Is a bicycle a good means of transport?
Conclusion In conclusion, driverless vehicles have many great benefits 8. Would you ride bikes to work in the future?
including road safety and economic benefits, and it is expected 9. Do you think that there should be a separate lane for bicycles?
that we could eliminate the software related issues to reap the
maximum benefits of this marvellous technology. B. SPEAKING PART 2
1. Describe a method of transport that you enjoy using.

Source: IELTS Mentor You should say:
● What kind of transport it is
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK ● How often you use it
● Where you travel using it
Note down what you have learnt from the teacher’s feedback on your work and your peers’ work
And explain why you enjoy using it.
as well:
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
2. Describe a time you travelled by public transport.
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
You should say:
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
● What kind of transport it was
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………….
● Where you travelled using it
.……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
● How you felt using it
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
And why you would or would not use it again in the future.
……..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………
…..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………….
C. SPEAKING PART 3
.……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………… 1. How do most people travel long distances in your country?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………… 2. Do you think that transport problems are worse in urban or rural areas?
…..………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………………. 3. Are too many people dependent on cars as a means of transport in your country?
.……………………………..………………………………………………..……………………………..… 4. What causes traffic problems in big cities?
…………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…… 5. What could be done to solve this problem?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………........... 6. What do you think are the benefits of having a good public transportation system in a city?
7. How do you imagine public transport might change in the future?

18 take a short cut to
8. How do you think people will travel in the future?
19 tram
20 coach
21 environmentally - friendly
transportation
1 traffic jams/traffic 22 business trip

congestion
23 driverless car/
2 pick sb up autonomous vehicle/
self-driving car
3 run over
24 (be) bumper to bumper
4 set off
25 heavy traffic
5 carriage
26 to reduce the volume of
6 commute vehicles
7 destination 27 to improve the quality of

infrastructure
8 pedestrian
28 traffic participants
9 passerby
29 rush hours
10 jet lag
30 public transport system
11 (be) within walking/
shouting distance 31 private vehicles
12 a stone’s throw (away/ 32 be degraded

from)
33 potholes
13 off the beaten track
35 lack of maintenance
14 in the middle of
nowhere 36 conduct regular road
maintenance
15 lose your bearings
37 ease the pressure on the
16 make a beeline for roads
17 junction 38 car tax
UNIT 7 - ECONOMY (1) UNIT 7 - ECONOMY (1)
UNIT 7 - ECONOMY (1)

7.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
A. TASK ANALYSIS 3. Some people believe world
poverty can be solved by the

• Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the
tasks below. Then write a brief outline for each of them. governments of rich countries
Task Type Brainstorm Outline giving large amounts of money
of task approach
to the governments of poor
countries. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
1. Many governments think that
economic progress is their most
important goal. Some people,
however,think that other types of
progress are equally important for

4. In spite of the advance made
a country. Discuss both views and
in agriculture, many people
give your own opinion.
around the world still go hungry.
Why is this the case? What can
be done about this problem?
2. Some people say that
economic growth is the only way B. TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE

to end hunger and poverty, while I. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
others say that economic growth

Before answering any of the tasks, you need to have basic knowledge about the economy, how it
is damaging the environment so works and what ‘economic development’ means.
it must be stopped. Discuss both • Work in pairs. Answer the following questions by reading the following paragraphs or looking
views and give your opinion. up information on the internet.
What Is an Economy?
An economy is a complex system of interrelated production, consumption, and exchange activities
that ultimately determines how resources are allocated among all the participants. The production,
consumption, and distribution of goods and services combine to fulfill the needs of those living and another 5.6% of workers, though the sector for these people would be determined by their job.
operating within the economy.
An economy may represent a nation, a region, a single industry, or even a family. Quaternary Sector
Although many economic models divide the economy into only three sectors, others divide it into
Source: Investopedia four or even five. These two sectors are closely linked with the services of the tertiary sector, which
(https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp) is why they can also be grouped into this branch. The fourth sector of the economy, the quaternary
Primary Sector sector, consists of intellectual activities often associated with technological innovation. It is
The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth such as raw sometimes called the knowledge economy.
materials and basic foods. Activities associated with primary economic activity include agriculture Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research,
(both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and education, and information technology. These intellectual services and activities are what drive
quarrying. The packaging and processing of raw materials are also considered to be part of this technological advancement, which can have a huge impact on short- and long-term economic
sector. growth. Roughly 4.1% of U.S. workers are employed in the quaternary sector.
In developed and developing countries, a decreasing proportion of workers is involved in the
primary sector. Only about 1.8% of the U.S. labor force was engaged in primary sector activity as Quinary Sector
of 2018.1 This is a dramatic decrease from 1880 when roughly half of the population worked in the Some economists further narrow the quaternary sector into the quinary sector, which includes
agriculture and mining industries. the highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy. This sector includes top executives
or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and
Secondary Sector the media. It may also include police and fire departments, which are public services as opposed to
The secondary sector of the economy produces finished goods from the raw materials for-profit enterprises.
extracted by the primary economy. All manufacturing, processing, and construction jobs lie within Economists sometimes also include domestic activities (duties performed in the home by a family
this sector. member or dependent) in the quinary sector. These activities, such as child care or
Activities associated with the secondary sector include metalworking and smelting, automobile housekeeping, are typically not measured by monetary amounts but contribute to the economy by
production, textile production, the chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, providing services for free that would otherwise be paid for. An estimated 13.9% of U.S. workers are
energy utilities, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding. In the United States, around quinary sector employees.
12.7% of the working population was engaged in secondary sector activity in 2018. Source: ThoughCo
(https://www.thoughtco.com/sectors-of-the-economy-1435795)
Tertiary Sector Industry
The tertiary sector of the economy is also known as the service industry. This sector sells Industry refers to a specific group of companies that operate in a similar business sphere.
the goods produced by the secondary sector and provides commercial services to both the general Essentially, industries are created by breaking down sectors into more defined groupings.
population and to businesses in all five economic sectors. Therefore, these companies are divided into more specific groups than sectors. Each of the dozen
Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and or so sectors will have a varying number of industries, but it can be in the hundreds.
distribution, restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, health care, and law.
In most developed and developing countries, a growing proportion of workers is devoted to the Sector
tertiary sector. In the United States, about 61.9% of the labor force is tertiary workers.1 The Bureau A sector is one of a few general segments in the economy within which a large group of companies
of Labor Statistics puts nonagriculture self-employed into its own category, and that accounts for can be categorized. An economy can be broken down into about a dozen sectors, which can
70
•
…………………………..… more and more.
1. What are the three main activities of the economy?
3. What’s the difference between sector and industry?

analysis of the economy by looking at each individual sector.
2. Apart from individuals, which entities also participate in the economy?
Fill in the table below about the five main sectors of the economy.
Pasal độc quyền phương pháp giảng dạy IELTS SIMON tại Việt Nam
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
→ Developing the economy means to ……………………………., .……………………………..…, and

describe nearly all of the business activity in that economy. Economists can conduct a deeper
(https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/industrysector.asp)
Source: Investopedia
Five sectors of the economy
Primary Sector Secondary sector (7) ............... (13) .............. (18)..............
Selling the (8)………….. The highest level of

produced by secondary The combination of (19) …………… in an

The extraction and The production of (4)
sector (4)…………....….. which is economy
Essence of harvesting of ……................................
Offering (9) …................ related to (15) ........………
the sector (1)…………........... and from the outcomes of the
………..….................to Also known as (16) Also include
………........................ primary economy

(10)…….…................… ………............… economy (20)……………
and…….......................... activities
Some
industries in (2) ................ (5) ............... (11) ................ (17).................... (21) ......................
this sector
Employment The percentage of The percentage of The percentage of Workers in this sector
Work is not measured
-related workers is (3) ................ workers is (6) ................. workers is (12) …………. account for a small
by (22)…...............…
issues ...................................... ........................................ ....................................... proportion
Impacts on
S6.5/ COURSEBOOK
the …………… …………...... ………….......... …………............ …………..............

environment
71
→ Developing the economy means developing these activities more and more.
II. APPLYING BRAINSTORM APPROACHES
T………
2.1. The role of the economy
To answer the first task, we’ll need to put on the scale the importance of the economy and other
pillars of the society. Which brainstorm approach do you think we need to use in this case?
E…………
1. Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people,
however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.
E…………
Fill in the table below the significance of six pillars of a society and how they ‘interact’ with the
economy
E…………
P………
S………
of these aspects
The impacts of
economy
on these aspects
The importance
The impacts of
these aspects
on the society
in the society
the
7.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE
2.2. Poverty - definition, cause and solution 4. What are the solutions to end poverty according to the above causes? (write in bullet points)
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
For any tasks related to poverty, you first need to know what poverty means, the causes of poverty
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
and available solutions to deal with it. It means you need to specify the concept of ‘poverty’.
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
● Look up information on the internet and answer the following questions
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
1. What is poverty? ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
2. Where does poverty exist? ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
3. Specify the causes of poverty (write in bullet points) ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ● Tips: When searching for information on Google or Youtube, use short specific phrases - from
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… one to five words only!
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… e.g.: poverty/ what is poverty/ poverty definition/ causes of poverty/ solutions for poverty/…
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ● Now that you have general knowledge about poverty, you can write more detailed outlines for
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… the tasks in part A.
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE 7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE
7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE After being P2,....

Before being P2,...
S is + then + P2 after/ before + being P2
A. REVIEW
I. VOCABULARY
Following this step,...
What are the four main components of a Task 1 essay for a life cycle? Steps/stages in the Following this is the + …..
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… middle At the following stage,...
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… Following that
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… This is followed by + Noun
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… …… followed by…..
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… The process continues with...
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… The next step is
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… In the next part
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… Coming to the final stages of the process, ...
Sequencing words Afterwards,...
Ending step/stage Finally,...
First, ... The last/ final process / step is that…
First of all, The process finishes with ...
In the first step, The process concludes with ...
Starting step/stage The first step in the process is
At the first stage of ....
II. CONTENT
To begin with,...
- For diagrams with steps and stages, you just need to divide the process by half for two
At the beginning,...
body paragraphs.
Second,...
- If there are too many small steps/ stages, the essay can be too long if you describe all of
Third,…
them separately → just group several ones in a sentence.
Subsequently,...
- If there are not many steps, the essay can be too short even when you describe each step/
After that,
stage in a separate sentence → describe the appearance of the features (e.g.: colour, size,
After …
quantity,...) in the diagram to lengthen the essay.
Then …
Steps/stages in the Next,...
B. PRACTICE
middle Once...
The next step begins when ... The diagrams below show the life cycle of a lady bird and its anatomy.
The second stage is that… Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
In the next/ subsequent step, comparisons where relevant.
At the subsequent stage of the process,
Write at least 150 words.
7.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LIFE CYCLE 8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES

8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES
A. DETAILED OUTLINE
Reminder before writing detailed outlines for the tasks:

● Circle the word to make correct statements
- For ‘discuss both views’ type of task, you need to consider whether the two views are contra-
dictory or not.
+ If they are contradictory, you can/cannot agree with both
+ If they are not contradictory, you can/cannot agree with both
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + For the view that you agree/disagree, just explain your reason since you are one of
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… the people of that side
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + For the view that you agree/disagree, first explain why some people hold that idea and
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… then give your opinion later.
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… - For the ‘agree or disagree’ type of task, you can:
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + totally agree/disagree → two body paragraphs give two reasons why you agree
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + totally agree/disagree → two body paragraphs give two reasons why you disagree
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + partly agree/disagree → one paragraph gives the reasons why you agree and in which
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… cases the statement is true; the other paragraph shows the cases in which the state-
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… ment may not be true.
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… - For the ‘cause-effect-solution’ type of task, only write what the task asks you to
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + if it asks you about cause and solution → do not write about cause/effect/solution
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + if it asks you about cause and effect → do not write about cause/effect/solution
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… + if it asks you about effect and solution → do not write about cause/effect/solution
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… • Work in pairs, write a detailed outline for each of the following tasks
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… Task Detailed Outline
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
1. Many governments think that economic
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
progress is their most important goal. Some
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
people, however, think that other types of
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
progress are equally important for a country.
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
Discuss both these views and give your own
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
opinion.
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES 8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES
B. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Task:
2. Some people say that economic growth Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people,
is the only way to end hunger and poverty, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.
while others say that economic growth is Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
damaging the environment so it must be
stopped. Discuss both views and give your Requirement Sample essay
opinion.
Introduction
- Highlight the sentence
that shows the context in People have different views about how governments should measure
one colour. their countries’ progress. While economic progress is of course
- Highlight the sentence essential, I agree with those who believe that other measures of
that shows the purpose progress are just as important.
of the essay in another
3. Some people believe world poverty colour.
can be solved by the governments of rich
countries giving large amounts of money to Body 1 There are three key reasons why economic growth is seen as a
the governments of poor countries. To what - Highlight the topic fundamental goal for countries. Firstly, a healthy economy results in
extent do you agree or disagree?
sentence in one colour. job creation, a high level of employment, and better salaries for all
- Circle words that citizens. Secondly, economic progress ensures that more money is
indicate the same available for governments to spend on infrastructure and public
meaning services. For example, a government with higher revenues can invest
in the country’s transport network, its education system and its
hospitals. Finally, a strong economy can help a country’s standing on

4. In spite of the advance made in agriculture,
many people around the world still go hungry. the global stage, in terms of its political influence and trading power.
Why is this the case? What can be done

about this problem?
8.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES 8.2 - TASK 1 - PROCESS
8.2 - WRITING TASK 1- PROCESS

Body 2 However, I would argue that various other forms of progress are just
- Highlight the topic as significant as the economic factors mentioned above. In particular,
A. REVIEW
sentence in one colour we should consider the area of social justice, human rights, equality
What are the four main components of a Task 1 essay for a man-made production?
- Circle words that and democracy itself. For example, the treatment of minority groups
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
indicate the same is often seen as a reflection of the moral standards and level of ………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………...
meaning development of a society. Perhaps another key consideration when ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………...

