I.

Multiple Choice
Exercise 1

General Nutritional Information

Good Nutrition - The Choice Is Yours
Making wise food choices early in life will help prevent health problems that can affect you
later. It is reported that 8 of the 10 leading causes of death in America ar e directly related to
what we eat and drink. Your eating habits, along with a smart exercise pro gramme, are crucial
elements on the path to a healthier body and self.
Fighting the Freshman 15

The Freshman 15 refers to the 15 pow1ds freshmen commonly gain in their first year.
University students often experience substantial weight gain in their first year. Experts
recommend limiting your fat intake to 30% of the total calories you consume per day. For
a moderately active woman, you should consume approximately 2,000 calories and 65
grammes of fat each day. For a moderately active man, you should consume approximately
2,500 calories and 80 grammes of fat. If you want to lose weight, the equation is simple, eat less
and exercise more. If you reduce your caloric intake by 500 calories per day, you will lose 1
pound per week. Alternatively, if you consume the same amount of calories, but increase
your activity level to burn an additional 500 calories per day, you will also lose 1 pound
per week. The easiest way to decrease the number of calories your body stores as fat is to not
consume those calories in the first place, especially since it is much more difficult to burn
calories once they are consumed. For

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 weight loss, it is recommended that you do not decrease your calorie and fat intake to
any less than 1,200 calories and 40 grammes of fat. Starvation, diets, or losing weight
too fast can be dangerous.

Fitness can be Fun!

A consistent pattern of daily physical activity and exercise is one of the healthiest
habits you can get into. Studies have shown that physical activity tends to decrease
with age, so now is the time to start. Walking to classes, taking stairs instead of
elevators, and becoming involved in sports and other physical activities are just a few
of the many ways to develop a more active life-style.
The time you spend on physical activity each day will also give your mind a much
needed break from its academic workout.
And besides, exercise makes you feel wonderful, provided that you do not overdo it. So
start slow, set goals for yourself, and GET MOVING!

Vegetarianism - A Growing Trend

Vegetarianism is becoming increasingly popular among college students. It is
estimated that 15% of the current college-age population in America is vegetarian.
There are several different types of vegetarian diets, and each is chosen for a variety
of reasons. Some people consider themselves vegetarian simply because they do not
eat red meat. As far as nutritional recommendations for vegetarian diets are
concerned, protein, iron, and calcium can become an issue for those who do not
consume animal products. Guidelines for vegetarian diets include:

• Choose whole grains instead of refined

• Have a variety of legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Choose green leafy vegetables
and good sources of vitamin C
• Select non-/low-fat dairy products
• Minimise fats, oils, and refined sugars

Eating Disorders
A healthy outlook about your body and appearance and how it relates to food and
phys ical activity is very important for young adults. Self-destructive behaviours,
which lead to eating disorders, such as eating a diet with too little fat or calories or
embarking on a severe regime of physical activity, can have very hannful
consequences to the health of your body and mind. Keep your mind and body in shape
by treating them both with respect. A healthy self-image and realistic perception of
yourself is one of the healthiest feats you can achieve.

44 Essential Tests for IELTS www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 1-6
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
1. First-year students often
A gain weight.
B die because of food.
C have health problems.
D exercise a lot.
2. Vegetarianism is growing in popularity
A because it is economical.
B because red meat is bad for you.
C because it is healthier.
D No information is given.
3. One method not mentioned to lose weight is
A exercise more.
B don't eat too much.
C surgery.
D vegetarianism.
4. An eating disorder can be something as simple as
A eating too little fat.
B exercising too aggressively. C taking in few calories.
D All of the above
5. How many grammes of fat per day should a normally active man eat?
A 500
B 80
C 2,500
D 65
6. What type of dairy products should vegetarians choose?
A Low-fat
B Fresh
C Refined
D Whole
 Part 2 Reading Exercise 2
Section A
Oil accounts for approximately 40% of the world's primary energy consumption. Coal
contributes 23%. Natural gas provides 22%. Nuclear energy and hydroelectric facilities
add about 7% each. Biomass, geothermal, solar and wind energy together kick in only
1%. Despite the low world oil prices that have prevailed since 1986 and the absence of
any apparent sign of shortage, concern over disruption and depletion of non-renewable
energy reserves has continued to be a major concern in industrialised countries. On
going issues include: How much longer can we heavily rely upon oil before we run out
of it? What sources of energy can we rely on in the future and at what cost, financially
and environmentally? Let us examine the current status of our main energy sources.

