Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Major Divisions and Parts of the Nervous System
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Emily M. Manongsong
Editor: Annalyn M. Macasinag
Reviewers (Content/Language): Rowena T. Tiempo and Crisheila E. Landicho
(Technical): Rowena T. Tiempo
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig

City
 Science 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 7
Major Divisions and Parts of
the Nervous System
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Diluted and Concentrated

Solutions!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on the Major Divisions and

Parts of the Nervous System!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that

you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is created and constructed to enhance one’s knowledge in

nervous system. The module is made to help you enrich learning on the
major divisions and parts of the nervous system. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. The scope of this module focuses
on the two major divisions of the nervous system and each division is consist
of several parts.
The module is about the major divisions and parts of the nervous
system.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the two major divisions of the nervous system;
2. describe each part of the major divisions of the nervous system; and
3. realize the importance of the parts of the nervous system in
maintaining human life.

PRETEST
Read each sentence carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What is a moist and spongy organ of the central nervous system with an
average of three pounds in weight?
A. brain B. neuron C. spinal cord D. thyroid
2. Where is the brain stem located inside the skull? Brain stem is located
_______________________ at the base of the skull.
A. above the cerebellum C. above the cerebrum
B. below the cerebellum D. below the cerebrum
3. What is the largest part of the brain consisting of deep folds?
A. brain stem B. cerebellum C. cerebrum D. thalamus
4. How many pairs of cranial nerves are found in the body that emerge from
the brain?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
5. What made up of cranial and spinal nerves?
A. Autonomic Nervous System C. Peripheral Nervous System
B. Central Nervous System D. Sympathetic Nervous System
 RECAP

Last week, you have learned about the human reproductive system. In
the female human reproductive system, females begin to menstruate between
the ages of 11 and 15. Menstruation is the monthly shedding of blood from
the lining of the uterus. The menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, but there are
some female menstrual cycles that are as short as 21 days or as long as 35
days, which are normal.

Given below are the events in each phase of the menstrual cycle.
Identify the phase by arranging the jumbled letters.
Events Phase
1) During menstruation, the endometrium LIFCLRULOA HSPEA
breaks down (1 to 5 day)).
st th

2) In the ovary, the follicle matures and INUALOTVO

rebuilds the endometrium (6 to 13 day).
th th

Secondary oocyte is released from the

ovary (14th day).
3) Formation of the corpus luteum; ELUATL HSPEA
endometrium thickens and develops
(15th to 28th day).

Aside from menstruation, the female reproductive system also

performs the process of fertilization and the development of the human
embryo.

LESSON

Have you ever experienced

watching “Paskotitap” here in
Pasig every December? Were you
delighted and excited to watch all
the entries with beautiful and
colourful floats? What do you
think makes you react with what
you see from your environment?
 Living organisms like man become aware of their surroundings
through their nervous system. Man reacts to things he sees from the
environment through his nervous system like watching beautiful events
around him.

The Nervous System of Man

Figure 1. Main Divisions of the Human Nervous System

Main Divisions of Man’s Nervous System

A. The Central Nervous System (CNS) – is consist of the brain and the
spinal cord. It is where the interneurons receive and pass on messages.

1. The Brain is a moist and spongy organ with an average of 3 pounds

in weight. It consists of 10 billion neurons that control everything a
person does, such as thoughts, movements, memory, and sense.

2. The Spinal cord is a rod of brain tissue that extends about

two-thirds of the way down the back, just below the ribs. It is
 covered with three meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord
is protected by a spinal column, which allows the trunk to bend.

Figure 2. The Central Nervous System

B. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – is made up of cranial and spinal

nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the body that emerge from
the brain that connect with the eyes, ears and nose. The cranial nerves
contain mostly sensory nerve fibers. Some cranial nerves are made up of
sensory and motor nerve fibers.

The peripheral nervous system is divided into two:

1. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS) is made up of twelve pairs of
nerves which originate from the brain and 31 pairs of nerves which
originate from the spinal cord to sensory organs and voluntary
muscles. It is responsible for actions that a person can control such
as skeletal muscles and sensory neurons of the skin. This is under
conscious voluntary control.

2. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) connects the brain and

spinal cord to muscles which are not under the control of our will. It
 controls autonomic functions that do not require a person to think.
For example, involuntary muscles help digest food, heartbeat and
breathing. The autonomic nervous system is important in
maintaining homeostasis, just like the endocrine system. There are
two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system – the sympathetic
nervous system that prepares the body for action and stress, and the
parasympathetic nervous system that helps the body to conserve
energy.

Table 1. Functions of Autonomic Nerves

Organ Sympathetic Nerve
Eye Widens the pupils of the
eye
Heart Strengthens and
accelerates heartbeat
Blood Vessels Narrows the blood vessels
Base of Hair Makes hair stand
Sweat Glands Increases secretion
Salivary Glands Decreases secretion
Food Tube Slows down peristalsis
Urinary Bladder Dilates the bladder
Parasympathetic Nerve
Narrows the pupils of the
eye
Weakens and slows
heartbeat
Relaxes the wall and thus
widens the blood vessels
Makes hair lie flat
Decreases secretion
Increases secretion
Accelerates peristalsis
Constricts the bladder

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves regulate and control

each other’s activity, thus maintaining balance inside the body. This is one
way by which a stable internal environment (internal balance) is achieved,
referred also as homeostasis.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Name the parts of the nervous system.

Objectives:
1. Identify the two main divisions of the nervous system.
2. Enumerate the different parts of the central nervous system and
peripheral nervous system.

Materials:
Pen, paper

Procedure:
1. Carefully analyse the picture of Man’s Nervous System and its parts.
2. Answer the guide questions correctly.
 Label the parts of the main divisions of the nervous system.
1._______________________
2._______________________
3._______________________
4._______________________
5.______________________

Guide Questions:
1. What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?__________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. You are watching a horror movie and you notice that your heart is beating
fast, your mouth is dry, and you are breathing rapidly. What is
responsible for these reactions? What division of the nervous system is
responsible for these changes?___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Closure. How does environmental information reach the central nervous

system?___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. The Central Nervous System

Objectives:
1. Identify the parts of the human brain.
2. Describe the structure of spinal cord.
Materials:
Pen, paper

Procedure:
1. Carefully analyse the picture of the man’s central nervous system.
2. Answer the guide questions correctly.

Label the parts of the central nervous system.

1._____________________
2._____________________
3._____________________
4._____________________
5._____________________

Guide Questions:
1. What is the composition of the human brain?_____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Where can you find the medulla of the human brain?_____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the largest part of the human brain?_____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Closure. Describe the structure of the spinal cord.__________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
 WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned, fill in the concept map with the
correct answers from the given box.
Somatic Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Cord
Brain Central Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Cerebrum
Brainstem Sympathetic Nerves Parasympathetic Nerves Cerebellum

Nervous System

Central Nervous System 6.

1. 2.
7. 8.
3. 4.

9. 10.
5.

VALUING

Do you love yourself? How healthy is your body especially your brain
and your nervous system? During the pandemic season wherein there is still
no vaccine, how did you take good care of your body? You always stay at home
so you’re having less exercise except if you are doing zumba, dancing will really
help your nerves be healthy.
As a millennial, you are no
longer as active as the teenagers of
the 70’s, 80’s and 90’s whose fond
of playing outdoor games. Playing
outdoor will really help your nervous
system become fit and healthy. But,
if you want to play like basketball or
tug of war, you should also be careful
not to hit your head or your spinal
cord.
 Activity 3.The Peripheral Nervous System

Objectives:
1. Identify the parts of the peripheral nervous system.
2. Describe the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
on the different organs of the body with involuntary muscles.
Materials:
Pen, paper

Procedure:
1. Answer the guide questions correctly.
2. Analyze carefully the given table on the functions of autonomic nerves.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the composition of the somatic nervous system?__________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. How many pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain?_________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Complete the table by filling-out with the correct answers.