……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………...
judging the progress of a modern country should be how well that
country protects the natural environment, and whether it is moving This type of diagram also shares the vocabulary for sequencers as the one for life cycle.
towards environmental sustainability. Alternatively, the success of a

B. PRACTICE
nation could be measured by looking at the health, well-being and
happiness of its residents. The diagram below shows the recycling process of aluminium cans.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make com-
parisons where relevant.
Conclusion In conclusion, the economy is obviously a key marker of a country’s Write at least 150 words.
success, but social, environmental and health criteria are equally
significant.
Source: IELTS Simon
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
8.2 - TASK 1 - PROCESS 9.1 - TASK 1 - FULL ESSAY
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… UNIT 9 - ECONOMY (3)

…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. 9.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… • Read the sample below and do as the requirements
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Task:
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
Some people consider price as the most important thing to think about when buying a
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
product (such as cell phone) or service (e.g. medical treatment). Do you agree or disagree?
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………. Requirement Sample essay
.………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………
Introduction It is thought by some people that the price of a product or
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…
- Highlight the sentence that service is essential to consider before deciding to purchase
…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………… shows the context in one colour. something. While I agree that people need to consider
……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
- Highlight the sentence that carefully before spending large amounts of money in order to
…..………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
shows the purpose of the essay avoid debt, the necessity of the purchase must play a role in
………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… in another colour. the decision to buy.
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… Body 1 It is essential that people take time to reflect on how much
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… - Highlight the topic sentence in money they should spend on an item or service, and whether
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
one colour. or not they can actually afford it within their available budget.
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… - Circle words that indicate the Over the last few decades, the rise in personal debt has
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… same meaning escalated as people are tempted to buy goods and services
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
due to pressure from advertising and the increasingly easy
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… access of credit cards. For this reason, any purchase that
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… is costly and is bought using credit ought to be well thought
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
through, particularly when the item is a luxury item that is not
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………… actually essential.
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
9.1 - TASK 1 - FULL ESSAY 9.2 - SPEAKING
9.2 - SPEAKING
Body 2 On the other hand, there are circumstances when the cost of a
A. SPEAKING PART 1
- Highlight the topic sentence in service or item becomes an irrelevant consideration. A typical
one colour example of this would be when someone’s life depends on a 1. How much money is enough?
- Circle words that indicate the product or service, such as a new treatment for a disease not 2. Why do people care so much about money?
same meaning offered through normal channels. In such a case, a person’s 3. Is money important to you?
budget becomes redundant and the expense should not deter 4. What do you usually spend money on?
someone from proceeding with the purchase. However, these 5. What do you do to contribute to the economy?
situations are rare and in most circumstances price ought to 6. If you were a billionaire, what would you do with the money?
be considered so that excessive spending is planned and bud- 7. Do you prefer to save money or spend money and why?
geted to avoid serious debt problems. 8. What do people in your country save money for?
B. SPEAKING PART 2
Conclusion In conclusion, people should deliberate carefully before spend-
ing large sums of money on goods and services, except in Describe your method to save money
cases of dire necessity. You should say
● What the method is
● When you started to use it
Source: IELTS Liz
● How you knew it
And explain why it is helpful
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
Note down what you have learnt from the teacher’s feedback on your work and your peers’ work C. SPEAKING PART 3
as well:
1. In your opinion, why do many people derive pleasure from spending money?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
2. What is the relationship between leisure and the economy?
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
3. Why do many people buy products that they do not actually need and replace old products
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
with new ones when they do not need to?
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………….
4. Earning less money and having more free time is better than having more money and less
.……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
free time. Do you agree?
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
5. Can human beings live without money?
……..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………
6. Who do you think saves more money, men or women?
…..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………….
7. Which do you think is better for the economy of a country or area, people saving money or
.……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…
people spending money?
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
8. Do you think the government should let people know how it spends money?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………………
9. How can (or, how do) young people learn to manage their financial affairs?
…..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………….
10. Do you think it’s easy for young people to save money?
.……………………………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…
11. Do you think parents should give pocket money to their kids?
…………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
12. Do parents in your country think it’s important for their children to save money?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………...........
No. Vocabulary for Meaning Example 13 get into debt
transportation
1 consume 14 must-have products
2 purchase 15 shop till you drop
3 discount 16 impulsive
4 duty-free 17 buy something on

impulse
5 snap up a bargain
18 price tag
6 personal budget
19 shop around
7 financially
independent 20 spending spree
8 window shopping 21 asset
9 be on a small/tight 22 bargain hunting

budget
23 indulge in
10 make (both) ends
meet
24 shopaholic
11 upmarket
25 (to) slash prices
12 big brand names

26 local shops
UNIT 9 - ECONOMY (3) UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1)
9.2 - SPEAKING 10.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1)

27 cost an arm and a 10.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
leg
A. TASK ANALYSIS
28 exorbitant
tasks below. Then write a brief outline for each of them.
29 reasonably-priced
Task Type of task Brainstorm Outline
approach
30 available budget
1. Animal habitats hav

31 be tempted to buy
sth been destroyed, and some
animal species (e.g the
tiger and the rhino) have
32 easy access of
credit card become endangered. Why
does this happen? What
33 costly can be done to protect

endangered animals?
34 a luxury item
35 deter someone from

proceeding with the 2. Recent research has
purchase
confirmed that “human
activity has become the
36 excessive spending greatest threat to plant and
animal life”. Why do you
think this has happened?
37 avoid serious debt
problems How can we reduce our
impact on the natural
world?
38 spend large sums of
money on sth
UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1) UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1)
NOTICE: there are many tasks that look similar as they may have the same theme. However,
pay attention to the anchor points. The focus and scale of each task can be different.
3. Animal species are B. TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE

becoming extinct as a result
For any problem, we first need to specify the causes leading to them, then the effects and according
of human activities on land
solutions.
and in sea. Why has this
● Look up information on the internet and fill in the table below. Fill in the middle column first,
happened? What’s the then the first column, then the last column.
solution?
Causes Environmental problems Solutions

the main environmental
problem of our time is the
loss of particular species of
plants and animals. Others
say that there are more
important environmental
problems. Discuss both
these views and give your
own opinion.

too much attention and too
many resources are given
in the protection of wild
animals and birds. Agree or
disagree?
10.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH 10.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH
10.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH 1.2. Trend
S + experience/ see/ witness/ undergo +

S + verb + adverb
Noun
A. REVIEW
I. VOCABULARY Verb Noun
What are the five main components of a Task 1 essay for a line graph?
To increase an increase
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………… To grow a growth
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… Go up ↗ To rise a rise
1.1. Subject (the slope is below
45 degree) To climb a climb
Each chart/ graph would describe the figures (number) of a certain Subject.
₋ The Subject must be something measurable such as people, meat, electricity, etc. To ascend an ascent
₋ The Subject must start with a word that belong to one of the following categories:
● a quantifier: the number/ the amount/ the quantity/ the percentage/ the proportion/ the To go up
rate/ the level/ the volume... of something

To fall a fall
E.g.: The number of Vietnamese students who studied abroad
The amount of rice that each Vietnamese citizen consume To decrease a decrease
The percentage of electricity produced by coal in Vietnam
● a word related to money: the salary, the income, the wage, the cost, the price, the To descend a descent
expenditure, the expense, the spending...

Go down ↘ To drop a drop
E.g.: The average income of urban citizens in Vietnam (the slope is below
The price of coffee in Vietnam 45 degree) To decline a decline
● a word related to something measurable: the consumption, the production, the usage, the
sales,... → all of which can be turned into a noun phrase starting with a quantifier To reduce a reduction
E.g.: The consumption of electricity of each person in Vietnam

To go down a slowdown
→ the amount of electricity consumed by each person in Vietnam
To diminish
Sometimes the task would tell you the Subject, but sometimes you need to identify the Subject
yourself based on the information given (the unit, the description,...) To fluctuate fluctuations
number (C) rate price Go up and down
amount (U) level (U) revenue To vary variations
continuously ⇝
quantity (C/U) volume (U) profit
percentage (%) sale salary to be erratic peaks and trough
proportion (%) cost wage

ratio fee income
To dip a dip to reach a peak of ...
Recover (down
to recover a recovery to peak at ...
then up)
Highest point
to rebound a rebound to reach/hit a high of...
To surge a surge to hit the highest point at...
To soar a soar to reach/hit a low of...
To rocket a rocket Lowest point to hit the bottom at ...
To skyrocket a skyrocket to hit the lowest point at ...
Go up remarkably to spike a spike the same
⇑
to accelerate an acceleration stable
(the slope is above
45 degree) To lift a lift constant
to maintain +
To leap a leap unchanged
to remain +
To double (x2) a doubling Stable → steady
To triple (x3) a tripling stagnant
To quadruple (x4) a quadrupling consistent
To dive a dive to stabilise at

Go down
To slump a slump to stagnate at
remarkably ⇓
(the slope is above Increase to the
To plummet a plummet to reach a plateau at ...
45 degree) highest point and
To plunge a plunge remain flat ↱ to plateau at ...
to level off at ... + and remain the same until ...