Section B
Experts predict that a permanent worldwide oil shortage will begin in the year 2010,
after which date production from the world's oil fields will steadily decline. They also
say that by the year 2040, all active and recoverable crude oil reserves will have been de
pleted. No doubt, there are alternative sources of petroleum. Some of these sources are
hundreds of times more abundant than existing crude oil reserves, e.g., shale oil and tar
sands. However, the high cost of recovering and converting these resources into usable
petroleum products remains a major stumbling block to its commercial use. In the fu
ture, we may have no choice but to tap into these resources, but the cost may be higher
than most people want to bear. With regard to the environment impact, the use of oil
continues to result in disastrous ocean oil spills by oil transport tankers, contaminated
ground water, and polluted air. In addition, burning this type of fuel releases stored
carbon dioxide into the Earth's atmosphere, which is a major cause of global warming.

Section C
Experts say we have enough coal reserves to last another 200 years. Despite coal's rela
tive cheapness and huge reserves, its growth in use has been limited by its detrimental
effect on humans and the environment. Underground mining causes black lung disease
in miners, sinking of land over mines, and drainage of acid into underground water
supplies. Surface mining scars the land and renders it unproductive for planting. In add
ition, the burning of coal causes emission of sulfur dioxide particles, nitrogen oxide,
and other impurities. Millions of people who depend on coal for indoor cooking and
heating suffer bronchitis and respiratory illnesses, including Jung cancer. In additional
to severely polluting the air, coal burning causes highly acidic rainfall that is damaging
to lakes and forests.

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Section D
Nuclear power does not contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions. However, mining uranium ore is hazardous to human health.
Moreover, splitting the atom to boil water is like using a chainsaw to cut
butter. The process creates tons of waste, i.e., radioactive waste that remains
highly lethal to all life forms for thousands of years. The safe storage and
transport of nuclear fuel waste have proven to be a serious obstacle to the
industry and add significantly to the financial, social, and environmen- tal cost
of producing electricity with atomic energy. Another stifling factor has been
the technical engineering difficulties and unexpected equipment and system
failures, such as the ones that caused the radioactive accidents at Chernobyl
and Three Mile Island. The public's fear of the lethal radioactivity released in
nuclear accidents is well founded. Health officials estimate that at least 4,365
people who took part in the Cher- nobyl cleanup have died. Other factors that
have crushed the expected rapid growth of nuclear energy are increasing
regulatory demands, construction cost overruns, court challenges, and
resistance by well-organised antinuclear activists. Many countries are now
abandoning their nuclear programmes, instead shifting to natural gas and
renew- able energy sources.
Section E
Natural gas is not as convenient, safe, or flexible as crude oil. It is also more
expensive to recover, transport, and store. Existing gasoline engines, such as
car engines, are not capable of using natural gas. Nevertheless, it is being
widely touted by energy pro- viders as an abundant, clean fuel for the 21st
century. However, this resource, like other fossil fuels, is non-renewable.
Experts estimate that the world's natural gas reserves will last only about 65
years. Thus, some say that it is not a viable solution to the long-term energy
crisis. One of the greatest advantages of natural gas is that it contains less
sulfur, and therefore burns far cleaner than oil and coal. However, it still emits
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Section F
Many people have come to recognise that increased energy efficiency could
help the world energy balance in the short and middle term, and that
productive conservation should be considered as no less an energy alternative
than the energy sources that have been described. A number of obstacles
stand in the way, however. One major roadblock is its highly fragmented and
unglamorous character; it requires hundreds of millions of people to do
mundane things such as turning off lights and keeping tires properly inflated.
Another barrier has been the price. Low energy prices make it dif- ficult to
convince people to invest time in energy efficiency.
Questions 1-5
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1. According to the text, one of the greatest benefits of using natural gas is that
A it has been widely touted as the fuel of the 21st century.
B it burns cleaner than oil and coal.
C worldwide reserves will last us 65 years.
D it is more flexible and easier to transport than coal.
2. According to the text, energy conservation may be difficult for some people
because
A low energy prices do not motivate energy efficiency.
B conserving energy is expensive and very time-consuming.
C many lack the knowledge of how to be energy-efficient.
D of all of the above reasons.
3. According to the text, "acidic rainfall" is caused by
A processing crude oil into petroleum-based products.
B mining coal above the ground.
C radioactive incidents like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island. D coal burning.
4. According to the text, the production of nuclear energy
A accounts for about 3.5% of the world's energy consumption.
B is cleaner than any other type of conventional energy source.
C has been held back by engineering difficulties and equipment and system failures. D
has caused 4,365 deaths worldwide.
5. With regard to shale oil and tar sands as a future energy source, the writer
believes that
A it is a better source of energy than coal.
B it will not be viable due to the high cost of transport and storage.
C people might not be willing to bear the expense.
D it will produce cleaner burning fuels than crude oil