Table 1. Functions of Autonomic Nerves

Organ Sympathetic Nerve Parasympathetic Nerve
Eye

Heart

Blood Vessels

Base of Hair

Sweat Glands

Salivary Glands

Food Tube

Urinary Bladder

Closure. What is the function of somatic nervous system and autonomic

nervous system?__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Read each sentence carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What is a rod of brain tissue that extends about two-thirds of the way
down the back, just below the ribs?
A. brain B. neuron C. spinal cord D. thyroid
2. Where is the spinal cord located which allows the trunk to bend?
A. skull C. collar bone
B. spinal column D. sternum
3. Which is responsible for actions that a person can control such as skeletal
muscles and sensory neurons of the skin?
A. Somatic Nervous System C. Parasympathetic Nervous System
B. Autonomic Nervous System D. Sympathetic Nervous System
4. How many billions of neurons are found in the brain that control all the
activities of the body?
B. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
5. What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system helps the body
conserve energy?
A. Somatic Nervous System C. Parasympathetic Nervous System
B. Central Nervous System D. Sympathetic Nervous System

Assignment
Describe the function of the brain and its parts.
1. brain 6. thalamus
2. cerebellum 7. hypothalamus
3. cerebrum 8. midbrain
4. brain stem 9. pituitary gland
5. medulla 10. pons
 Activity 2
Parts of the Central Nervous System:
1. cerebellum
2. thalamus
3. medulla
4. cerebellum
5. spinal cord
Guide Questions:
1. The brain is a moist and spongy organ with an average of 3 pounds in
weight.
2. Medulla is found in the brainstem.
3. The largest part of the brain is cerebrum.
Activity 1
Parts of the Main Divisions of the Nervous System:
1. cranial nerves
2. autonomic nervous system ganglia
3. spinal nerves
4. brain
5. spinal cord
Guide Questions:
1. The two main divisions of the nervous system are central nervous system
and peripheral nervous system.
2. When you watch a horror movie, it stimulates the brain and it responds
with the physical and emotional sensations called fear. The central nervous
system is responsible for these changes.
Pre Test Wrap Up Post Test
1. A 1. brain 6. Peripheral Nervous System 1. C
2. B 2. spinal cord 7. Somatic Nervous System 2. B
3. B 3. cerebellum 8. Autonomic Nervous System 3. A
4. B 4. brain stem 9. Sympathetic Nervous System 4. A
5. C 5. cerebrum 10. Parasympathetic Nervous 5. C
System
KEY TO CORRECTION
 Bladder
Constricts the bladder Dilates the bladder Urinary
Accelerates peristalsis Slows down peristalsis Food Tube
Glands
Increases secretion Decreases secretion Salivary
Decreases secretion Increases secretion Sweat Glands
Makes hair lie flat Makes hair stand Base of Hair
widens the blood vessels
Relaxes the wall and thus Narrows the blood vessels Blood Vessels
heartbeat heartbeat
Weakens and slows Strengthens and accelerates Heart
Narrows the pupils of the eye Widens the pupils of the eye Eye
Parasympathetic Nerve Sympathetic Nerve Organ
Table 1. Functions of the Autonomic Nerves
that connect with the eyes, ears and nose.
2. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the body that emerge from the brain
spinal cord to sensory organs and voluntary muscles.
originate from the brain and 31 pairs of nerves which originate from the
1. The somatic nervous system is made up of the 12 pairs of nerves which
Guide Questions:
Activity 3

References
Books
1. Meliza P. Valdoz et. al (2017). The Nervous System. Science Links 10.
Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Book Store, Inc. pages 222-225
2. Lilia M. Rabago et. al (1997). Control of the Body Processes through the
Nervous System. Science and Technology II (Biology). Quezon City. SD
Publications, Inc. pages 302-307
3. Winnelma S. Navarro et. al (2009). The Nervous System. Skill Booster.
Com II (Biology). Quezon City. Bookman, Inc. pages 100-103
Electronic Sources
1. Live Life and Love-Paskotitap Pictures 2013, Pasig City. Retrieved from
https://www.livelifeandlove.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/12/DSC02758-copy.jpg
2. Medical Dictionary. The Central Nervous System. Retrieved from
http://medical-
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=MosbyMD&name=cent
ral-nervous-system.jpg&url=http://medical-
%20%20%20%20%20dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Central%2Bnervous%
2Bsystem
3. The Nervous System. Retrieved from
http://learn.neurotechedu.com/the_nervous_system/