Decrease to the
lowest point and to flatten out at...
remain flat ↳
to bottom out at...
1.3. Adjectives and Adverbs for the degree of changes 1.4. Approximation
Meaning Words/ phrases Example
Adjective Adverb
precisely
dramatic dramatically exact 10,0% = …precisely… 10%
exactly
substantial substantially around 5,86% = …almost/nearly/just below/
sharp sharply (just) about slightly under… 6%
about
considerable considerably roughly
49,5% = …almost/nearly/just below/
approximately slightly under… 50%
significant significantly
Big change nearly
appreciable appreciably 52% = …well over… 50%
almost
remarkable remarkably
a bit smaller than a just/ slightly + under 48% = …well under.… a half
marked markedly round number just/ slightly + below
51% = …somewhat above… a half
wild wildly somewhat/ well + under
steep steeply somewhat/ well + below 18% = …well under
slight slightly just/ slightly + above
21% = ….just over a fifth
marginal marginally a bit bigger than a just/ slightly + over
round number somewhat/ well + above 24% = ….nearly a quarter
mild mildly
somewhat/ well + over 26% = …just above a quarter.
negligible
1/10 (10%) one-tenth /one in ten
Small change unremarkable unremarkably 32% = …almost a third
⅕ (20%) a fifth
inconsiderable inconsiderably
¼ (25%) a quarter 68% = …well over two-thirds
insubstantial insubstantially ⅓ (33,33%) a third
77% = ….well above three-quarters
insignificant insignificantly ½ (50%) (a) half
infinitesimal infinitesimally ⅔ (66,66%) two thirds 73% = …well under three-quarters.
steady steadily ¾ (75%) three quarters

82% = …well over four-fifths
⅘ (80%) four fifths
gradual gradually
1.5. Future prediction
Gradual change progressive progressively
slow slowly Predictions + show/ reveal/ indicate that + Subject
Subject + is projected to + Verb
moderate moderately + will/is going to + Verb
sudden suddenly … is predicted to + Verb Predictions

abrupt abruptly … is expected to + Verb Expectations
Quick change
rapid rapidly … is forecast to + Verb Forecasts
quick quickly … is estimated to + Verb Estimates
… is evaluated to + Verb Evaluations
NOTICE: Adverbs or Adjectives for degree can only go with Verbs and Nouns talking about … is speculated to + Verb Speculations
upward and downward trends in general (the section “Go up” and “Go down” above); and … is anticipated to + Verb Anticipations
they cannot go with Verbs and Nouns showing a strong degree already (the section “Go up … is conjectured to + Verb Conjectures
remarkably” and “Go down remarkably” above) … is likely to + Verb
II. CONTENT
2.1. Overview
- The overview should start with a signpost (in general/ overall/ on the whole/ over the whole
period/ it is clear that)
- There should be a sentence describing the trends of all figures over the whole period AND/
OR a sentence showing which figure is always (or almost always) the biggest or smallest
throughout the period.
- There should be no specific data.
- There should be no subjective opinion (e.g.: it is wonderful/ nice/…).
2.2. Selecting information

……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
The data that must be included in the body paragraphs are:
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
- Data of the first year
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
- Data of a special year in the middle (if any) with a peak/ a low/ a plateau
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
- Data of the last year
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
Comparison can be made in:
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
- Data of the first year
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
- Data of the last year
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
2.3. Grouping information
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
- If there’s a lot of information in the graph (more than 3 lines with many changes and ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
outstanding features of each line) → divide the information by line to shorten the essay …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
(E.g.: if there are 4 lines → Body 1 - line A & line B → Body 2: line C & line D) ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
- If there’s not much information (only 1 or 2 lines with few changes and no outstanding …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
features of each line) → divide the information by time to lengthen the essay ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
(E.g.: if there are 2 lines → Body 1 - line A & line B from the first year to the middle year → ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Body 2: line A & line B from the middle year to the last year) …………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….
.………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………
B. PRACTICE ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
The chart below shows the number of people in Princetown that have recently contacted
………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………
their family or friends.
……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
…..………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
comparisons where relevant.
………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
Write at least 150 words.
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
UNIT 11 - ENVIRONMENT (2)

3. Animal species are becoming extinct

A. DETAILED OUTLINE as a result of human activities on land
and in sea. Why has this happened?
● Work in pairs, write a detailed outline for each of the following tasks
What’s the solution?
Task Detailed Outline
1. Animal habitats have been

destroyed, and some animal species
(e.g the tiger and the rhino) have
4. Some people say that the main
become endangered. Why does this
environmental problem of our time is
happen? What can be done to protect
the loss of particular species of plants
endangered animals?
and animals. Others say that there are
more important environmental
problems. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.
2. Recent research has confirmed that

“human activity has become the
greatest threat to plant and animal life”.
Why do you think this has happened?
How can we reduce our impact on the 5. Some people say that too much at
natural world? tention and too many resources are
given in the protection of wild animals
and birds. Do you agree or disagree?
B. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Body 2 However, others consider that there are more serious
• Read the sample below and do as the requirements
- Highlight the topic sentence environmental issues. One of the reasons is that the
Task:
in one colour extinction of a species can be considered a part of nature.
Some people say that the main environmental problem of our time is the loss of particular species of
plants and animals. Others say that there are more important environmental problems. - Circle words that indicate the For instance, we know that the dinosaurs died out due to
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. same meaning naturally changing weather patterns, and life on our planet
still continues. In addition, man-made problems are

emerging such as Global warming that are so serious they
Introduction While many believe that the extinction of certain species have the potential to wipe out all life on our planet. If the
- Highlight the sentence that is the greatest threat to our environment, others feel that earth continues to experience rising temperatures it will start
shows the context in one there are more pressing environmental issues. This essay to become uninhabitable even for humans.
colour. discusses both perspectives and why I believe that there
- Highlight the sentence that are more critical issues than the loss of species. Conclusion In conclusion, in my opinion both sides of this argument
shows the purpose of the have their merits. However, it seems that man-made global
essay in another colour. warming is the most serious problem because it ultimately
threatens to not only destroy certain species but also

Body 1 There are two main reasons why people might believe that
destroy all life on our planet including humans. Moreover, it
- Highlight the topic sentence the extinction of certain plants and animals is the most
seems that we are not taking enough steps to mitigate this
in one colour. serious issue. The first of these concerns the way that plants
catastrophic problem.
- Circle words that indicate the and species are interrelated and how the loss of one
Source: IELTSanswers.com
same meaning species can lead to the loss of other species. For instance,
if coral dies many of the fish and marine life that feed off it
also die. Moreover, many people note the importance of the
biodiversity of the planet and point out that when a species
dies this is reduced. This biodiversity is important because
we are constantly finding that certain species have
important applications such as in the field of medicine.
11.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH E.g.: A plunge was seen in the price of the stock market in 2022.
6. data + was + P2 + by + Subject + time
E.g.: 600 grams of beef was consumed by each citizen each week in 2022.
A. DIVERSIFY GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES
I. PARAPHRASING TECHNIQUES
B. PRACTICE
There are five paraphrasing techniques you have learnt in the previous course. What are they? Give
The graph below shows information about the total oil consumption of four major
some examples for each.
consumers from 2009 to 2030.
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… Write at least 150 words
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………….....................................
II. DIVERSIFY GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES
Up to now, you have learnt three basic structures for Task 1 about figures. They are:
1. Subject + experience/ see/ witness/ undergo + (a/an) + adj + noun + of + data + time ……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
E.g.: The world population experienced a remarkable growth of 5 billion between 1950 and 2005. ………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
2. Subject + V + adv + by + data + time …………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
E.g.: House prices climbed steeply during the first half of the year by 10 million vnd in August. ……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
3. There + tobe + (a/an) + adj + noun + in + Subject + time ………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
E.g.: There was a steep climb in house prices during the first half of the year before a sharp fall to …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
10 million vnd in August. ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
To have a wide range of grammatical structures in your essay, you can use some other suggested …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
ones below. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
4. The year… + see/ witness/ undergo + (a/an) + adj + noun + in + Subject ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
E.g.: The year 2022 saw a plunge in the price of the stock market. …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
5. (a/an) + adj + noun + tobe + seen/witnessed + in + Subject + time ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
11.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - LINE GRAPH 12.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… UNIT 12 - ENVIRONMENT (3)

………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… 12.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… • Read the sample below and do as the requirements
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Task:
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
There is growing evidence that man-made activities are making global temperatures higher.
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
What are the causes of temperatures rising?
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
How should we deal with this problem?
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Introduction
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… - Highlight the sentence that There are many signs that the activities of mankind are
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… shows the context in one leading to global warming. This essay will discuss the
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
colour. reasons why this problem is occurring, and make some
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
- Highlight the sentence that suggestions about how this issue can be tackled.
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… shows the purpose of the
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… essay in another colour.

………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Body 1 Perhaps the main cause of global warming is that
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. - Highlight the topic sentence populations are rising in almost every country, and this is
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… in one colour. causing trees to be constantly cut-down to provide shelter
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
- Circle words that indicate and also food. Trees are important because they absorb CO2
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
the same meaning and rising levels of CO2 have been linked to higher
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. temperature levels. Another factor that is causing CO2 to rise
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… is the industrialisation of our societies. Today, we have more

…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
and more factories and they are causing high levels of
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
pollution in our atmosphere. Industrialisation is also leading
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… to the burning of fossil fuels to power the factories and this
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… is also another source of carbon emissions. Therefore,
economic activities are another cause of our planet warming.
12.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY 12.2 - SPEAKING
12.2 - SPEAKING
Body 2 Urgent attention is required to deal with the problem of
- Highlight the topic sentence global warming. The main way to tackle this is for forests to
A. SPEAKING PART 1
in one colour be protected and new trees grown. This can be achieved by
- Circle words that indicate the government making laws to protect the remaining forests. 1. Are there any environmental problems in your country?
2. Do you take an interest in nature?
the same meaning Grass root programs could also be started to plant new trees.
3. Do you think pollution is a big problem nowadays?
In addition, the government should create incentives for 4. What do you do to prevent our environment from pollution?
factories to adopt clean energy programs to reduce the 5. Do you or your family take steps to help the environment?
pollution they are emitting. 6. Have you ever participated in any environmental events?
Conclusion In conclusion, the earth’s temperature is rising because of B. SPEAKING PART 2

deforestation and industrialisation. The solutions are to start
1. Describe an environmental problem or event.
preserving our remaining forests, plant new ones and to You should say:
switch to cleaner energy sources. ● What it is
● Where it is happening
Source: IELTSanswers.com
● What problems it cause
And explain why you think this problem is so important to solve.
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
Note down what you have learnt from the teacher’s feedback on your work and your peers’ work 2. Describe a polluted place. You should say:
as well: ● What the place is
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ● What type of pollution it is/ are
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………… ● Cause and effect of pollution
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..………………………… And explain how this pollution can be controlled.
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………….
.……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… 3. Describe an environmental problem that has occurred in your country.
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………… You should say:
……..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………… ● The cause of the problem
…..……………………………..………………………………………………..……………………………. ● What effect it has had on your country
.……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..… ● The steps, if any, that have been taken to solve this
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………… And explain why you think this problem is so important to solve.
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………………
…..………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………………. C. SPEAKING PART 3
.……………………………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…
1. What examples are there of how we damage the natural world?
…………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
2. What causes climate change?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
3. What do you think is the main danger the world faces in terms of the environment?
4. What do you consider to be the world’s worst environmental disaster caused by humans?
5. Why do you think environmental disasters caused by humans happen? 8 toxic gases
6. In which ways do we respond to environmental problems?
7. Do you think there will be more environmental disasters caused by humans in the future?
8. Do you think that the environmental situation will improve in the near future? 9 hazardous chemicals
9. Are there many environmental problems in your country?

10. Are people concerned about environmental problems in your country?
10 reduce your carbon
11. Do you think enough is being done to deal with them?
footprint
12. What can individuals do to help?
13. Do you think older people have as much awareness of environmental problems as the
younger generation? 11 sustainable agriculture
14. Do you believe that climate change is a serious problem?
15. Do you think recycling is important?
12 endangered species
No. Vocabulary for the Meaning Example 13 (be) on the brink/verge

environment of distinction
1 a pressing problem
14 greenhouse effect
2 global warming
15 deforestation
3 natural habitat
16 the burning of fossil
fuels
4 conserve energy
17 extreme weather con-

5 energy-saving ditions
6 emit sth 18 put heavy stress on
7 landfill (site) 19 power plants/power

stations
UNIT 12 - ENVIRONMENT (3) UNIT 13 - HEALTH (1)
UNIT 13 - HEALTH (1)

20 tackle 13.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
21 raise public awareness A. TASK ANALYSIS
22 human activity
approach
23 introduce laws
1. Many health problems in
adults such as obesity and
24 to curb/limit the carbon
heart disease can be linked to
dioxide emissions
poor diet. Research shows that
it is important to encourage
25 to shift towards (using) healthy eating patterns at an
renewable energy early age in order to avoid

ill-health as an adult. What
actions can be taken to
26 the disposal of waste encourage children to eat more
healthily?
27 untreated waste
28 the deterioration of air

quality
2. As a result of electronic
inventions such as the computer
29 the depletion of ozone and television, people do less
layer/natural resources physical activity, and this is

having a negative effect on
their health. To what extent do
30 dispose of waste you agree or disagree?
UNIT 13 - HEALTH (1) UNIT 13 - HEALTH (1)
NOTICE
For the type ‘agree or disagree’, there are some tasks that have two ideas (presented in two
3. These days, too many people clauses or two phrases), which means that you can agree or disagree with both ideas, or only one
maintain their health by relying of them. What matters is that for each idea, you should give your opinion and explain in one
on doctors and medicine, rather paragraph.
than by following a healthy

lifestyle. To what extent do you
B. TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE
agree with this statement? For most tasks of the topic Health, the focus is on health issues resulting from unhealthy lifestyle.
This includes the lack of physical activities and unbalanced diets.
• Fill in the table below the causes, effects and solutions for this issue
Problem Cause Effect Solution
4. Some people say that the

best way to improve public
health is by increasing the
number of sports facilities.
The lack of
Others, however, say that this
physical
would have little effect on public
activities
health and that other measures
are required. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
5. In some countries the

average weight of people is
increasing and their levels of
Unbalanced
health and fitness are
diets
decreasing. What do you think
are the causes of these
problems and what measures
could be taken to solve them?
13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART
13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 2.3. Dividing and Grouping information
a, Dividing information
A. REVIEW
There are two types of pie chart tasks: one is with time change and the other is without time
I. VOCABULARY
change. See the examples below
The vocabulary used for Pie charts is similar to that for Line graphs. However, there is one type of With time change Without time change
verbs that is common for pie charts.
account for
take up
make up ….%
occupy a third
Name of the segment be responsible for a quarter of + Subject
accountable for two-thirds
compose …
constitute
contribute to + Subject
E.g.: Food took up slightly over a quarter of the total family expenditure.
Transport accounted for exactly 10% of the family budget.
II. CONTENT
When the task provides two pie charts or more, there are always two ways to divide the information
2.1. Overview for the two body paragraphs. The table below would use the two examples above to demonstrate.
The overview of a pie chart task should tell which segment(s) is the biggest and/or smallest across
Way to divide the With time change Without time change
all pie charts. information
2.2. Selecting information Divide by pie Body 1: Government expenditure Body 1: Household energy
2010 use
The data of each pie chart should be presented in order:
Body 1: the first pie chart
- Data of the biggest segment → data of the smallest segment
Body 2: Government expenditure Body 2: Household green-
- Data of the segment “other …” should always be placed at the end of the paragraph as it
Body 2: the second pie chart 2015 house gas emissions
indicates all other categories except for those that have been mentioned before.
Divide by segment Body 1: Education + Health + Body 1: heating + water
Pension + Defence (from 2010 to heating + refrigeration (in
Comparison can be made:
Body 1: half of the segments 2015) both pie charts)
- Between the biggest and second biggest segment
- Between the segments that have related meaning
Body 2: the remaining Body 2: Welfare + Interest on Body 2: cooling + lighting
- Between the segments that are (almost) exactly double/ triple/ quadruple/… the other
segments Borrowing + transport + culture and + other appliances (in both
leisure (from 2010 to 2015) pie charts)
13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 13.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART
Each way of dividing information would have certain advantages and disadvantages that you need .………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………
to consider. Think about ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…
- Which way would allow you to use trend expressions …………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
- Which way would allow you to have more interesting comparisons (it can be comparisons …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
within one pie chart or comparisons across many pie charts) ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
- Which way would make your essay longer or shorter (when there is a lot of information, you …..………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
would definitely want the shorter way and vice versa) ………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
b, Grouping information
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
When there are too many figures to report, you should group some similar ones into one sentence, ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
using the structure: …..………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
● The data of A, B and C range from … to … ………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
E.g.:The expenditure for transport, culture and other sectors ranged from 1% to 3% in both years. ……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
B. PRACTICE ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s. …..………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make ………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
comparisons where relevant. ……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………

…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
Write at least 150 words
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………… …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………… …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………. …………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………
UNIT 14 - HEALTH (2)

14.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES 5. In some countries the average weight of
people is increasing and their levels of
health and fitness are decreasing. What do
A. DETAILED OUTLINE
you think are the causes of these problems
• Work in pairs, write a detailed outline for each of the following tasks and what measures could be taken to solve
Task Detailed Outline them?
1. Many health problems in adults such as

obesity and heart disease can be linked to
poor diet. Research shows that it is import
B. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
ant to encourage healthy eating patterns at ● Read the sample below and do as the requirements
an early age in order to avoid ill-health as an
adult. What actions can be taken to encour Task:
age children to eat more healthily?
The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the healthcare system in an effort to
deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem
2. As a result of electronic inventions such
as the computer and television, people do is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum.
less physical activity, and this is having a
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
negative effect on their health. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? Requirement Sample essay
Introduction Owing to the problems which a growing population of overweight

3. These days, too many people maintain
- Highlight the sentence that people cause for the healthcare system, some people think that
their health by relying on doctors and
medicine, rather than by following a healthy shows the context in one the key to solving these issues is to have more sport and exercise
lifestyle. To what extent do you agree with
colour. in schools. In my opinion, I completely agree that this is the best
this statement?
- Highlight the sentence that way to tackle the issue of deteriorating public health in relation to
4. Some people say that the best way to shows the purpose of the es- weight.
improve public health is by increasing the
say in another colour.
number of sports facilities. Others, however,
say that this would have little effect on public
health and that other measures are required.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
14.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - DETAILED OUTLINES 14.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART
14.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART

Body 1 Firstly, dealing with the issues surrounding obesity and weight
- Highlight the topic sentence problems is best solved by taking a long term approach and
PRACTICE
in one colour. introducing more sport and exercise in schools. This method will
The two pie charts below show the daily water intake and output of the human body.
- Circle words that indicate ensure that the next generation will be healthier and will not have Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
the same meaning such health problems. At the moment, the average child in the
West does sport possibly twice a week, which is not enough to
counteract their otherwise sedentary lifestyle. However, by
incorporating more sports classes into the curriculum as well as
encouraging extracurricular sports activities, they will
undoubtedly become fitter and more active.
Body 2 Another point to consider is that having more sports lessons for
- Highlight the topic sentence children in schools will probably result in children developing an
in one colour interest in exercise which might filter through to other members of
- Circle words that indicate their family and have a longer lasting effect. In other words, ……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
the same meaning parents with sporty children are more likely to get involved in sport
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
as a way of encouraging their children. By both parents and ……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
children being involved, it will ensure that children grow up to ………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………

…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
incorporate sport into their daily lives. This is certainly a natural
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
and lasting way to improve public health. …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Conclusion In conclusion, to deal with an increasing population of unfit, over- …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
weight people, changing the lifestyle of the coming generation
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
by introducing sport in schools is the easiest and most effective ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
method to use.
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Source: IELTS Liz ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
14.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - PIE CHART 15.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… UNIT 15 - HEALTH (3)

……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… 15.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… ● Read the sample below and do as the requirements
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Task:
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
In some countries, more and more people are hiring a personal fitness trainer, rather than playing
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
sports or doing exercise classes.
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
What are the reasons for this?
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
Is this a positive or a negative development?
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… Requirement Sample essay
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
Introduction
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
- Highlight the sentence that Engaging a personalised instructor for exercise instead of
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
shows the context in one participating in organised sport or fitness is becoming
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… colour. increasingly common in various nations. This essay will
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… - Highlight the sentence that elaborate on explanations for this phenomenon and why it is
……………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………… shows the purpose of the considered as being more beneficial.
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………… essay in another colour.
……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… Body 1 There are several motives that encourage people to appoint
……………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………… - Highlight the topic sentence an individual exercise coach. The first is that they are
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………. in one colour. reluctant to join group exercise options. To explain, the
.……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… - Circle words that indicate younger generation has mostly pursued sedentary hobbies;
………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………
the same meaning therefore, they have very limited base fitness and struggle
………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
with obesity and lack of coordination which they feel would be
………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……………
exposed in front of their peers. However, a dedicated
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………………… professional to assist them achieve their initial goals is a
……..……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… less intrusive first step. In addition, successful adults try and
…………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… emulate their financial accomplishments in all aspects of
………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………… their life, so do not hesitate to spend elaborately on an expert
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
trainer that allows them to achieve their specific fitness goals.
..……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
15.2 - SPEAKING
Body 2 Due to the resultant time savings and improved outcomes,
- Highlight the topic sentence increasing reliance on personal trainers is a constructive
in one colour progression. In terms of efficiency, contemporary employees A. SPEAKING PART 1
- Circle words that indicate work long, unpredictable hours, so finding time to attend or
1. What do you do to stay healthy?
the same meaning ganised activities is challenging. Furthermore, the scheduled
2. Is it easy to keep fit where you live?
events tend to be more time consuming, whereas a short but
3. What part of your lifestyle would you most like to be healthier?
intensive personalised workout at a convenient location could
4. Are you careful about what you eat?
bear improved results. For example, a group fitness class
5. Do you eat much junk food?
is often an hour long, whereas a targeted training session
6. How important is a healthy lifestyle for you?
might be half that length. In the same vein, paying an
7. Do you have any unhealthy habits?
experienced professional to guide their workout to ensure
8. In your opinion, what is more important, eating healthy food or doing exercises?
goals are achieved while avoiding injury, will add motivation
to an individuals’ fitness journey and improve results.
B. SPEAKING PART 2
Conclusion To conclude, the trend of paying for a personal exercise
1. Describe a time when you were ill.
instructor is a result of people’s lack of self-esteem, as well as
You should say:
their ability to afford to focus on their fitness. This is
● When this was
considered a positive tendency overall as it frees up valuable
● What your symptoms were
time and results in improved outcomes.
● How long the illness lasted
Source: IELTSanswers.com And say how it affected your life at the time
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK 2. Describe your (or your friend’s) illness or injury experience.
You should say:
● What was it
as well:
● When did it happen
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
● How did you (or your friend) handled it
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
And say how do you feel about it now
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………….
3. Describe a healthy lifestyle you know.
.……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
You should say:
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
● What is it
……..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………
● How do you know it
…..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………….
● When do you do it
.……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…
And explain why you think it is healthy
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………………
…..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………….
C. SPEAKING PART 3
8 do wonders for
1. What is the role of the government in promoting healthcare?
2. What more do you think could be done to promote healthy living in your country?
3. How can individuals take more responsibility for their own health?
9 take a toll on
4. What could be done to promote a healthy lifestyle?
5. How can people be encouraged to stay healthy?
6. What is the best way of helping people with an addiction? 10 personalised instructor
7. Do you think people start worrying more about their health as they become older?
D. TOPIC-RELATED VOCABULARY 11 to appoint an individual

exercise coach
health
12 to pursue sedentary
1 be admitted to hospital
hobbies
2 be discharged
13 to have very limited
base fitness
3 to get a splitting
headache 14 to struggle with obesity
4 to have an upset 15 an expert trainer
stomach
16 to avoid injury
5 high blood pressure
17 a constructive
progression
6 side effects
18 an intensive
7 give sb an injection
personalised workout
UNIT 15 - HEALTH (3) UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1)
15.2 - SPEAKING 16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -TASK ANALYSIS
UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1)

19 a fitness class 16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION - TASK ANALYSIS
20 an individuals’ fitness
A. TASK ANALYSIS
journey ● Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the
21 overweight
approach
1. Some experts believe that

22 health issue
it is better for children to begin
learning a foreign language
at primary school rather than
23 deteriorating public
secondary school. Do the
health
advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages?
24 a sedentary lifestyle
2. School should not force

children to learn a foreign
25 extracurricular sports
language. To what extent do
activities
you agree or disagree with
this statement?
26 have a longer lasting

effect 3. Some educationalists
argue that non-exam,
art-based subjects, such as
27 to incorporate sport
music, drama, art and craft,
into one’s daily lives
should be compulsory in the
secondary-school curriculum.
They believe that activities
28 to improve public
such as these can improve
health
overall academic performance.
To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1) UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1)
16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -TASK ANALYSIS 16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -TASK ANALYSIS
4. In many schools and Chemistry

universities, girls tend to
choose arts subjects (eg.
languages) and boys choose
Biology
science subjects (eg.
physics). What do you think
are the reasons? Do you
think that this tendency IT (information &
should be changed? technology)
Geography
5. It is observed that in
many countries, not enough
students are choosing to History
study science subjects.
What are the causes? And
what will be the effects on
Literature
society?
Foreign language
I. SUBJECTS
PE (physical
For any task of the topic Education, no matter which subject is discussed, we first need to specify
education)/ sports
what is taught in that subject, and how beneficial and necessary it is for students to learn.
● Work in pairs, discuss and/or look up information on the internet to fill in the table below
Subject Content of the subject Benefits of learning the subject
Civic education
Maths
Art
Physics
16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -TASK ANALYSIS 16.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - EDUCATION -TASK ANALYSIS
III. STAKEHOLDERS
Music
For any task related to the responsibility of different stakeholders on the education of children, we
need to specify the interactions between children and those stakeholders, and how children are
influenced by people around them.

Craft
• Work in pairs, discuss and/or look up information on the internet to fill in the table below
Stakeholder Activities they do together What children learn from such
activities (knowledge/ skills/ habit)
Drama
II. LEARNERS Teachers
To answer any task related to the suitability of each subject for different learners, we first need to
specify the characteristics of various groups of learners.
Learner Strength Weakness
(ability, characteristics) (inability, characteristics)
Preschool children
(2-5-year-olds)
Parents
Primary school
students
(6-11-year-olds)
Secondary
school students
(12-15-year-olds)
Peers
High school
students
(16-18-year-olds)
University students
(>18-year-olds)
16.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART 16.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART
16.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART explicitly. So you may need to use more vocabulary for ranking and superlatives with bar charts.
A. REVIEW Here are some words and phrases that you may find useful for this type.
I. VOCABULARY & TYPES

to rank + first /second /third /… e.g.: The figure of China ranked first with
Bar charts are actually the same as line graphs and pie charts in essence. They all demonstrate to come in 500 units, followed by that of the USA with
figures but in different shapes and forms. 480 units
What you need to consider before writing a bar chart essay is identify whether there is time to stand at + the first/ second/ third/… place e.g.: The figure of chicken stood at the
change or not. to hold first place, followed by the data of beef (at
If yes - you can use trend expressions (increase, decrease,...) to take the second place)
If no - you can only use comparisons (superlative, comparative,...) to be in
With time change Without time change II. CONTENT

UK telephone calls, by category, 1995 - 2002
2.1. Overview
For the overview of a bar chart task, similar to line graphs and pie charts, you also need to show
the trends (if there are any) and the figures that are (almost) always the biggest/smallest in the
chart.
2.2. Dividing and grouping information
If the bar chart is similar to a line graph task (like picture A), you can divide the information in two
ways as taught in Unit 10 about line graphs.
C If the bar chart is similar to a pie chart task (like picture B - when you add up all the data in the same
A year, it is equal to 100%), you can divide the information in two ways as taught in Unit 13 about pie
Frequency of eating at fast food restaurants Top ten countries for production and charts.
among people in the USA (2003 - 2013) consumption of electricity in 2014
If the bar chart is similar to neither line graphs nor pie charts (like picture C and D), there are two
ways of dividing the information as below:
Way to divide the Without ranking With ranking

information (picture C) (picture D)
Divide by group Body 1: Sydney + Melbourne + Body 1: China + US + Russia +
Body 1: half of the groups Hobart Japan + India
Body 2: the other half of the Body 2: Brisbane + Adelaide Body 2: Canada + France +
groups Brazil + Germany + Korea
B D
The main difference between bar charts and other types is that they show the ranking more
Divide by segment Body 1: fresh coffee + instant Body 1: production (in all coun- …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
Body 1: half of the segments coffee (in all 5 cities) tries) ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Body 2: the other half of the Body 2: cafe (in all 5 cities) Body 2: consumption (in all …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
segments countries) ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
NOTICE …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
Remember not to include all the numbers in the chart! If there are any similar figures, group them ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
up together in one sentence. The requirement of task 1 is to select and report the MAIN FEATURES ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
and make COMPARISONS where relevant only. …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
B. PRACTICE …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
The chart shows British emigration to selected destinations between 2004 and 2007. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
comparisons where relevant. …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..

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A. DETAILED OUTLINE
• Work in pairs, write a detailed outline for each of the following tasks
3. Some educationalists argue that
Task Detailed Outline non-exam, art-based subjects, such as

music, drama, art and craft, should be
compulsory in the secondary-school
curriculum. They believe that activities such
as these can improve overall academic
1. Some experts believe that it is better for
performance. To what extent do you agree or
children to begin learning a foreign language
disagree?
at primary school rather than secondary
school. Do the advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages?
4. In many schools and universities, girls tend

to choose arts subjects (eg. languages) and
2. School should not force children to learn
boys choose science subjects (eg. physics).
a foreign language. To what extent do you
What do you think are the reasons? Do you
agree or disagree with this statement?
think that this tendency should be changed?
Body 1 There are various reasons why people believe that universities
- Highlight the topic sentence should only offer subjects that will be useful in the future. They
in one colour. may assert that university courses like medicine, engineering and
- Circle words that indicate information technology are more likely to be beneficial than
5. It is observed that in many countries, not the same meaning certain art degrees. From a personal perspective, it can be
enough students are choosing to study
argued that these courses provide more job opportunities, career
science subjects. What are the causes? And
what will be the effects on society? progression, better salaries, and therefore an improved quality of
life for students who take them. On the societal level, by forcing
people to choose particular university subjects, governments can
ensure that any knowledge and skill gaps in the economy are
covered. Finally, a focus on technology in higher education could
lead to new inventions, economic growth, and greater future

B. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
prosperity.
Body 2 In spite of these arguments, I believe that university students
Task:
- Highlight the topic sentence should be free to choose their preferred areas of study. In my
Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that
they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related in one colour opinion, society will benefit more if our students are passionate
to science and technology. - Circle words that indicate about what they are learning. Besides, nobody can really predict
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
the same meaning which areas of knowledge will be most useful to society in the
Requirement Sample essay future, and it may be that employers begin to value creative
thinking skills above practical or technical skills. If this were the

Introduction
case, perhaps we would need more students of art, history and
- Highlight the sentence that People have different views about how much choice students
philosophy than of science or technology.
shows the context in one should have with regard to what they can study at university. Conclusion In conclusion, although it might seem sensible for universities to
colour. While some argue that it would be better for students to be forced focus only on the most useful subjects, I personally prefer the
- Highlight the sentence that into certain key subject areas, I believe that everyone should be current system in which people have the right to study whatever
shows the purpose of the able to study the course of their choice. they like.
essay in another colour. Source: IELTS Simon
17.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - BAR CHART ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………

…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
PRACTICE
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
The chart below shows the percentage of population aged 65 and over in three countries in 1980, ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
2000 and predicted percentage in 2030. ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
comparisons where relevant. ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………

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Body 2 Despite the negatives mentioned above, I believe that online university
- Highlight the topic sen- courses are a positive development for various reasons. Firstly, they
tence in one colour allow learners to study in a flexible way, meaning that they can work
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
- Circle words that indi- whenever and wherever is convenient, and they can cover the material
cate the same meaning at their own pace. Secondly, the cost of a university education can be
Task: greatly reduced, while revenues for institutions may increase as more
Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. students can be taught. Finally, online learning offers open access to
Is this a positive or negative development?
anybody who is willing to study, regardless of age, location, ability and
background. For example, my uncle, who is 65 years old, has recently

enrolled on an online MBA course in a different country, which would
Introduction It is true that online courses are becoming a common feature of have been impossible in the days before Internet-based education.
- Highlight the sentence university education. Although there are some drawbacks of
Conclusion In conclusion, while I recognise the possible disadvantages of online
that shows the context Internet-based learning, I would argue that there are far more benefits.
learning, I consider it to be a positive development overall.
in one colour.
Source: IELTS Simon
- Highlight the sentence
that shows the purpose

B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
of the essay in another
colour.
as well:
Body 1 The main drawback of the trend towards online university courses is ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
- Highlight the topic sen- that there is less direct interaction. Students may not have the
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
tence in one colour. opportunity to engage face-to-face with their teachers, and will instead
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
- Circle words that indi- have to rely on written forms of communication. Similarly, students
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
cate the same meaning who study online do not come into direct contact with each other, and ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
this could have a negative impact on peer support, discussion and ………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
exchange of ideas. For example, whereas students on traditional ……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………

…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
courses can attend seminars and even discuss their subjects over
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
coffee after lessons, online learners are restricted to chatting through
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
website forum areas. These learners may also lack the motivation and ………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
element of competition that face-to-face group work brings. ……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
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18.2 - SPEAKING ● When it was

● Why was it hard
● What you were doing at that time
A. SPEAKING PART 1
● How you overcame it
1. Do you work or are you a student? And how you felt after all.
2. Are you a full-time or part-time student?
3. What subject(s) are you studying? 3. Describe a time during your education that you really enjoyed.
4. Why did you choose that subject? You should say:
5. Which topic/subject do you find the most difficult/interesting? ● When this period was
6. Can you describe yourself as a good student? ● Where you were
7. Do you study English now? ● What you were studying at the time
8. Did/Do you enjoy studying at school? And say why you were so happy.
9. What kind of school did you go to as a child?
10. Did you go to a co-educational school? (opposite to single-sex school) 4. Describe a project that you have made in school with your classmates or friends.
11. What was your favourite subject as a child? You should say:
12. Who was your favourite teacher? ● What was the project?
13. What’s your university/college like? ● What was it about?
14. What do you study/did you study in university? ● What did you have to do
15. What is special about this subject? And how you felt about the project.
16. What do you plan to do when you finish studying?
17. Have you done any research? 5. Talk about a course that you would like to do if you had enough time. You should say:
18. Did you work with a group or by yourself? ● What course is it
19. What problems can you encounter in a group studying? ● What do you think you can learn from it
20. How can they be resolved? ● Do you think this would be easy to learn? Why?
21. Do you enjoy studying alone or with friends? And when do you intend to take it.
B. SPEAKING PART 2 C. SPEAKING PART 3
1. Describe a subject you enjoyed studying at school. 1. How well do you think schools should prepare young people for working life?
You should say: 2. What are some essential qualities every teacher should have?
● When and where you started studying it 3. What are some pros of studying on a distance learning course?
● What lessons were like 4. Does everybody get equal opportunities to study?
● What made the subject different from other subjects 5. Do all children get equal opportunities in education?
And explain why you enjoyed the subject. 6. What is the difference between the role of a teacher and a parent in the education of children?
7. How can we help children realise their talents?
2. Describe a period of time from your studies that was the most difficult for you so far. 8. Does the government provide enough support for education in your view?
You should say: 9. Some people say that your school days are the best days of your life. Do you agree?
10. Do you think school and university prepares young people adequately for real life?
11. Do you agree there is too much pressure on young people at school these days? 10 to lack the motiva-
12. Some people argue that end-of-year exams should be replaced by continuous assessment. tion and
What do you think? element of compe-
13. Have there been significant changes in schooling methods in your country in recent years? tition
14. Do you think schools and universities provide enough career advice to their students?
15. When a company hires a person, do they consider qualifications or experience?
11 material
12 online learning
education
13 to offer open access
1 online university
to sb
courses
14 to learn something
2 university education
by heart
3 Internet-based
15 bookworm
learning
16 teacher’s pet
4 direct interaction
17 to burn the midnight

5 written forms of
oil
communication
18 to pass with flying

6 peer support
colours
7 exchange of ideas
19 to cover a lot of
ground
8 traditional courses
20 to study abroad
9 to attend seminars
UNIT 18 - EDUCATION (3) UNIT 19 - JOBS (1)
UNIT 19 - JOBS (1)

21 to get higher aca- 19.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
demic results
A. TASK ANALYSIS
22 to drop out of
school • Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the
23 to gain international
qualifications Task Type of task Brainstorm Outline
approach
24 to pass/fail the 1. Some suggest that young
exam people should take a job for a

few years between school and
university. Discuss what the
25 to gain in-depth
advantages and disadvantages
knowledge
might be for people who do this.
26 core subjects
2. Many people say that the
only way to guarantee getting a
27 to learn a wide good job is to complete a course
range of skills of university education. Others
claim that it is better to start work
28 to get higher grades after school and gain experience

in the world of work. How far do
you agree or disagree with the
29 to get better
above views?
academic results
3. Graduates who cannot find

30 to learn practical
work in their chosen field should
skills
be advised to do a second
degree, rather than taking a job
that does not interest them. To
what extent do you agree with
this statement?
UNIT 19 - JOBS (1) UNIT 19 - JOBS (1)
• Now write in the first column all the aspects listed above and fill in the two remaining columns
4. Some people decide to start the loss and gain of going to work and going to university with regards to such aspects.
their own business instead of
Aspect Going to work Going to university
working for a company or
organisation. Do the advantages
for people working for their own
business outweigh the
disadvantages?
I. STUDY vs. WORK
To answer any task related to the choice of going to university or going to work, we need to specify
the pros and cons of each decision.
• Think about a list of aspects that you would consider when going to work, choosing a job/ a
company:
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• Now think about a list of aspects that you would consider when going to university, choosing
a school/ a major:
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…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………… Whenever you need to compare two or more things, put them on a scale with shared criteria. To
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
come up with a set of criteria, think about what you would consider when you choose one of the
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………… choices over the others.
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19.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 19.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
II. EMPLOYED vs. SELF-EMPLOYED 19.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
To answer any task related to the choice of working for an organisation or working for yourself
A. REVIEW
(start-up/ self-employed), we need to specify the pros and cons of each decision.
I. VOCABULARY & TYPES
● Work in pairs, discuss and/or look up information on the internet to fill in the table below. You
The vocabulary used for tables is no different from those used for line graphs, bar charts and pie
can make use of the aspects listed above. charts as they are all about figures.
The major difficulty for most students when looking at a table is that there are too many figures and
Aspect Working for an organisation Working for yourself they don’t know which numbers to report. There is also no visualisation of figures to imagine which
one is going up or down, which one is always the biggest or smallest throughout.
Don’t freak out! If there’s no graph or chart, you can draw it yourself!
If you see a table with time change, it is likely to be the same as a line graph. Look at the numbers
and draw some upward and downward arrows accordingly to see the trend.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002
If you see a table with no time change and the unit is percent, add up all the numbers in the same
row or column to see the sum is 100%. If yes, it is likely to be the same as a pie chart.
The percentage use of four different fuel types to generate electricity in five Asian
countries in 2005.
If you see a table with no time change, no sum equal to 100%, it is likely to be the same as a bar
chart.
After filling in the tables above, you should have sufficient knowledge to write detailed outlines and
write full essays for the tasks in section A.
19.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE 19.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE
Percentage participation of women in senior management positions ……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………

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II. CONTENT
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2.1. Overview
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
In the overview for any tasks related to figures, bear in mind two features: …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
- Trend ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
- Biggest/ smallest figures ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
2.2. Dividing and grouping information …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
Depending on the type of the table as you have identified (whether it is similar to a line graph/ pie
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
chart/ bar chart), you can choose the way to divide and group the information appropriately as in
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
previous units.
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B. PRACTICE
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
The chart below shows changes in exporting goods in a country in 2009 and 2010. …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
comparisons where relevant. ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Write at least 150 words ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
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Changes in Exports in a Country in 2009 and 2010 (in billion)
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UNIT 20 - JOBS (2)

Body 2 Though there are undoubtedly positives to all these start-up
- Highlight the topic sen- companies, I think that the overall impact is negative because
tence in one colour it results in many poorly run businesses. For example, in recent
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS - Circle words that indicate years a number of ride-sharing apps including Uber, Grab, Lyft,
the same meaning Be, Go-Viet and countless others have sprung up. The established
companies provide a functioning app with high-quality service to
Task: meet the growing demands of this industry. However, the majority
Nowadays many people choose to be self-employed, rather than to work for a company or organi- of small start-ups find themselves in over their heads with apps
sation. that barely function and driver shortages that specialise in
Why might this be the case? inconveniencing customers. It would be better for the people
What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed? starting these derivative businesses to either work in companies,
gain valuable experience, look for gaps in the market, and then
develop worthy competitors or simply be content to have a good
job in a good company that they do not own.
Introduction An increasing number of people today are opting to start their own
Conclusion In conclusion, I feel that the rising number of new companies has
- Highlight the sentence that companies instead of working for a company mainly because of led to a cult of overconfidence. If more people were satisfied
shows the context in one the increased support for young entrepreneurs. In my opinion, the working for others rather than pursuing unrealisable ambitions, this
colour. main disadvantages of not having an employer are lack of exper- would likely lead to better consumer products across the board as
- Highlight the sentence that tise and its overall effect on businesses. well as increased national economic prosperity.
shows the purpose of the
(Source: How to do IELTS)
essay in another colour.
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
Body 1 The number of self-employed is related to young entrepreneurs
- Highlight the topic and has its origin in widespread angel investment across a variety
as well:
sentence in one colour. of industries. One well-known example of this can be seen on the
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
- Circle words that indicate popular show ‘Shark Tank,’ where a panel of investors and
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
the same meaning executives hear product pitches and compete to purchase stakes ……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
in budding entrepreneurs’ businesses. This show has launched a …..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………….
number of successful products by securing initial funding, which .……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
has led to a trickle down effect from this show: not only has it turned …………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
specific dreams into realities but it also encourages viewers in ……..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………………………
general to be more ambitious and has therefore been one of the …..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………….
.……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…
main catalysts for the frenzy of self-run businesses popping up in
…………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………………
recent years.
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20.2 - SPEAKING C. SPEAKING PART 3

A. SPEAKING PART 1
1. Why do some people decide to set up their own business?
1. Do you work or study? 2. What are some of the dangers involved in starting a business?
2. What are your responsibilities? 4. Which jobs would you say are most respected in your country?
3. Do you enjoy your work? 5. Some people say it’s better to work for yourself than to be employed by a company. What’s
4. Why did you choose to do that type of work (or that job)? your opinion?
5. What do you like/dislike about your job? 6. What changes in employment have there been in recent years in your country?
6. Is there some other kind of work you would rather do? 7. What are some of the important things a candidate should find out before accepting a job?
7. (Possibly) Do you miss being a student? 8. Which do you think is more important, for most people, job satisfaction or a high income?
8. Would you recommend your current job to other people? 9. If people are unhappy with their job do you think they should quit and look for a new job?
9. Did you ever do any jobs that you got paid for when you were a child? 10. Should parents encourage their children to enter the same field that they are in?
10. What are your career plans for the future? 11. What are some ways people can make themselves become more employable?
11. What jobs earn the most money in your country? 12. What are some reasons why people often lose their jobs?
13. Should people who can’t get a job start their own business?
B. SPEAKING PART 2
1. Describe a business you know that you admire.

You should say:
● What this business is
● What the business sells
● How long you have known about the business
job
And say why you like it so much.
1 flexible working
2. Describe your idea of making a good first impression in a job interview.
hours
You should say:
● Why it is important.
2 health and safety
● Is it important to make a good last impression as well
in the workplace
● What ways would you do it in your job interview
And explain how to make a good first impression in a job interview.
3 to take early re-
tirement
3. Describe a big company that you would like to work in.
You should say:
4 a retirement
● What kind of company it is
package
● What the company does
● How you know about this company
5 sick leave
And explain why you are interested in working
6 job satisfaction 19 to do an
internship
7 annual leave
20 a desk job
8 job prospects
21 to have a steady
9 promotion job
opportunities
22 to dismiss
10 to move up the somebody (from
career ladder something)
11 to pursue a 23 to put knowledge

successful career gained into
practice
12 to take a career
break 24 to do a
nine-to-five job
13 to have no career
ambitions 25 temporary work
14 working 26 a dead-end job

environment
27 to be your own
15 supportive work boss
colleagues
28 one of the perks
16 a good team of the job
player
29 be self-employed
17 a heavy workload
30 work productivity
18 labour-intensive
UNIT 21 - CRIME (1) UNIT 21 - CRIME (1)
UNIT 21 - CRIME (1)

21.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 3. Some people believe that
A. TASK ANALYSIS there should be fixed

punishments for each type of
crime. Others, however, argue
that the circumstances of an
individual crime, and the
approach motivation for committing it,
should always be taken into
account when deciding on the
1. Recent figures show an punishment.
increase in violent crime among Discuss both views and give
youngsters under the age of 18. your opinion.
Some psychologists claim the
basic reason for this is that
children these days are not
getting the social and emotional
learning that they need from
parents and teachers. To what
extent do you agree or disagree
4. Prisons are an expensive
with this opinion?
way of making bad people
worse. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
2. In many countries the amount

of crime is increasing. What do
you think are the main causes
of crime? How can we deal with
those causes?
To have a big picture of Crime, we need to specify several concepts around this topic.
• Work in pairs, discuss and/or look up information on the internet to answer the questions
below
1. What is crime?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
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…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………… PUNISHMENT - PURPOSE & EFFECT
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
NOTICE: Some types of punishment may lead to unwanted effects or cannot reach its purpose
2. How many types of crime are there? What are they?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… Type of Punishment Purpose Positive & Negative Effects
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
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CRIME - CAUSE & SOLUTION
Causes Solutions
After gaining more knowledge and vocabulary about this topic through reading authentic materials,
you should be able to generate ideas to answer the tasks in Section A.
21.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………

…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
PRACTICE
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
The table below shows a survey on the preference of different age groups in a European …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
country on different TV programmes in 2012. ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
comparisons where relevant. ………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………

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UNIT 22 - CRIME (2)

Body 2 The alternatives to using reformed criminals to educate
- Highlight the topic sentence in teenagers about crime would be much less effective. One
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS one colour option would be for police officers to visit schools and talk to
- Circle words that indicate the young people. This could be useful in terms of informing teens
same meaning about what happens to lawbreakers when they are caught, but
Task:
Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these young people are often reluctant to take advice from figures
are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime.
of authority. A second option would be for school teachers to
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
speak to their students about crime, but I doubt that students
Requirement Sample essay would see teachers as credible sources of information about
Introduction It is true that ex-prisoners can become normal, productive this topic. Finally, educational films might be informative, but
- Highlight the sentence that members of society. I completely agree with the idea that there would be no opportunity for young people to interact and
shows the context in one colour. allowing such people to speak to teenagers about their ask questions.
- Highlight the sentence that experiences is the best way to discourage them from breaking Conclusion In conclusion, I fully support the view that people who have
shows the purpose of the essay the law. turned their lives around after serving a prison sentence could
in another colour. help to deter teenagers from committing crimes.
Body 1 In my opinion, teenagers are more likely to accept advice Source: IELTS Simon
- Highlight the topic sentence in from someone who can speak from experience. Reformed
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
one colour. offenders can tell young people about how they became
- Circle words that indicate the involved in crime, the dangers of a criminal lifestyle, and what as well:
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
same meaning life in prison is really like. They can also dispel any ideas that
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
teenagers may have about criminals leading glamorous lives. ……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
While adolescents are often indifferent to the guidance given …..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
by older people, I imagine that most of them would be
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
extremely keen to hear the stories of an ex-offender. The vivid ………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
and perhaps shocking nature of these stories is likely to have ……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………

…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
a powerful impact.
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
22.2 - SPEAKING 10. Do you think abortion is a crime?

A. SPEAKING PART 1 11. Do you think policemen should be allowed to carry guns?
12. Do you think prostitution is a crime?
1. Is your country a safe country?
13. Do you think there will be more or less crime in the future?
2. Do you think that people in your country obey the law all the time?
14. Is it ever O.K. to break the law, as long as no one sees it?
3. What do you think the most common crime in your country is?
15. Do you think graffiti is vandalism or art?
4. Are some parts of this city considered more dangerous than others?
5. Are there any places you are afraid to visit because of the high crime rate?
6. Is the place where you are living a safe place?
7. Have you ever witnessed a crime? No. Vocabulary for Meaning Example
8. Are there problems with drugs where you live? crime
9. Is child abuse a problem in your country?
10. Is shoplifting common in your country?
1 to commit a crime
11. What kind of people shoplift and what kinds of things do they steal?
12. Are police officers popular in your country?
13. Do people like being a police officer in your country? 2 to break the law
14. Should police in your country be stricter or less strict?
B. SPEAKING PART 2 3 to reoffend
1. Describe a crime you have witnessed or heard.

You should say: 4 minor crimes
● What it was
● When and where you saw/heard it
● What effects it had on the society 5 crime scene
And give your thoughts on it
6 life imprisonment
C. SPEAKING PART 3
1. What qualities should a police officer have?

2. What is the best way for police to keep neighbourhoods safe? 7 to receive capital
3. Do you think criminals can change? punishment
4. Do you think that young criminals should be sent to prison for serious crimes?
5. What do you think makes people commit acts of violent crime?
8 to be released from
6. Do you think that video games encourage young people to commit crimes?
prison
7. Can you tell if a kid will grow up to be a criminal?
8. Do you believe that public executions would deter crime?
9. Do you know anyone who has been mugged?
9 to pose a serious 21 a prison sentence

threat to society
22 juvenile/ youth crime

10 guilty
23 to be imprisoned
11 a sense of safety
and security
24 be put in jail/ prison
12 ex-prisoners
25 to impose stricter/
more severe punish-
13 to become involved ments on
in crime
26 to equip surveillance
14 a criminal lifestyle equipment
15 to dispel ideas 27 to implement reha-

bilitation program
16 criminals leading
glamorous lives 28 shoplifting
17 adolescents 29 violent attack
18 be indifferent to 30 pickpocketing
19 reformed criminals
20 lawbreaker
UNIT 23 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1) UNIT 23 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1)
UNIT 23 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1)

A. TASK ANALYSIS 3. Information technology is

changing many aspects of
● Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the tasks
our lives and now dominates
below. Then write a brief outline for each of them.
our home, leisure and work
Task Type of task Brainstorm Outline activities. To what extent do
approach
the benefits of information
technology outweigh the
disadvantages?
1. With the development of
technology, children are now
living in a world that is
completely different to what
it was 50 years ago. What
problems does this cause
for society and the family?
4. An increasing number of
people are now using the in-
ternet to meet new people
and socialise. Some people
think this has brought people
closer together while others
2. It is common nowadays for think people are becoming
each member of the family to more isolated. Discuss both
have their own piece of sides and give your opinion.
modern technology. Some
people think this will lead
to a breakdown in family
relationships and communi-
cation. To what extent do you
agree?
● Work in pairs, discuss and/or look up information on the internet to answer the questions below
1. Where does technology exist in our life? List out as many applications of science and
technology as possible (they can be devices, appliances, machines, softwares, mobile apps, etc.)
Home: ................................................................................................................................................. NOTICE: When examining the effects of something, think about different stakeholders, which
............................................................................................................................................................. means people or things that are involved in the subject and affected by the subject.
- On a large scale (the whole society) → stakeholders are SPET
.............................................................................................................................................................
- On a medium scale (a school) → stakeholders are students, teachers, educators, parents,
.............................................................................................................................................................
authorities, etc.
Office: .................................................................................................................................................
- On a small scale (a conversation between 2 people) → stakeholders are the speaker and
............................................................................................................................................................. the listener
.............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................. Sci-Tech applications Positive effects Negative effects

School: ................................................................................................................................................
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Hospital: ..............................................................................................................................................
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Factory: ...............................................................................................................................................
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Recreational areas: ............................................................................................................................
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Other places: ......................................................................................................................................
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● Classify the applications above into categories of the table below. Then discuss in pairs and/or
look up information on the internet about the positive and negative effects of such technological
applications.
23.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - TABLE …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
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PRACTICE
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
The following tables show the average commuting time for employees at five ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
companies and the average number of employee absences at each company per year. …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
comparisons where relevant. …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
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Write at least 150 words ……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
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UNIT 24 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2)

Body 2 On the one hand, these developments can be extremely
24.1 - TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
- Highlight the topic sentence positive. Cooperation between people in different countries was
in one colour much more difficult when communication was limited to written
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
- Circle words that indicate the letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or
same meaning video are almost as good as face-to-face meetings, and many of
Task:
us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a contexts. On the other hand, the availability of new
positive or negative development? communication technologies can also have the result of
isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example,

many young people choose to make friends online rather than
Introduction
mixing with their peers in the real world, and these ‘virtual’
- Highlight the sentence that It is true that new technologies have had an influence on
relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.
shows the context in one communication between people. Technology has affected
colour. relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both Conclusion In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised
- Highlight the sentence that positive and negative effects. communication between people, but not all of the outcomes of
shows the purpose of the this revolution have been positive.
essay in another colour. Source: IELTS Simon
Body 1 Technology has had an impact on relationships in business,

B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
- Highlight the topic sentence education and social life. Firstly, telephones and the Internet
in one colour. allow business people in different countries to interact without as well:
- Circle words that indicate ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
the same meaning new possibilities for relationships between students and
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people ..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
people who share common interests, and they interact through
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
their computers rather than face to face. …..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
24.2 - SPEAKING ● How it is different to other similar technology
A. SPEAKING PART 1 And say whether you think you will still be using it in ten years’ time or not, and why
1. Do you use any gadgets on a daily basis?

C. SPEAKING PART 3
2. How often do you use the Internet?
3. Do you own a computer? If so, how often do you use it and for what purposes? 1. Do you think we need to know much about computers?
4. How much time do you spend using a computer at work or at home? 2. What is the most impactful piece of technology in our lives?
5. Do you enjoy using technology? 3. How computers affect our everyday life?
6. Have you ever bought anything online? 4. How effective is the use of computers in the classroom?
7. Has the Internet made your job/studies easier? 5. Do you think people rely too much on technology today?
8. Do you like working online or in the office? 6. What are some great inventions you know about?
9. Did you learn how to use a computer at school? 7. Do you think that the advance of technology has improved standards of education in
10. Have you ever taken a course to improve your computer skills? schools?
11. Has the internet made your job / studies easier? 8. Nowadays, people are using their smartphones and computers to communicate with each
12. Which device do you prefer to use for browsing the internet? other. Do the advantages overweigh the disadvantages?
9. What modern technological devices are most common in your country?
B. SPEAKING PART 2 10. In what ways has technology changed society?
11. In your opinion, how do technological developments affect work?
1. Describe your favourite gadget. You should say:
12. What are some of the main uses of technology for communication?
● What is it
13. Do you agree that some people use technology for communication too much?
● When did you get it
14. How much has technology improved how we communicate with each other?
● How often do you use it
15. What differences are there between the attitudes of older and younger people to
And say why is it so important to you
technology
for communication?
2. Describe a piece of technology that you find useful.
16. Would you agree that the rapid developm ent of digital technology has had a positive im-
You should say:
pact on the world of work?
● what it is
17. Do you think that the rate of technological expansion will slow down in the years to come?
● what you can do with it
18. What is the best age for children to start computer lessons?
● how often you use it
19. Do you think that schools should use more technology to help children learn?
And explain why you find it so useful
20. Do you agree or disagree that computers will replace teachers one day?
21. Do you agree that there are still many more major technological innovations to be made?
3. Talk about some technology that you have started using fairly recently.
22. Could you suggest some reasons why some people are deciding to reduce their use of
You should say:
technology?
● What it is and what it does
● How it makes life better or easier
No. Vocabulary for science Meaning Example 10 virtual/online meetings
and technology
1 the availability of new 11 the loss of traditional
communication technologies cultures
2 isolate people 12 addicted to something

(social media/the Internet/
computer games)
3 discourage real interaction
13 to keep up to date with

4 a poor substitute for real technology
friendships
14 overdependence on
5 revolutionise communication technology
between people
15 keep (one’s) eyes glued to

6 technological advances (one’s) screens/smartphones
7 technological devices and 16 be engrossed in social

applications media
8 telecommunication services 17 communicate with people

via internet
9 to do multiple tasks all at the

same time 18 sophisticated
19 domestic tasks
UNIT 24 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2) UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1)
UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1)

20 user-friendly 25.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
A. TASK ANALYSIS
21 cybercriminals
● Identify the Type of task, Brainstorm approach and highlight all the anchor points in the
22 to form virtual relationships

approach
23 the information age (or era)

1. Some people think that
buildings such as flats and
24 cutting-edge technology houses should be designed

to last a long time. Others
believe that it is more
25 virtual reality important to provide
accommodation quickly
and cheaply. Discuss both
26 technological innovations
views and give your own
opinion.
27 scientific breakthroughs
28 the advent of sth
2. When designing a
building, the most
29 genetically-modified food
important factor is the
intended use of the
30 mass production building rather than its

outward appearance. To
what extent do you agree
or disagree?
UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1) UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1)
Second, choose one type of accommodation that you would want to buy among the options above:
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…
……………………………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……
………………………..………...............................................………………………………………..……
3. More and more people Third, explain why you choose this one over others (use comparisons, e,g.: it is more affordable,...)
in the city live in homes ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………
with small places or no ……………………..………………………………………………..…………………………….
outdoor area. Do you think .……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………
it is a positive or negative ………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..
development? So you have just listed out many aspects that you would consider when buying an estate!
• Let’s create a table to compare two most common types of accommodation based on the
aspects listed.
Aspects Flat/ apartment Private house
4. Some people think that

it is best to live in a
horizontal city while oth-
ers think of a vertical city.
Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
Architecture is one of many social issues (letter S in SPET) like crime or health. Therefore, we need
to specify the aspects that constitute architecture. Let’s start it simple!
Imagine that you had a certain amount of money, enough to buy an average real estate in your
region.
First, list out all types of accommodation that you can think of:
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
25.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 25.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE
• Let’s create another table to compare vertical cities and horizontal cities based on the as- 25.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE
pects listed.
Aspects Vertical cities Horizontal cities A. TYPES
A mixed task usually consists of two charts/ graphs/ tables. They can share the same or different
units.
For this type,
- In the overview, have a sentence summarise the main features of each chart/graph/table. If
the two parts have something in common, include that in the overview too.
- In the body, just describe each chart/graph/table in one body paragraph.
B. PRACTICE
The diagrams below show the main reasons workers chose to work from home and the
hours males and females worked at home for the year 2019.
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
25.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE 26.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… UNIT 26 - ARCHITECTURE (2)

…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. 26.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - FULL ESSAY
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… • Read the sample below and do as the requirements
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Task:
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
In many cities, many people are living in large apartment blocks. Does this accommodation have
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
more advantages or disadvantages?
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. Introduction An increasing number of people are choosing to live in high rise
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… - Highlight the sentence apartment blocks. In my opinion, although these blocks of flats are
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… that shows the context in often cheaper, they offer cramped living space and can present serious
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… one colour. fire risks.
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… - Highlight the sentence
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. that shows the purpose
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… of the essay in another
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… colour.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… Body 1 One obvious advantage to living in a multi-story apartment block is
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… - Highlight the topic that it offers people affordable accommodation in urban areas. With the
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… sentence in one colour. growth of urban populations, land is becoming increasingly expensive
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… - Circle words that and, as a result, many people are no longer able to afford their own
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… indicate the same house. Large apartment blocks require a small area of land but can
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… meaning provide a lot of flats which enable people on low incomes to continue
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… living near city centres and near their jobs.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… Body 2 However, high rise apartment blocks usually offer small apartments
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… - Highlight the topic sen- with no outdoor areas. For families, this can be a problem as each
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… tence in one colour individual member of the family has little personal space which can
………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… - Circle words that indi- result in a build up of tension as relationships can become strained.
……………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………… cate the same meaning Another problem is that such restricted living quarters offer no space for
………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… exercise which is a vital requirement for healthy living.
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
26.2 - SPEAKING
Body 3 Finally, one of the worst problems of living in a high rise block of flats is
- Highlight the topic sen- the fire risk that it presents. If a fire should break out in one of the flats,
tence in one colour the number of floors in the building means that people can become A. SPEAKING PART 1
- Circle words that indi- easily trapped on the top floors, unable to escape the fire. This was 1. What types of buildings are there in your city?
cate the same meaning unfortunately illustrated by the Grenfell Tower block fire that claimed 71 2. Are historical buildings important?
lives in London in 2017. The speed with which the fire spread through 3. Are there any monuments in your hometown?
the 24 floors, made it impossible for everyone to escape. 4. Do you like to visit historic buildings?
5. What are the landmarks in your hometown?
Conclusion In conclusion, while large blocks of flats may be a cheaper living option, 6. Have you ever visited a famous structure?
they are lower quality accommodation with serious fire risks. 7. Do you prefer old or new buildings?
8. Are historical buildings important?
Source: IELTS Liz
9. Would you like to live in an old building?
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
B. SPEAKING PART 2
Note down what you have learnt from the teacher’s feedback on your work and your peers’ work as
1. Describe a historical building
well:
You should say:
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
● Where it is, what it looks like
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
● What it is used for and explain
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
● Why you like/dislike it.
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
2. Describe a modern building
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
You should say:
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
● Where it is, what it looks like
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
● What it is used for and explain
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
● Why you like/dislike it.
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
3. Describe a style of architecture that you like.
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
You should say:
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
● What style it is
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
● What it looks like
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
● Where you can see it
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
And explain why you like this style.
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
4. Describe a new public building you would like to visit.
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
You should say:
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
● Where it is
● What it is like 4 exorbitant rents
● What you know about it
And explain why you would like to visit it 5 inner city areas
C. SPEAKING PART 3 6 skyscrapers
1. What is the most important for a public building: design, location, or facilities?
2. Do you think the appearance of a building is important? 7 a private house
3. What kinds of people like to visit historic buildings?
4. Do you think it’s worth the money to preserve old buildings? 8 to meet modern
5. How have buildings changed in the past few years? building requirements
6. Are buildings now better than those in the past? Why?

7. Do you think the government should invest money in preserving old buildings? 9 to construct
8. How do the natural conditions and climate of your country affect the design and construction
of buildings? 10 historical architectural
9. How have buildings in your country changed in the last 10 years? styles
10. In what way can globalisation have an effect on local architecture?
11. Do you think it is important to protect and preserve historic buildings? Why? 11 vertical buildings
12. Should modern buildings be designed to be environmentally friendly?
13. How can governments encourage the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings? 12 to be an integral part of
14. Do you think that private companies and organisations ought to be obligated to commission
energy-efficient buildings?
13 traditional architectural
15. What are some of the ways that architecture can save energy and be environmentally styles
friendly in the design of buildings and structures?
16. Do you think the government should provide affordable housing for its citizens?
14 an energy-efficient
home
No. Vocabulary for Meaning Example 15 to mirror past

architectural standards
architecture
1 high-rise buildings 16 high rise apartment

blocks
2 urban dwellers
17 cramped living space
3 mass exodus
UNIT 26 - ARCHITECTURE (2) UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1)
UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1)

18 multi-story apartment 27.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS
block
19 affordable A. TASK ANALYSIS

accommodation
20 to have little personal
space
approach
21 fire risk
22 outdoor areas
1. Although more and more
people read news on the

23 to become easily
trapped Internet, newspapers will
remain the most important

24 lower quality source of news. Do you
accommodation
agree or disagree?
25 the demolition of
historic buildings
26 to prevent historic
buildings from falling
into disrepair 2. In the future, nobody will
buy printed newspapers or

27 to require regular repair books because they will be
and maintenance
able to read everything they
want online without paying. To

28 a modern simple house
what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?

29 fully-furnished
30 (all the) mod cons
UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1) UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1)
3. If you want to update daily news, which channel would you choose? Why?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
3. With the development of the
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
media online, there is no
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
future for the radio. To what
4. If you want to receive official news, which channel would you choose? Why?
extent do you agree?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
5. If you were a driver, which channel would you choose? Why?

4. Many people think that fast ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
food companies should not be ……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
allowed to advertise while …………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
others believe that all ………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
companies should have the 6. Which type of media do you access the most? Why?
right to advertise. What is your ……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
opinion? ……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
7. List out all aspects of media channels that you have considered when choosing one according to
B. TABLE OF KNOWLEDGE the answers above
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
● To compare different forms of media and have general knowledge about this topic, do as the
following requirements ……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
1. What is media?
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………
……………..………………………………………………..……………………………..…………
…………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..……
………………………..……………………………..……………………………..………………… • Let’s create a table to compare common forms of media based on the aspects listed above
2. How many types of media are there? What are they?
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………
………………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………
……………………..……………………………..………………………………………………..…
UNIT 27 - MEDIA (1) UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1)
27.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - TASK ANALYSIS 27.2 - WRITING TASK 1 - MIXED TYPE
27.2 - WRITING TASK 21 - MIXED TYPE
PRACTICE
Radio
The charts below show information about water consumption in Australia in 2004 and how
residential water was consumed in the same year.
Television
Internet (online news-
social networks)
papers,
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
newspapers
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
Printed
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
Aspects
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
UNIT 24 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2) UNIT 28 - MEDIA (2)
24.2 - SPEAKING 28.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - MEDIA - FULL xESSAY
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… UNIT 28 - MEDIA (2)

………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… 28.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - MEDIA - FULL ESSAY
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
A. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…… • Read the sample below and do as the requirements
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Task:
……………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………………
Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had a huge negative
……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
impact on both individuals and society.
………..……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
To what extent do you agree?
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… Requirement Sample essay
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Introduction Social networking sites, for instance Facebook, are thought
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
- Highlight the sentence by some to have had a detrimental effect on individual
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… that shows the context in people as well as society and local communities. However, while I
………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… one colour. believe that such sites are mainly beneficial to the individual, I
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
- Highlight the sentence agree that they have had a damaging effect on local communities.
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… that shows the purpose
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. of the essay in another

………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
colour.
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… Body 1 With regards to individuals, the impact that online social media has had
………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… - Highlight the topic on each individual person has clear advantages. Firstly, people from
…………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………………
sentence in one colour. different countries are brought together through such sites as
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… - Circle words that Facebook whereas before the development of technology and social
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………… indicate the same networking sites, people rarely had the chance to meet or communicate
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
meaning with anyone outside of their immediate circle or community. Secondly,
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
Facebook also has social groups which offer individuals a chance to
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………………… meet and participate in discussions with people who share common
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………… interests.
……………………………..……………………………………………………………..……………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..…………
28.1 - WRITING TASK 2 - MEDIA - FULL xESSAY 28.2 - SPEAKING
28.2 - SPEAKING
Body 2 On the other hand, the effect that Facebook and other social
- Highlight the topic networking sites have had on societies and local communities can only
A. SPEAKING PART 1
sentence in one colour be seen as negative. Rather than individual people taking part in their
1. Do you like watching advertisements on TV?
- Circle words that local community, they are instead choosing to take more interest in
2. Are there many advertisements in your country?
indicate the same people online. Consequently, the people within local communities are
3. Why do you think there are so many advertisements now?
meaning no longer forming close or supportive relationships. Furthermore, 4. What are the various places where we see advertisements?
society as a whole is becoming increasingly disjointed and fragmented 5. How do you feel about advertisements?
6. Do you remember any adverts you saw when you were younger?
as people spend more time online with people they have never met
7. Do you often buy things after seeing an advert?
face to face and who they are unlikely to ever meet in the future. 8. Are there any TV channels in your country that don’t have adverts?
9. Do you enjoy watching adverts on TV?
Conclusion To conclude, although social networking sites have brought individuals
10. Do you like it when celebrities advertise products?
closer together, they have not had the same effect on society or local
11. Are you interested in using social networking sites?
communities. Local communities should do more to try and involve
local people in local activities in order to promote the future of

B. SPEAKING PART 2
community life. 1. Describe an advert you saw recently. You should say:
● What the product/ service was
Source: IELTS Liz
● Where you saw it
● How was the product/ advertised
B. ESSAY FEEDBACK
And how you felt about it
Note down what you have learnt from the teacher’s feedback on your work and your peers’ work as
well: 2. Describe an advert you once saw that was very effective. You should say
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… ● Where this advert appeared
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………… ● When you saw it
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..………………………… ● What it was advertising
…..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………………………… And say why you thought it was so effective.
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………… C. SPEAKING PART 3
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
1. Do you think that advertisements on TV nowadays cause inconvenience for people?
……..……………………………..………………………………………………..…………………………
2. How is advertising different now in relation to the past?
…..……………………………..……………………………..………………………………………………
3. Do you think advertising will change in the future?
..……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..…………………
4. What are the best ways for ordinary people to advertise something they want to sell in your
……………………………..……………………………..……………………………..……………………
country?
………..………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………
5. What is it that makes an advert effective?
6. What are the advantages to companies of advertising on the Internet rather than TV?
7. What things do advertising companies do that might give it a bad name? 11 information
8. Some people think it is unethical to advertise to children. Do you agree? overload
9. Why has the use of social media increased in the past few years?
12 invasion of
privacy
No. Vocabulary for media Meaning Example
13 a slow news day

1 social networking sites
14 be attention-
2 immediate circle
grabbing
3 share common
15 sensational news
interests
16 to stay connected
4 supportive
on social media
relationships
17 to fuel feelings of anx-

5 be disjointed and frag-
iety, depression and
mented
isolation
6 meet face to face

18 social media platforms
7 bring individuals closer

19 a powerful communica-
together
tion tool
8 breaking news
20 to exchange and share
information, thoughts,
9 online news and ideas across
virtual networks
10 a tabloid
UNIT 28 - MEDIA (2)
28.2 - SPEAKING
21 to negatively REFERENCES
affect mental health
1. IELTS Liz. https://ieltsliz.com/

22 to spend too much time
2. IELTS Mentor. https://www.ielts-mentor.com/
browsing social net-
3. IELTS Simon. https://www.ielts-simon.com/
works
4. IELTSanswers.com. https://www.ieltsanswers.com/
5. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/
23 to compulsively check
6. Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2006). Writing academic English. Pearson.
your phone
7. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/
24 to limit the use of social

media
25 the risk of data

breaches
26 to prevent your data

from getting
compromised
27 television commercial
28 celebrity endorsement
29 word-of-mouth
30 product placement
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On behalf of Pasal R&D Team, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to Simon,
Pasal’s exclusive partner in Vietnam, for his IELTS teaching and studying approach that was
applied into editing and publishing this book. Besides, we are also grateful to other experts and
sources that we have consulted. Whereas all attempts are made, it has not been always possible
to cite the sources of every material used in this book, we will be willing to add appropriate
acknowledgements on reprinting and in the following editions.
This is the first edition of the book edited by Pasal R&D Team, hence there can be mistakes
or so. If you have any feedback, please send an email to pasaltraining@gmail.com.
We value your contribution to make the book better. Thank you!
Credits
Credits to Pasal R&D Team
Leader: Vũ Cẩm Vân
Member: Mai Phương Loan
218 Pasal độc quyền phương pháp giảng dạy IELTS SIMON tại Việt Nam

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1 - TOURISM (1) UNIT 15 - HEALTH (3)

UNIT 2 - TOURISM (2) UNIT 16 - EDUCATION (1)

UNIT 3 - TOURISM (3) UNIT 17 - EDUCATION (2)

UNIT 4 - TOURISM (4) UNIT 18 - EDUCATION (3)

UNIT 5 - TRANSPORTATION (1) UNIT 19 - JOBS (1)

UNIT 6 - TRANSPORTATION (2) UNIT 20 - JOBS (2)

UNIT 7 - ECONOMY (1) UNIT 21 - CRIME (1)

UNIT 8 - ECONOMY (2) UNIT 22 - CRIME (2)

UNIT 9 - ECONOMY (3) UNIT 23 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (1)

UNIT 10 - ENVIRONMENT (1) UNIT 24 - SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2)

UNIT 11 - ENVIRONMENT (2) UNIT 25 - ARCHITECTURE (1) A. GRADING CRITERIA ANALYSIS

8 ▪ sufficiently addresses ▪ sequences ▪ uses a wide range of ▪ uses a wide range

may be inadequately referencing clearly or may be repetitive, inaccurate or reader

developed/unclear appropriately irrelevant or not well repetitive

▪ uses paragraphing, supported ▪ may not write in

● What are the differences between band 7.0 and 8.0?

position features essentially no control memorised phrases

task in any way 7. use linking words (cohesive devices) appropriately

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. present a clear position or opinion throughout the essay

Criteria Description ● Paragraph 2: ……………………………..…………………………………………………………

2.2 Main content

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ● Advantages of the subject

● Disadvantages of the subject

Task questions Body paragraphs 3. Practice

2 International travel has many

disadvantages? negative attitudes?

Body 2: 4 Some people say that tourism has

has brought about a number of

III. Task layer analysis Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?

Let’s analyse the three layers of one of the tasks above!

UNIT 2 - TOURISM (2)

SPET stands for:

essay would be off-topic and hence lose marks on Task Response.

“Stakeholder” means a person or company that is involved in a particular organisation,

used to indicate people who are involved in an issue.

than other places in the country. Do you agree or disagree?”

attractions, but not the whole country.

• Think about people or organisation that are impacted by this act

Impact of this act

(Reasons for travelling)

Transportation Accommodation Recreational Tourist attractions

● Organise the given ideas to make a logical chain of ideas

Sample body paragraph Rewritten paragraphs I. As a part of the sentence

makes them get closer to each other and also

II. As a separate sentence

• Complete the sentences below with appropriate examples C. CHOOSING SOLUTIONS

that it is exemplifying. plastic products every day. capacity to carry tourists

Incorrect sentences Rewritten sentences

Tourists can experience many activities such as

use in your academic writing. NATURAL

Children are fond of colourful things like

Very high is (not) certain(ly) all + noun (plural)

High can/cannot probably (is) almost all + noun (plural)

Impersonal Some people say that

Local residents have to put up with There is evidence to

the noise of tourists all day and night. suggest that…

1. Which paragraph has unity?

- Using synonyms spite of) can serve as transition signals.

to global GDP. Paragraph 1

In Cambodia, for instance, ecotourism is motivating communities to conserve critically endangered

● Match the transition signals below with its function

To introduce an opposite idea or